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水溶肥料中有毒有害重金属含量状况调查(3)

来源:未知 作者:chunt
发布于:2016-11-02 共9285字
  3 结论与讨论
  
  近些年水溶肥料发展迅速,在农业生产上应用前景广阔,如何有效控制水溶肥料中的重金属含量,保障农产品质量安全值得关注。
  
  水溶肥料中的重金属含量普遍较低,符合NY/T 1110 -2010限量要求,总体比较安全。部分水溶肥料中重金属存在一定的超标现象,主要集中在As和Cd上,但超标率不高。通常水溶肥料需经过稀释后进行喷灌或滴灌,重金属含量很低,基本不会对作物造成危害。但个别微量元素水溶肥料中重金属含量较高,特别是Cd含量畸高,可达限量的数十倍甚至更高,会对农田和农作物造成较大危害,尤其是施用于镉高积累植物,应引起足够重视。
  
  水溶肥料中的重金属主要来自于生产原料,原料种类繁多,其中一半以上来自磷肥和微量元素肥料,其余来自氨基酸、腐植酸等多种肥料。原料的质量安全与水溶肥料的产品质量息息相关。从我国现行肥料标准来看,虽然对部分肥料中重金属进行了限量,但限量值较宽泛,而且还有相当一部分重金属未作限定,加上还有一些小企业生产的不合格产品流入市场。企业若对生产原料不进行严格的质量控制,产品有可能出现重金属超标,因此必须坚持原料进厂检验的原则。同时,建议相关管理部门尽快制定并完善符合我国实际情况的肥料标准体系,从源头上控制肥料中的重金属含量。并且在制定肥料标准过程中,积极采用国际标准,促进我国肥料产品质量的提高。
  
  要不断完善肥料安全评价体系,对水溶肥料施入土壤后可能对土壤、水、作物所产生影响进行安全评价,对农田环境污染进行动态监测,防止农田重金属污染。总之,合理评价水溶肥料中重金属对农田环境和农产品质量的影响,制定肥料中重金属限量标准化体系,对于保护生态环境、保障农产品质量安全意义重大。
  
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