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英语体育新闻中的概念隐喻研究

来源:学术堂 作者:杜老师
发布于:2021-12-04 共4485字

  摘 要

  隐喻是一种非常普遍的语言现象。古往今来一直备受中外学者的关注。语言学家和哲学家都对其进行了相关的详细研究。过去的研究认为隐喻仅仅是一种修辞手段。而现代学者拓展了研究范围,认为隐喻是人们认识语言发展与世界发展的一种重要手段。

  体育新闻是人们了解最新体育信息的重要语类,而概念隐喻也被广泛地应用于这一语类当中。目前有关体育语言的研究主要是描述其中的语言特色,而全面系统地研究英语体育新闻报道中的概念隐喻现象比较缺乏。本文从杂志上收集了一些涉及概念隐喻的体育新闻,研究发现:在英语体育新闻中,三大类概念隐喻现象,包括结构隐喻,实体隐喻和方位隐喻都有涉及。方位隐喻主要包括上和下两种方位隐喻;实体隐喻包括人体和容器隐喻;而结构隐喻则包括战争,旅游和自然现象隐喻三种。本文的研究有助于人们更好地理解英语体育新闻,并且能体会概念隐喻在人们日常生活中的重要性。

  关键词 :   概念隐喻,结构隐喻,实体隐喻,方位隐喻,英语体育新闻。

  Wu Yanxiang

  Metaphor  is  universal  in  language,  which  has  aroused  interest  among  scholarssince  ancient  times.  Linguists  and  philosophers  have  accordingly  conducted  detailedstudy  of  this  phenomenon.  Previous  studies  considered  metaphor  just  a  rhetoricaldevice.  However,  contemporary  scholars  have  extended  the  research  domain  andviewed  metaphor  as  a  significant  way  for  humans  to  understand  the  development  oflanguage and the whole world.

  Sports  news  is  a  significant  genre  for  understanding  current  sports  informationwhere conceptual metaphors are widely used.   The studies of sports news are mainlyconcerned with language features and systematic researches on conceptual metaphorsin sports news are not adequate. The thesis, after having examined samples of sportsnews  collected  from  various  magazines,  points  out  that  the  three  main  kinds  ofconceptual  metaphors,  including  structural  metaphors,  ontological  metaphors  andorientational  metaphors,  are  frequently  made  use  of  in  sports  news.  Among  them,orientational  metaphors  include  up  and  down  orientation,  ontological  metaphorscontain  person  and  container  metaphors  and  structural  metaphors  involve  war,journey and natural phenomenon metaphors. This thesis is intended to enable peopleto  acquire  a  better  understanding  of  English  sports  news  and  to  come  to  realize  thesignificance of conceptual metaphors in the daily life.

  Key  words :     conceptual  metaphor   orientational  metaphors   ontological  metaphorsstructural metaphors    English sports news。

  Chapter One Introduction

  From  ancient  time,  humans  have  started  to  study  the  phenomenon  of  metaphor.

  The earliest serious study of metaphor can be traced back to Aristotle. In his opinion,metaphor is based on the principles of analogy. Moreover, he also treats metaphor as adecorative additive to language.

  With the development of society and studies on metaphor, it is viewed not onlyas  a  linguistic  phenomenon,  but  also  as  a  cognitive  phenomenon.  At  present  it  is  akind  of  tool  of  thinking  or  reasoning.  And  this  kind  of  studies  of  metaphor  in  thecognitive  dimension  originates  from  Lakoff  and  Johnson  in  1980.  In  the  bookMetaphors  We  Live  By  published  by  Lakoff  and  Johnson,  they  point  out  thatmetaphor  is  conceptual  and  majority  of  our  actions  in  daily  life  are  based  onmetaphorical conceptions.

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  In  recent  years,  metaphor  has  become  a  popular  topic  and  it  attracts  manylinguists’ interest. Meanwhile, the theory related to conceptual metaphor is applied tomany fields such as economy, politics and advertisement. And the general purpose ofthis  thesis  is  to  study  the  application  of  conceptual  metaphor  in  the  field  of  Englishsports  news.  It  is  intended  to  help  people  have  a  better  understanding  of  Englishsports news and perceive the excitement of the sports games at the same time.

  In this thesis, firstly the definition of conceptual metaphor and basic knowledgeabout  sports  news  are  discussed  in  brief.  Then  detailed  examples  collected  frommedia  are  analyzed  one  by  one  and  the  mapping  process  of  each  kind  of  conceptualmetaphors is illustrated. Conclusion is given in the last chapter.

  Chapter Two Conceptual Metaphors and SportsNews 

  Theory  is  the  foundation  of  studies.  Before  starting  to  elaborate  on  conceptualmetaphors  in  English  sports  news,  it  is  significant  to  acquire  the  knowledge  ofconceptual metaphor and of sports news.

  2.1、 Definition of conceptual metaphor。

  Metaphor is fundamentally conceptual, nor linguistic (Lakoff, 1980). Metaphoriclanguage  is just  an  external  manifestation of conceptual  metaphor.  In our conceptualsystem, much of them is metaphorical. According to Lakoff and Johnson, conceptualmetaphor  is  the  systematic  mapping  across  conceptual  domains.  That  is  to  say,  onedomain  of  experience  called  source  domain  is  mapped  onto  another  domain  ofexperience, namely, target domain.

  Source  domain  and  target  domain  are  two  components  of  conceptual  metaphor.

  They  have  some  connections.  But  if  the  two  domains  don’t  become  interrelatedconceptual  networks,  they  are  just  two  independent  conceptual  network  systems  andthey  consist  of  human’s  conceptual  experience  of  those  objects  respectively.  Thecognitive  context  relates  source  domain  and  target  domain  and  creates  similaritybetween them.

  Let’s  take  a  conceptual  metaphor  IDEAS  ARE  FOOD  as  an  example.  In  thismetaphor, FOOD is the source domain, and people’s experience of FOOD is mappedonto  the  IDEA,  one  kind  of  target  domain.  There’s  no  doubt  that  we  don’t  just  talkabout ideas in terms of food, but we create and realize the concept of IDEAS throughthe concept of food. So we can have a taste of it. Moreover, we can also comprehendideas by swallowing. And just like food, ideas may have a wonderful or bad flavor. Inthis sense, the concept, the quality and the language are all metaphorically created.

  Varieties of expressions about this metaphor are listed as follows:

  What he said left a bad taste in my mouth.

  The argument sells fishy.

  I just can’t swallow that claim. (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980:46)。

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  2.2、 Classifications of conceptual metaphors

  2.3、 Previous studies on sports news .

  3、Chapter Three Analysis of Conceptual Metaphors in English Sports New

  3.1、 Data collection and analysis

  3.2 、Sub-classi fications of 0rientati onal Metaphors

  3.3 、Sub-classi fications of Ontological Metaphors.

  3.4 、Sub-classi fications of the Structural

  Chapter Four   Conclusion

  The  theme  of  this  thesis  is  the  study  of  conceptual  metaphors  in  English  sportsnews. After doing various studies, some findings are demonstrated. Firstly, conceptualmetaphors play a significant role in our daily life and in English sports news. It is thereflection  of  a  way  of  thinking  connecting  source  domain  with  target  domain.  Eachmetaphor  contains  a  mapping  process.  In  English  sports  news,  three  main  kinds  ofconceptual  metaphors:  orientational  metaphors,  ontological  metaphors  and  structuralmetaphors, are all included. Among them, there are various source domains but mainsource  domains  are  limited.  In  orientational  metaphors,  main  source  domains  are  upand  down;  in  ontological  metaphors  person  and  container  are  used  mostly;  and  instructural  metaphors  war,  journey  and  natural  phenomenon  are  the  widely  employedsource domains. The use of these conceptual metaphors is to help people have a betterunderstanding of the news and to enable them to experience the excitement of sportsmatches.

  There  are  also  some  limitations  and  shortcomings  in  this  study.  Firstly,  theexamples  used  in  this  thesis  are  mainly  selected  from  English  sports  news  whichhappened in 2008. The thesis has conducted some analyses, but not so deep. Secondly,the  examples  are  selected  from  many  kinds  of  media.  So  the  writing  styles  aredifferent and it has incurred difficulties for readers.

  With regard to some advice for further studies in the future. It is hoped that the similarconceptual metaphors in English and Chinese are to be studied so that we can exploresimilarities  and  differences  in  conceptual  metaphors  in  different  cultures.  It  maybenefit the study of conceptual metaphor in the end.

  References

  (1) Cooper, D,E. M etaphor [M]. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986.

  (2) Croft,V. & Cruse, D,A. Cognitive Linguistics [M]. Cambridge. Cambri dge University Press 2004.

  (3) Ev ans,V. & Gr een,M. Cognitve Linguistics [M]. Edinburgh: E dinburgh University Press Ltd, 2006.

  (4) Goatly,A. The Language of M etaphor [M]. London: Routl edge, 1997.

  (5) Kovecses,Z. M etaphor: a practi cal Introduction. Ox ford: Oxford University Press,2002.

  (6) Lako f?f G. & Johnson, M. Metaphors We Live By [M]. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1980.

  (7)程其龙语言认知和隐喻[J]外国语, 2002,(1):10-16.

  (8)戴南隐喻[M]北京:外文出版社,2001.

  (9)段金花, 文治芳,闫立亮体育 新闻的语言艺术初探[J]山东体育科技, 2002,(4): 60-61.

  (10)耿占春隐喻[M]. 北京:东方出版社,1993.

  (11)胡壮麟.认知隐喻学[M]北京:北京大学出版社,2004.

  (12)蓝纯认知语言学与隐喻研究[M]北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2005

  (13)黎莎.对体育新闻基本特征的探讨[J]成都体育学院学报,2003, (4):25-28.

  (14)束定芳、隐喻学研究[M]. 上海:上海外语教育出版社,2000

  (15)束定芳论隐喻的认知功能[J].外语研究,2001, (2):28-31.

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