应用语言学论文
近年来，大量新事物、新现象、新事件不断涌现，并借助网络和媒体的平台得以迅速、广泛地传播，新词语获得了空前的发展。不同地域的年度新词语受到不同语用条件的影响，因此，在使用和传播的过程中具有一定的时空差异。本文主要以主流报纸为参照，利用语言监测的方法对北上广三地的年度新词语进行定量和定性分析。
本文共分为七章。第一章主要介绍了年度新词语研究的背景、意义、内容、方法和目标，以及语料库基础和数据的获取方法；第二章主要介绍了语言监测研究的相关理论基础；第三章分别对北上广三地和京广两地的年度新词语时空分布差异进行统计分析；第四章主要从媒体传播的角度探讨了北上广年度新词语的传播差异；第五章分别选取了同族词使用差异、同义竞争差异以及词义变化个案考察等三个方面，对年度新词语的使用情况进行统计分析；第六章主要从社会共变与创造新词、潜显理论与构造新词以及语用因素与词语借用等三个方面对年度新词语的产生方式进行统计分析；第七章对本文研究进行总结。
本文的结论主要有以下几个方面：
第一，从年度新词语的时空分布差异上看，年度新词语的时空分布主要受到语料规模的影响，语料规模越大，新词语词种的数量越大；另一方面，年度新词语词种的数量分布相对稳定，主要表现为：共用新词语的数量占绝对优势，部分共用新词语和各地独用新词语的数量相对较小。
第二，从年度新词语的传播差异上看，一些反映社会重大事件、备受关注的社会问题、社会现象和新观念的年度新词语相对传播程度较高。另外，高频词对传播度影响非常明显，表现为：在大多数的年度中，少量高频词的累加频率均超过 80%。
第三，从年度新词语的使用差异上看，同族词的使用是年度新词语的重要特点，并呈现逐年上升的趋势。同义竞争反映了年度新词语动态发展的一种自我调节能力，一些简洁、经济、便于传播和记忆的新词语往往更容易被社会接受。一些描述备受关注的重大事件、社会现象的新词语更容易发生语域泛化和词义泛化。
第四，从年度新词语产生方式的差异上看，一方面，构造新词是年度新词语产生的最主要方式，新复合词和新派生词占年度新词语的比重最大。另一方面，年度新词语的产生是语言从潜性到显性的动态过程的一种体现，构词法为年度新词语大量涌现提供了有利的条件，也是年度新词语空前发展的直接动力。
关键词：年度新词语 时空差异 共用词 独用词 分布
AbstractIn recent years,a large amount of new things, new phenomenon and new events areconstantly emerging, spreading quickly and broadly with the aid of the Internet andthe media, neologisms have acquired the unprecedented development. Beinginfluenced by diverse pragmatic conditions, the annual neologisms reveal somespatiotemporal discrepancies during using and spreading. Based on leadingnewspapers and language-monitor methods, this thesis carries on the quantitative andthe qualitative analysis of the annual neologisms of Beijing, Shanghai andGuangzhou.
This thesis consists of seven chapters. Chapter One mainly introduces the background,significance, content, method and objectives of the annual neologisms research, thebasis of the corpus, and the method of achieving data; Chapter Two mainly explainthe relevant theoretical foundations of the study of language monitoring; ChapterThree performs a statistical analysis of the distribution of spatiotemporaldiscrepancies of the annual neologisms respectively of the three cities and of Beijingand Guangzhou; Chapter Four mainly discusses the discrepancy in spreading of theannual neologisms of the three cities from the perspective of media communication;Chapter Five performs a statistical analysis of the using status of the annualneologisms, selecting the usage discrepancy, the synonymy-competition discrepancy,and the case study of semantic change of cognate words as three analytical aspects;Chapter Six mainly performs a statistical analysis of the producing ways of the annualneologisms from the aspects of covariant relations between the society and theneologism, the relations between the theory of Potential and Appearence andword-formation, the relations between pragmatic factors and lexical borrowing;Chapter Seven summarizes the research of this thesis.
The main conclusions made in this thesis are as follows:
First, from the discrepancy in spatiotemporal distribution of the annual neologisms,the distribution is chiefly influenced by the corpus scale. The greater the scale is, thelarger the number of the annual neologisms type is; On the other hand, the number distribution of the annual neologisms type is relatively stable as a whole, mainlyshowing as communal neologisms assuming absolute superiority, and a relativelysmall number of some annual neologisms and sole neologisms in all regions.
Second, from the discrepancy in spatiotemporal spreading of the annual neologisms,those reflecting important social events, high-profile social problems, socialphenomenon and new ideas tend to get a higher level in spreading. Furthermore,high-frequency words perform a significant impact on the levels of spreading,manifested as the cumulative frequency of a few high-frequency words exceeding 80%in most of the years.
Third, from the discrepancy in usage of the annual neologisms, the usage of cognatewords is an important characteristic of the annual neologisms, and shows a trend ofrise year by year. The synonymy-competition reflects a kind of self-regulation in thedynamic development of the annual neologisms. Some neologisms that are concise,economical and convenient to communicate and memorize are more acceptable tosociety. Those neologisms which describe high-profile events and social phenomenonare likely to obtain register overgeneralization.
Forth, from the discrepancy in producing ways of the annual neologisms,word-formation is the main way of producing annual neologisms, of which the newcompound words and new derivative words account for the largest percentage. On theother hand, the emergence of annual neologisms is a reflection of the dynamic processfrom potentiality to prominence in language, and the word-formation providesfavorable conditions for annual neologisms emerging, which is the direct motivationfor the unprecedented development of the annual neologisms.
Key words: Annual neologism, spatiotemporal discrepancies, communal words, solewords, distribution
目录
第一章 绪 论
1.1 选题背景及意义
1.2 研究内容、方法和目标
1.3 语料来源及数据获取
第二章 相关理论基础
2.1 相对时间观理论
2.2 动态知识更新与动态流通语料库理论
2.3 语言的动态、稳态与实态理论
2.4 潜显理论
第三章 年度新词语词种的数量分布统计分析
3.1 北上广三地的新词语词种分布考察
3.2 京广两地的新词语词种分布考察
3.3 本章小结
第四章 年度新词语传播的时空差异统计分析
4.1 媒体传播差异的统计分析
4.2 新词语历时传播与生命力
4.3 本章小结
第五章 年度新词语使用的时空分布统计分析
5.1 同族词使用差异考察
5.2 同义竞争关系考察
5.3 词义变化个案考察
5.4 本章小结
第六章 年度新词语产生方式的统计分析
6.1 社会共变与创造新词
6.2 潜显理论与构造新词
6.3 语用因素与词语借用
6.4 本章小结
第七章 总 结
7.1 本文的重要结论
7.2 本文研究的不足及局限
参考文献
致 谢