国有股东无偿转让上市公司股份的制度探究

　　摘要

　　规定国有股东转让上市公司的股份的相关的法律有很多，比如《中华人民国和国证券法》、《国宥资产法》、国务院颁布的《企业国有资产产权登记管理办法》、财政部颁布的《企业国有资产产权登记管理办法实施细则》、国资委和财政部联合颁发的《企业的国有产权转让管理办法》、国资委单独颁布的《企业国有产权无偿划转管理暂行办法》、《企业国有资产评估管理暂行办法》等，但这些法律中，对于无偿转让都设置了比较繁复的程序，因此可能会造成国有股东无偿转让的障碍，与此同时，国有资产在无偿转让的过程中如何监管也缺少相应的规定，本文就是通过对股份转让的关联方界定、关联关系的梳理以及在无偿转让过程中利益相关人的关系处理，在此基础上进一步研究国有资产在此过程中的监管问题这几个方面进行论述，以使得国有股东无偿转让上市公司的制度更趋于合理、健全。

　　通过实证研究、理论研究以及比较研究的方法，结合实际中的案例进行分析，在与法律基础理论相联系的基础上，溯本求源，和国外先进立法的比较，相互借鉴，完善立法。由此我们得到如下结论：国有资产的无偿转让不仅关系转出方与转入方的公司个体利益，更关系债权人、企业职工利益，从国有资产角度甚至关系国计民生问题，对我国国民经济良好运行有着重要影响。国有公司之间的行为不但要考虑商法上强调的效率，更需考虑国有资产本身的安全。在无偿转让问题上，应是安全价值高于效率价值。

　　关键词：无偿转让，关联方，关联交易，国有资产监管

　　Abstract

　　There are many laws and regulations about the State-owned shareholders transferthe listed companies' shares in our country, such as securities law, the law of ourstate-owned enterprises,The interim regulations on the state-owned assets supervisionand administration, Measures for the management of enterprise property rightregistration of state-owned assets. Enterprise property right registration ofstate-owned assets management way of implementing rules, the interim measures ofTransfer of state-owned property rights management,the interim measures of theassessment of state-owned assets management, etc. But these laws set up acomplicated procedure for the free transfer, these will may be the cause of thestate-owned shareholder transfers of obstacles, at the same time, we are lack ofcorresponding regulations about how to supervise the process of gratuitous transfer ofstate-owned assets, this article is based on the share transfer of the related partyrelationship,the relationship between the comb and the relationship between thestakeholders in the process of free transfer process, and do the further research on thesupervise regulation of state-owned assets, to make the state-owned shareholdertransfers of listed companies tend to be more reasonable and to be a perfect system.

　　Through empirical research, theoretical research and comparative research method,combining with actual case, on the basis of legal theory, we get the source and thecomparison of the foreign advanced legislation,make the legislation better. Thus weget the following conclusion: the free transfer of state-owned assets not only turn outof the parties' individual interests, but also the creditors, employees interests. Evenhas important influence of the good operation of China's national economy . Behaviorbetween state-owned companies to consider not only the efficiency of the commerciallaw emphasizes on, more to consider the safety of state-owned assets themselves.

　　There should be the safety value is higher than the value of efficiency On transfersproblem.

　　Key words: free of charge transfer, Affiliated parties, Related party transactions,The state-owned assets supervision

    目录

　　引言

　　1国有股东无偿转让股份的行为定性

　　1.1国有股东的股份转让

　　1.1.1股份转让实现股东的重大权益

　　1.1.2股份转让的一些特殊规定

　　1.2国有股份的无偿转让

　　1.2.1无偿转让的法理基础

　　1.2.2国有股份无偿转让的性质界定

　　2无偿转让中关联方以及关联关系的界定

　　2.1关联方

　　2.1.1比较法分析

　　2.1.2我国实践中的界定

　　2.2关联交易

　　2.2.1国有控股公司集团的关联交易

　　2.2.2上市公司的关联交易

　　3无偿转让中的利益平衡与冲突

　　3.1无偿转让中的利益平衡

　　3.2冲突一一公司利益至上原则

　　3.3冲天中小股东的利

　　3.4冲突一一债权人的利益

　　4无偿转让与国有资产监管

　　4.1监管体制的历史沿革

　　4.2我国监管体制的现状与存在的问题

　　4.2.1相关法律规则位阶低或不完整

　　4.2.2相关法律规则缺少公允原则

　　4.2.3监管规则中责任追究方式单一

　　4.2.4职能部门监管存在冲突

　　4.3比较法分析与借鉴

　　4.3.1外国法的模式与体制

　　4.3.2我国的选择与借鉴

　　结论

　　参考文献

　　致谢