ÊÞҽ˶ʿÂÛÎÄ

Äúµ±Ç°µÄλÖãºÑ§ÊõÌà > ±ÏÒµÂÛÎÄ > ÔÚְ˶ʿÂÛÎÄ > רҵ˶ʿÂÛÎÄ > ÊÞҽ˶ʿÂÛÎÄ >

¼ªÁÖÊ¡ÈýÖÖÅ£²¡¶¾ÐÔ´«È¾²¡µÄÁ÷ÐÐÇé¿öµ÷ÑÐ

À´Ô´£º¼ªÁÖÅ©Òµ´óѧ ×÷Õߣº¸ßíµ
·¢²¼ÓÚ£º2020-03-11 ¹²6296×Ö
¡¡¡¡Õª Òª
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡ÎªÁ˽⼪ÁÖÊ¡Å£²¡¶¾ÐÔ¸¹Ðº£¨BVD£©¡¢Å£´«È¾ÐÔ±ÇÆø¹ÜÑ×£¨IBR£©ºÍÅ£ºôÎüµÀºÏ°ûÌ岡£¨BRS£©3 ÖÖ²¡¶¾ÐÔ´«È¾²¡µÄÁ÷ÐÐÇé¿ö£¬±¾Ñо¿Ó¦ÓÃÉÌÆ·»¯Ã¸ÁªÃâÒßÎü¸½ÊÔÑ飨ELISA£©·½·¨ºÍʵʱ¶¨Á¿ PCR£¨RT-PCR£©·½·¨¶Ô²É¼¯×Ô¼ªÁÖÊ¡ÄÚ 9 ¸öµØÇøµÄ 11 ¸öÏØ£¨ÊУ©ÇøÄÚûÓÐÃâÒßµÄÅ£³¡£¨°üÀ¨ÈâÅ£³¡¡¢ÄÌÅ£³¡¡¢ÍÀÔ׳¡¡¢É¢Ñø»§£©µÄ 2200 ·ÝѪÇå½øÐмì²â£¬ÆäÖÐÿ¸öÏØ£¨ÊУ©Çø 200 ·ÝѪÇåÑù±¾¡£


¼ªÁÖÊ¡ÈýÖÖÅ£²¡¶¾ÐÔ´«È¾²¡µÄÁ÷ÐÐÇé¿öµ÷ÑÐ
 
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡Ó¦Óà ELISA ÊÔ¼ÁºÐ¼ì²â²»Í¬Å£³¡ÖÐ BVD¡¢IBR¡¢BRS ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂÊÇé¿ö£¬½á¹ûÏÔʾ£º
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡ÈâÅ£³¡¡¢ÄÌÅ£³¡¡¢ÍÀÔ׳¡¡¢É¢Ñø»§ÖÐ IBR ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂÊ×î¸ß·Ö±ðΪ 31.2%¡¢31.7%¡¢24.5%¡¢17.7%£»¸÷ÏØ£¨ÊУ©BVD¡¢IBR ¼° BRS ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂÊÏà¹ØÐÔ½øÐзÖÎö£¬BVD µÄ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂÊÓë BRS µÄ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂÊÔÚ 0.05 ˮƽÉÏÏÔ×ÅÏà¹Ø£»ÏµÍ³¾ÛÀà·ÖÎö±È½Ï¸÷ÏØ£¨ÊУ©µØÓòÖ®¼äµÄ¾àÀë¿É·¢ÏÖ£¬BVD¡¢IBR ¼° BRS ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂʵIJîÒìÓëµØÓò²îÒìÖ®¼äÎÞ¹æÂÉ¿ÉÑ­£»¸÷ÏØ£¨ÊУ©BVD¡¢IBR ºÍ BRS »ìºÏ¸ÐȾÇé¿ö£¬BVD µÄ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂʳýÓë BRS µÄ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂÊÏÔ×ÅÏà¹ØÍ⣬»¹Óë BVD¡¢IBR »ìºÏ¸ÐȾ£¬BVD¡¢BRS »ìºÏ¸ÐȾ£¬IBR¡¢BRS »ìºÏ¸ÐȾ£¬BVD¡¢IBR¡¢BRS »ìºÏ¸ÐȾ¾ùÏÔ×ÅÏà¹Ø£»¶Ô²»Í¬µØÇøµÄ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂÊͳ¼Æ·ÖÎö£¬BVD¡¢BRS µÄ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂʳÊÎ÷¸ß¶«µÍÇ÷ÊÆ£¬ÇÒÁ½ÖÖ²¡ÔÚ²»Í¬µØÇøµÄ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂÊ´æÔÚÏÔ×ÅÏà¹Ø£¬°ëɽÇø¡¢Æ½Ô­ÇøºÍÄÁÇøµÄ±È½Ï²îÒìÏÔ×Å¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡²ÉÓÃʵʱӫ¹â RT-PCR ¼ì²â·½·¨¸´¼ì²»Í¬Å£³¡Öп¹ÌåÑôÐÔѪÇåÑùÆ·ÊÇ·ñº¬Óв¡¶¾ºËËá¡£½á¹ûÏÔʾ£ºIBR ¼ì²âÖÐÄÌÅ£³¡ÑôÐÔÂÊ×î¸ßΪ 26.8%£»BVD ¼ì²âÖÐÍÀÔ׳¡ÑôÐÔÂÊ×î¸ßΪ7.3%£»BRS ¼ì²âÖÐÄÌÅ£³¡ÑôÐÔÂÊ×î¸ßΪ 8.3%¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡×ÛºÏÒÔÉϵ÷²é½á¹û£¬¾ßÌåµØÁ˽âÁ˼ªÁÖÊ¡ IBR¡¢BVD¡¢BRS µÄÁ÷ÐÐÇé¿ö£¬³õ²½Ö¤ÊµÁËÕâÈýÖÖ²¡ÔÚ¼ªÁÖµØÇøµÄţȺÖиÐȾÆձ飬ÆäÖÐ IBR µÄ¸ÐȾÂʽϸߡ£²¢Ìá³öÏà¹ØµÄÔ¤·ÀºÍ¿ØÖƽ¨Ò飬Ϊ¼õÉÙÕâ 3 ÖÖ¶¯ÎïÒß²¡µÄ·¢ÉúºÍÁ÷ÐÐÌṩÊý¾ÝÖ§³Ö£¬ÎªÕâ 3 ÖÖ¶¯ÎïÒß²¡µÄÔ¤·ÀºÍ¿ØÖÆÌṩÁ˲ο¼¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¹Ø¼ü´Ê£ºÅ£²¡¶¾ÐÔ¸¹Ðº£¬Å£´«È¾ÐÔ±ÇÆø¹ÜÑ×£¬Å£ºôÎüµÀºÏ°ûÌ壬Á÷Ðв¡Ñ§µ÷²é£¬·À¿Ø¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡ABSTRACT
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡To investigate the prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and bovine respiratory syncytial (BRS) in Jilin Province, a total of 2200 serum samples (200 serum samples per counties) from cattle farms without immunization in 11 counties of 9 regions were detected by using the ELISAmethod and RT-PCR method.
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡ELISA kit was used to detect the positive antibody rate of BVD, IBR and BRS of different cattle farms. The results showed that the highest IBR antibody positive rates in beef cattle farms,dairy farms, slaughterhouses, and free-range households were 31.2%, 31.7%, 24.5%, and 17.7%,respectively. With the analysis of the correlation between BVD, IBR and BRS antibody positive rates in each county (city), the positive rate of BVD antibody was significantly correlated withthe positive rate of BRS antibody at 0.05 levels. With the systematic cluster analysis of comparing the distance between the counties (cities), there was no regularity between the difference of BVD, IBR and BRS antibody positive rates and regional differences. The mixed infection of BVD, IBR and BRS in each county (city) indicated that the positive rate of BVD antibody was significantly correlated with the positive rate of BRS antibody, the mixed infectionwith BVD and IBR, the mixed infection with BVD and BRS, the mixed infection with IBR and BRS, and the mixed infection with BVD, IBR, and BRS. The statistical analysis of antibody positive rate in different areas showed that the antibody positive rate of BVD, BRS were higher in the west and lower in the east, and there was a significant correlation between the two diseases in different areas. Significant difference was observed in the positive rate of antibodybetween the two diseases in the semi-mountain area, the plain area and the pastoral area.
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡RT-PCR method was used to detect whether the antibody-positive serum contained viral nucleic acid or not. Results showed that the highest positive rate of dairy farms in IBR test was 26.8%; the highest positive rate of slaughterhouse in BVD test was 7.3%; the highest positive rate of dairy farms in BRS test was 8.3%.
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡By summaring the above results, we could more specifically understood the prevalence of BIR, BVD and BRS in Jilin Province. It was preliminarily confirmed that the three diseases were common in cattle in Jilin and the infection rate of IBR was higher. The relevant prevention and control suggestions were proposed to provide data support for reducing the occurrence of the three animal epidemics, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of the threeanimal epidemics.
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡Key words:   BVD, IBR, BRS, Epidemiological Investigation, Prevention and Control¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡Ç° ÑÔ
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¼ªÁÖÊ¡µØÓòÁÉÀ«£¬ÓÐɽµØ£¬°ëɽÇø£¬²ÝµØ¡¢ÄÁÇøµÈµØÐΣ¬ÆäÖвݳ¡×ÊÔ´×ÜÁ¿Îª 8762ÍòĶ£¬ÊÇÈ«¹ú 8 ´óÄÁÇøÖ®Ò»¡£ÓÉÓÚ¼ªÁÖÊ¡ÌØÊâµÄµØÀíÌØÕ÷£¬ÆäÌصãÊǶ«Äϲ¿Ã÷ÏÔÆ«¸ß£¬Î÷±±²¿Æ«µÍ£¬¿É·ÖΪ¶«²¿É½ÇøºÍÖÐÎ÷²¿Æ½Ô­Á½´óµØòÇø¡£²»Í¬µÄµØòÐÎ̬µ¼ÖÂÁËÅ©×÷Îï¸û×÷¼°ËÇÑøģʽµÄ²»Í¬¡£ÆäÖУ¬¶«²¿É½Çø·ÖΪ³¤°×ɽµÍɽÇøºÍµÍɽÇðÁêÇø¡£Å©¸ûÃæ»ýÆ«µÍ£¬Ö÷ÒªÒÔÈâÅ£ÑøֳΪÖ÷£¬¶à²ÉÓôº¡¢ÏÄ¡¢Çï¼¾·ÅÄÁ£¬¶¬¼¾ÉáËǵÄËÇÑøģʽ¡£ÖÐÎ÷²¿Æ½Ô­·ÖΪÖв¿Æ½Ô­ÇøºÍÎ÷²¿ÄÁÇø,Öв¿Æ½Ô­ÇøΪÖ÷Ҫũ¸ûÇø£¬ÒÔÈâÅ£ºÍÄÌÅ£ÑøֳΪÖ÷£¬¶à²ÉÓÃÉáËǵÄģʽ£»Î÷²¿ÄÁÇøΪ²ÝµØ¡¢ºþ²´¡¢ÊªµØ¡¢É³µØ£¬ÈâÅ£ÑøÖ³¶à²ÉÓð×Ìì·ÅÄÁ£¬Íí¼ä²¹Ëǵķ½Ê½£¬¶øÄÌÅ£ÑøÖ³Ö÷ÒªÒÔÉáËÇΪÖ÷¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡ÔÚËÇÑøÆ·ÖÖ·½Ã棬¾­¹ý¶àÄêÁ¼ÖÖÅàÓý£¬¼ªÁÖÊ¡¼ÈÓÐÑÓ»ÆÅ£¡¢²ÝÔ­ºìÅ£µÈµØ·½ÅàÓýÆ·ÖÖ£¬Ò²ÓÐÎ÷ÃÅËþ¶û¡¢ÀûľÔÞ¡¢ºÉ˹̹µÈ¸ÄÁ¼Æ·ÖÖ¡£½ØÖ¹µ½ 2017 ÄêÄ©¼ªÁÖÊ¡Å£´æÀ¸ 337.56 ÍòÍ·£¬³öÀ¸ 233.60 ÍòÍ·£¬ÔÚÈ«¹úÅÅÃûµÚÁù£¬ÆäÖÐÄÌÅ£´æÀ¸ 25 ÍòͷλÔÚÈ«¹úÅÅÃûµÚ 13 λ¡£È»¶øÓÉÓÚ¸÷µØÇøËÇÑøÀúÊ·¼°¾­¼Ã·¢Õ¹µÄ²îÒ죬ËÇÑøģʽ¡¢ËÇÑø¹æÄ£¡¢ËÇÑøÆ·ÖÖ¼°Á÷ͨ·½Ê½µÄ²»Í¬£¬¸÷µØÅ£µÄ´«È¾²¡·¢²¡ÌØÕ÷¶àÓвîÒ죬ÌرðÊǽüÄêÀ´Å£²¡¶¾ÐÔ¸¹Ðº¡¢Å£´«È¾ÐÔ±ÇÆø¹ÜÑס¢Å£ºôÎüµÀºÏ°ûÌ岡¡¢²¼Â³ÊϾú²¡¼°½áºË²¡µÈ¶àÖÖ´«È¾²¡¸øÑøÅ£³¡¼°¸öÌ廧Ôì³ÉÁ˾޴óµÄ¾­¼ÃËðʧ¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÔÚ¼ªÁÖÊ¡²¿·ÖµØÇø¿ªÕ¹Å£²¡¶¾ÐÔ¸¹Ðº¡¢Å£´«È¾ÐÔ±ÇÆø¹ÜÑס¢Å£ºôÎüµÀºÏ°ûÌ岡µÈ²¡¶¾ÐÔ´«È¾²¡µÄÁ÷Ðв¡Ñ§µ÷²é¼°·ÖÎö£¬Á˽âÕâ 3 ÖÖ´«È¾²¡ÔÚ¼ªÁÖÊ¡Á÷ÐÐÇé¿ö£¬·¢²¡Ìص㣬Ìá³öÓÐÕë¶ÔÐԵطÀÖδëÊ©£¬¶ÔÈ«Ê¡Å£²¡µÄ·ÀÖÎÒâÒåÖØ´ó¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡µÚһƪ ÎÄÏ××ÛÊö¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡Ëæ×ųÇÏç¾ÓÃñÊÕÈëµÄÌá¸ß£¬Å£Èâ¼°Å£ÈéµÄÏû·Ñ±ÈÀýÒ²ÔÚÎȲ½Ôö³¤£¬µ¼ÖÂÅ£Èâ¼Û¸ñ³ÖÐøÅÊÉý£¬ÑøÖ³³¡¼°¸öÌ廧µÄÉú²ú»ý¼«ÐÔÒ²ËæÖ®Ìá¸ß¡£×÷ΪÐóÄÁÒµ´óÊ¡£¬¼ªÁÖÊ¡ÈâÅ£¼°ÄÌÅ£µÄ´æÀ¸½üÄêÀ´ÏÔ×ÅÌá¸ß£¬µ«°üÀ¨Å£²¡¶¾ÐÔ¸¹Ðº¡¢Å£´«È¾ÐÔ±ÇÆø¹ÜÑס¢Å£ºôÎüµÀºÏ°ûÌ岡µÈ¶àÖÖ²¡¶¾ÐÔ´«È¾²¡Í¬ÑùÓ⻶ÏÉÏÉýµÄÊÆÍ·¡£¸ù¾ÝÅ©Òµ²¿°ä²¼µÄ¡¶Ò»¡¢¶þ¡¢ÈýÀදÎïÒß²¡²¡ÖÖÃû¼¡·£¬Å£´«È¾ÐÔ±ÇÆø¹ÜÑ×±»ÁÐΪ¶þÀදÎïÒß²¡£¬Å£²¡¶¾ÐÔ¸¹Ðº±»ÁÐΪÈýÀදÎïÒß²¡¡£Å£ºôÎüµÀºÏ°ûÌ岡Ëäδ±»ÁÐÈ룬µ«Á÷Ðз¶Î§Õý²»¶ÏÀ©´ó£¬Á÷ÐÐÂÊÃ÷ÏÔÌá¸ß¡£Á˽âÕâ 3 ÖÖÅ£²¡¶¾ÐÔ´«È¾²¡µÄ·¢²¡ÌØÕ÷¡¢Á÷ÐÐÌص㼰Õï¶Ï·½·¨£¬ÊÇÔÚ¼ªÁÖÊ¡²¿·ÖµØÇø¿ªÕ¹Á÷Ðв¡Ñ§µ÷²éÓë·ÖÎöµÄ»ù´¡£¬Ò²ÊÇÓÐÕë¶ÔÐÔµØÌá³ö·À¿Ø´ëÊ©µÄÖØÒªÊֶΡ£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡µÚÒ»Õ ţ²¡¶¾ÐÔ¸¹Ðº¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡1.1 ²¡Ô­Ñ§¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡1.1.1 ¸Å¿ö¡£

¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡Å£²¡¶¾ÐÔ¸¹Ðº£¨Õ³Ä¤²¡£©ÊÇÓÉÅ£²¡¶¾ÐÔ¸¹Ðº²¡¶¾£¨Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ,BVDV£©ÒýÆðÒ»ÖÖÒÔ·¢ÈÈ£¬Ïû»¯µÀð¤Ä¤ÃÓÀá¢À£ÑñºÍ»µËÀ£¬Î¸³¦Ñ׺͸¹ÐºÎªÖ÷ÒªÌØÕ÷[1]µÄ½Ó´¥ÐÔ´«È¾²¡¡£¸Ã²¡¸÷ÖÖÄêÁäµÄÅ£¶¼Ò׸ÐȾ£¬ÆäÖÐÒÔÓ×Á䶿ţÒ׸ÐÐÔ×î¸ß¡£1946 Äê Olafson µÈ[2]ÔÚÃÀ¹úŦԼÊ״η¢Ïָò¡´æÔÚ£¬1953 Äê Ramsey µÈ[3]ÔÚţȺÖз¢ÏÖÁËÒ»ÖÖÒÔ賦µÀ¹ã·ºµÄÀ£ÑñΪÃ÷ÏÔ²¡±äµÄÅ£²¡£¬Òò·¢²¡Âʵͣ¬ËÀÍöÂʸߣ¬ËìÃüÃûΪð¤Ä¤²¡(Mucosaldisease, MD) ¡£1971 Ä꣬ÃÀ¹úÊÞҽЭ»á½«ÕâÖÖ²¡ÃüÃûΪţ²¡¶¾ÐÔ¸¹Ðº/ð¤Ä¤²¡£¬¼ò³Æ BVD/MD¡£Ä¿Ç°£¬BVDÔÚÊÀ½ç·¶Î§Äڹ㷺·Ö²¼£¬±»¶à¸ö¹ú¼ÒÁÐΪ±ØÐë¾»»¯µÄ¶¯ÎïÒß²¡¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡1.1.2 Å£²¡¶¾ÐÔ¸¹Ðº·ÖÀàµØλ¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¸ù¾Ý 2005 Äê¹ú¼Ê²¡¶¾·ÖÀàµÄµÚ°Ë´Î±¨¸æ½« BVDV ÁÐΪ»Æ²¡¶¾¿Æ£¨Flaviviridae£©ÎÁ²¡¶¾Êô£¨Pestivirus£©³ÉÔ±£¬ÓëÖíÎÁ²¡¶¾£¨CSFV£©ºÍÑò±ß½ç²¡²¡¶¾£¨BDV£©Í¬Êô£¬ÎªÎÁ²¡¶¾ÊôµÄ´ú±í²¡¶¾¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡1.1.3 »ùÒò·ÖÐͼ°»ùÒò×é¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡BVDV ·ÖΪÁ½ÖÖÉúÎïÐÍ£¬·ÇÖÂϸ°û²¡±ä£¨NCP£©ºÍÖÂϸ°û²¡±ä£¨CP£©£¬ÕâÈ¡¾öÓÚ²¡¶¾ÊÇ·ñ»áÒýÆðϸ°ûµÄ²¡Àí¸Ä±ä[4]¡£NCP ²¡¶¾ÔÚϸ°ûÅàÑøÖв»ÒýÆðϸ°û²¡±äÓëÕý³£Ï¸°ûÐÎ̬һÑù£¬CP ²¡¶¾¿Éµ¼ÖÂϸ°ûÐγɿÕÅÝ£¬ºËŨËõ¡¢ÈܽâºÍËÀÍö¡£¸ù¾Ý²¡¶¾ÉúÎïÐÍ·ÖΪ¼±ÐÔ¡¢ÂýÐÔºÍÏÈÌìÐÔ¸ÐȾµÈ[5]¡£¸ù¾Ý²¡¶¾»ùÒò×é 5’·Ç±àÂëÇø£¨5’UTR£©µÄÐòÁУ¬BVDV ·ÖÁ½¸ö»ùÒòÐÍ BVDV1ºÍ BVDV2[6]¡£BVDV1¿É·ÖΪ 11 ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄ»ùÒòÐÍ BVDV1a-k£¬Ö÷ÒªÁ÷ÐеÄÑÇÐÍÊÇ 1a ºÍ 1b£¬´ú±í¾úÖê·Ö±ðΪ NADL ºÍ Osloss ÖꣻBVDV2µÄ´ú±í¶¾ÖêÊÇ 890 Öê¡£BVDV1ÆÕ±éÓÃÓÚ¼²²¡Õï¶ÏºÍÑо¿¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡BVDV »ùÒò×éΪµ¥¹ÉÕýÁ´ RNA£¬³¤ 12.3~12.5Kb£¬°üÀ¨ 5’UTR¡¢±àÂëÇøºÍ 3’UTR£¬·Ö±ð±àÂë p14£¨C£©¡¢gp48£¨Erns£©¡¢gp25£¨E1£©¡¢gp53£¨E2£©4 Öֽṹµ°°×ºÍ p7¡¢p10£¨NS4A£©¡¢p20£¨Npro£©¡¢p30£¨NS4B£©¡¢p58£¨NS5A£©¡¢p75£¨NS5B£©¡¢p125£¨NS2-3£©8 Öַǽṹµ°°×¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡ÆäÖУ¬5’UTR ³¤ 380~385bp£¬ÔÚ¸÷ÖÖ²¡¶¾ÐÔ¸¹Ðº²¡¶¾ÖêÖÖÖи߶ȱ£ÊØ£¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚ²¡¶¾¼ì²âºÍ·ÖÐ͵İлùÒò¡£BVDV1ºÍ BVDV2µÄ 5’UTR ²îÒìÂÊÔ¼ 10%¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡1.1.4 µ°°×ÖÊ×é¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡ÔÚ 4 Öֽṹµ°°×ÖУ¬ÓÉ BVDV ±àÂëµÄÇ°Ìåµ°°× PrgP140¾­µ°°×Ë®½âøµÄÇиîºÍÌÇ»ù»¯Ã¸µÄÐÞÊΣ¬±»¼Ó¹¤³É²¡¶¾½á¹¹µ°°× C¡¢Erns¡¢E1ºÍ E2¡£ÆäÖУ¬ErnsºÍ E2ΪÌÇ»ù»¯µ°°×[7]£¬¿ÉÓÕµ¼»úÌå±£»¤ÐÔÃâÒß·´Ó¦¡£E2µ°°×Òòº¬Óв¡¶¾µÄÖ÷ÒªµÄ¿¹Ô­¾ö¶¨´Ø£¬¾ö¶¨ BVDV ¿¹Ô­·´Ó¦²¢²ÎÓ벡¶¾µÄÄÒĤ½á¹¹¶ø¾ßÓÐ×îÇ¿µÄÃâÒßÔ­ÐÔ£¬Í¬Ê± E2µ°°×»¹½áºÏÅ£²¡¶¾ÐÔ¸¹Ðº²¡¶¾¿¹Ì壬½éµ¼ÃâÒßÖкͷ´Ó¦ºÍËÞÖ÷ʶ±ð¡¢Îü¸½£¬³ÉΪĿǰÑо¿µÄÖص㡣
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡ÔÚ 8 Öַǽṹµ°°×ÖУ¬P125¡¢NS4A¡¢NS4B ºÍ NS5A Ò»ÆðÐγɸ´ÖƸ´ºÏÎNS5B ÊÇ BVDVµÄ¸´ÖÆø¡£ÔÚ²¡¶¾¸´Öƹý³ÌÖУ¬P125¡¢NS4A¡¢NS4B¡¢NS5A¡¢ºÍ NS5B 5 Öַǽṹµ°°×ÊDZØÐèµÄ£¬¶ø Npro¡¢p7¡¢NS23 Öַǽṹµ°°×ÊǷDZØÐèµÄ¡£ÔÚ NCP Ð͸ÐȾϸ°ûÖУ¬P125ÒÔ³ÉÊìµÄµ°°×ÐÎʽ´æÔÚ£¬¶øÔÚ CP Ð͸ÐȾµÄϸ°ûÖУ¬³ýÁËÎȶ¨µÄ P125Í⻹¿ÉÒÔÔÚÆä 1 ¸öλµã¶ÏÁѲúÉú P45ºÍ P80µ°°×£¬ÓÐÑо¿±íÃ÷ P80ÔÚËùÓÐ CP Ð͸ÐȾϸ°ûÖоùÓдæÔÚ£¬¿ÉÄÜÓ벡¶¾µÄÖÂϸ°û²¡±ä×÷ÓÃÓйء£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡1.2 Á÷Ðв¡Ñ§¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡1.2.1 ´«È¾Ô´¡£

¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡BVDV ¸ÐȾµÄÖ÷Òª´«È¾Ô´ÊÇ»¼²¡¶¯ÎïºÍ´ø¶¾¶¯ÎÌرðÊǻָ´ÆÚµÄÅ£¿É´ø¶¾ 6 ¸öÔÂÊÇDZ·üµÄ´«È¾Ô´[8]¡£¶ÔÓÚ¸ÐȾÁË BVDV µÄÈÑÉïÅ£¿Éµ¼ÖÂÁ÷²ú£¬ÆäÁ÷²úÌ¥¶ùÒ²»á³ÉΪ´«È¾Ô´¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡ÔÚ±ÇÒº¡¢ÍÙÒº¡¢¾«Òº¡¢ÄòÒº¡¢ÈéÖ­ºÍÑÛÀáµÈ»¼²¡¶¯ÎïµÄÅÅйÎïºÍ·ÖÃÚÎƢÔàºÍ³¦ÏµÄ¤ÁܰͽáµÈ¼±ÐÔ¸ÐȾÆÚµÄ×éÖ¯Öоù¿É¼ì²âµ½ BVDV µÄ´æÔÚ£¬ÔÚѪÇåµÄÖкͿ¹ÌåºÍ°×ϸ°û²ãÖÐÒ²¿É·ÖÀëµ½ BVDV¡£Ñо¿±íÃ÷£¬ÈÑÉïÅ£ÔÚ 50~150d ¸ÐȾ BVDV£¬ÈçÄÜÕý³£·ÖÃ䣬Ôò³öÉúºóµÄ¶¿Å£³ÖÐø´ø¶¾µ½³ÉÄê[9]£¬ÇÒÎÞÃ÷ÏÔµÄÁÙ´²Ö¢×´£¬ÒòÎÞ±£»¤ÐÔ¿¹Ì廹ʼÖÕÅŶ¾ºÍ´ø¶¾³ÉΪ¸Ã²¡×îΣÏյĴ«È¾Ô´[10]¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡1.2.2 ´«²¥Ã½½é¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡BVDV ¿Éͨ¹ý¼ä½Ó»òÖ±½Ó½Ó´¥µÄ·½Ê½´«²¥£¬Ò»Ð©ÎüѪÀ¥³æÒ²ÊǸò¡µÄ´«²¥Í¾¾¶£¬µ«Ö÷ÒªÊÇͨ¹ýºôÎüµÀºÍÏû»¯µÀ¸ÐȾ´«²¥£¬Èç²Éʳ±» BVDV ÎÛȾµÄˮԴºÍËDzݶø¸ÐȾ¡£Ì¥¶ùµÄ¸ÐȾÖ÷ÒªÊÇͨ¹ýĸÌå´¹Ö±´«²¥£¬º¬Óв¡¶¾µÄ¾«Òº£¬Ö±³¦¼ì²é²»ÑϸñͬÑù¿ÉÒÔ´«²¥[11]¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡1.2.3 Ò׸ж¯Îï¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡ËùÓеÄÅ£¶¼ÊÇ BVD Ò׸ж¯ÎƷÖÖºÍÄêÁäûÓÐÃ÷ÏÔÇø·Ö£¬Ò»°ã 6~18 ¸öÔµĶ¿Å£×îÒ׸У¬ÈâÅ£±ÈÄÌÅ£½ÏÒ׸Ð[12]¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡1.2.4 Á÷ÐÐÌص㡣
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡BVD ¹ã·º·Ö²¼ÓÚÊÀ½ç¸÷µØ£¬³ÊµØ·½ÐÔÁ÷ÐУ¬ÔÚ¼¯Ô¼»¯·â±ÕµÄËÇÑøÅ£³¡ÖÐÍùÍù³Ê±¬·¢Ê½·¢²¡¡£¸Ã²¡Ò»°ãÔÚ´º¼¾ºÍ¶¬Ä©Îª¸ß·¢ÆÚ£¬¶ÔÓÚһЩÀÏÒßÇøÒþÐÔ¸ÐȾÂÊÔ¼ÔÚ 50%£¬ÇÒÓëÐÂÒßÇøÏà±È¼±ÐÔ²¡Àý½ÏÉÙ¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡1.2.5 ¹úÍâ BVDV Á÷ÐÐ×´¿ö¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡1946 Äê Olatson µÈÔÚÃÀ¹úŦԼÖÝÊ״ᨵÀ BVD ºó£¬°üÀ¨ÃÀ¹ú¡¢¼ÓÄôó¡¢Ó¢¹ú¡¢°Ä´óÀûÑÇ¡¢ÈÕ±¾¼°ÆäËü·ÇÖÞºÍÅ·ÖÞ¹ú¼Ò¶¼ÏȺó·¢ÏÖ¡£20 ÊÀ¼Í°Ë¾ÅÊ®Äê´ú£¬BVD ÔÚ±±ÃÀµÄ¸ÐȾÂÊΪ 50%~56%£¬ÃØ³Ϊ 50%~90%£»·¨¹úѪÇåѧÑôÐÔÂÊΪ 76%¡£1994 ÄêÃÀ¹úºÍ¼ÓÄôóÏà¼Ì·¢ÉúÖ²¡ÐÔÔöÇ¿µÄ BVDV2ÒßÇ飬µ¼ÖÂÅ£¼±ÐÔ³öѪÐÔ×ÛºÏÕ÷£¬ËÀÍöÂÊ´ïµ½ 25%¡£´ËÍ⣬BVDV1b ºÍ BVDV2b ÔÚÃÀ¹úºÍ¼ÓÄôóÒ²ÓÐÁ÷ÐС£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡1.2.6 ÎÒ¹ú BVDV µÄÁ÷ÐÐ×´¿ö¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡1984 ÄêÎÒ¹úÊ״δÓÁ÷²úÌ¥¶ùÆ¢ÔàÖзÖÀë²¢¼ø¶¨³öÒ»Öê BVDV£¬¼´ CC-184 Öꣻ1985ÄêËÄ´¨µØÇøºÄÅ£¸¹Ðº²¡ÁÏÖмì³ö¸Ã²¡¶¾£¬Ê×´ÎÖ¤Ã÷ÆäÔÚºÄÅ£ÖеĴæÔÚ¡£2008 Äê¹úÄÚÑо¿µ¥Î»µÚÒ»´Î´ÓÅ£ÌåÄÚ·ÖÀëµ½ BVDV2£¬Ö¤ÊµÁË BVDV2ÔÚÎÒ¹úµÄ´æÔÚ¡£Ëæ×ÅÑøÅ£ÒµµÄѸËÙ·¢Õ¹£¬BVD ÔÚÎÒ¹ú¶«±±¡¢»ª±±¡¢Î÷±±¡¢Î÷ÄϵȵØÇø¾ùÓб¨µÀ£¬ÇÒÁ÷ÐгÊÉÏÉýÇ÷ÊÆ¡£
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¾ÓÉÓÚ±¾ÆªÎÄÕÂΪ˶ʿÂÛÎÄ£¬ÈçÐèÈ«ÎÄÇëµã»÷µ×²¿ÏÂÔØÈ«ÎÄÁ´½Ó¡¿

¡¡¡¡1.3 ÁÙ´²Ö¢×´¼°Ö²¡»úÖÆ
¡¡¡¡1.4 ¼ì²â¼¼Êõ
¡¡¡¡1.5 Ô¤·ÀÓë¿ØÖÆ

¡¡¡¡µÚ¶þÕ ţ´«È¾ÐÔ±ÇÆø¹ÜÑ×

¡¡¡¡2.1 ²¡Ô­Ñ§
¡¡¡¡2.2 Á÷Ðв¡Ñ§
¡¡¡¡2.3 ÁÙ´²Ö¢×´¼°Ö²¡»úÖÆ
¡¡¡¡2.4 ¼ì²â¼¼Êõ
¡¡¡¡2.5 Ô¤·ÀÓë¿ØÖÆ

¡¡¡¡µÚÈýÕ ţºôÎüµÀºÏ°ûÌ岡

¡¡¡¡3.1 ²¡Ô­Ñ§
¡¡¡¡3.2 Á÷Ðв¡Ñ§
¡¡¡¡3.3 ÁÙ´²Ö¢×´
¡¡¡¡3.4 ¼ì²â¼¼Êõ
¡¡¡¡3.5 Ô¤·ÀÓë·À¿Ø

¡¡¡¡µÚ¶þƪ Ñо¿ÄÚÈÝ

¡¡¡¡µÚÒ»Õ ¼ªÁÖ²¿·ÖµØÇø 3 ÖÖÅ£²¡¶¾ÐÔ´«È¾²¡ÑªÇåѧ¼ì²â

¡¡¡¡1.1 ²ÄÁÏÓë·½·¨
¡¡¡¡1.1.1 Ö÷ÒªÒÇÆ÷É豸
¡¡¡¡1.1.2 ¼ì²âÊÔ¼ÁºÐ
¡¡¡¡1.1.3 ÑùÆ·²É¼¯

¡¡¡¡1.2 ½á¹û
¡¡¡¡1.2.1 òÔºÓÊÐ IBR¡¢BVD ºÍ BRS ¿¹Ìå¼ì²â½á¹û
¡¡¡¡1.2.2 ÁøºÓÏØ IBR¡¢BVD ºÍ BRS ¿¹Ìå¼ì²â½á¹û
¡¡¡¡1.2.3 ÓÜÊ÷ÊÐ IBR¡¢BVD ºÍ BRS ¿¹Ìå¼ì²â½á¹û
¡¡¡¡1.2.4 Å©°²µØÇø IBR¡¢BVD ºÍ BRS ¿¹Ìå¼ì²â½á¹û
¡¡¡¡1.2.5 ¶Ø»¯µØÇø IBR¡¢BVD ºÍ BRS ¿¹Ìå¼ì²â½á¹û
¡¡¡¡1.2.6 ÷ºÓ¿ÚµØÇø IBR¡¢BVD ºÍ BRS ¿¹Ìå¼ì²â½á¹û
¡¡¡¡1.2.7 ³¤ÁëµØÇø IBR¡¢BVD ºÍ BRS ¿¹Ìå¼ì²â½á¹û
¡¡¡¡1.2.8 ÀæÊ÷µØÇø IBR¡¢BVD ºÍ BRS ¿¹Ìå¼ì²â½á¹û2
¡¡¡¡1.2.9 ͨÓܵØÇø IBR¡¢BVD ºÍ BRS ¿¹Ìå¼ì²â½á¹û
¡¡¡¡1.2.10 ¹«Ö÷ÁëµØÇø IBR¡¢BVD ºÍ BRS ¿¹Ìå¼ì²â½á¹û
¡¡¡¡1.2.11 ¶«·áµØÇø IBR¡¢BVD ºÍ BRS ¿¹Ìå¼ì²â½á¹û
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡1.3 ͳ¼ÆÓë·ÖÎö
¡¡¡¡1.3.1 ¸÷ÏØ(ÊÐ)BVD¡¢IBR ¼° BRS ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂʽá¹û·ÖÎö
¡¡¡¡1.3.2 ²»Í¬µØÀíÇøÓò BVD¡¢IBR ¼° BRS ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂÊÏà¹ØÐÔ·ÖÎö
¡¡¡¡1.3.3 ¸÷ÏØ(ÊÐ)BVD¡¢IBR ¼° BRS ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂÊÏà¹ØÐÔ·ÖÎö
¡¡¡¡1.3.4 ¸÷ÏØ(ÊÐ) BVD¡¢IBR ºÍ BRS »ìºÏ¸ÐȾÇé¿ö

¡¡¡¡1.4 ÌÖÂÛ
¡¡¡¡1.4.1 ¸÷µØÇø BVD Á÷ÐÐÇé¿ö·ÖÎö
¡¡¡¡1.4.2 ¸÷µØÇø IBR µÄÁ÷ÐÐÇé¿ö·ÖÎö
¡¡¡¡1.4.3 ¸÷µØÇø BRS µÄÁ÷ÐÐÇé¿ö·ÖÎö
¡¡¡¡1.4.4 BVD¡¢IBR¡¢BRS Ïà¹ØÐÔ·ÖÎö
¡¡¡¡1.5 С½á
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡µÚ¶þÕ ¼ªÁÖµØÇø 3 ÖÖÅ£²¡¶¾ÐÔ´«È¾²¡·Ö×ÓÉúÎïѧ¼ì²â
¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡2.1 ²ÄÁÏÓë·½·¨
¡¡¡¡2.1.1 Ö÷ÒªÒÇÆ÷É豸
¡¡¡¡2.1.2 ÑùÆ·À´Ô´
¡¡¡¡2.1.3 Ö÷ÒªÊÔ¼Á
¡¡¡¡2.1.4 ʵÑé·½·¨
¡¡¡¡2.2 ½á¹û
¡¡¡¡2.3 ÌÖÂÛ
¡¡¡¡2.4 С½á

¡¡¡¡½á ÂÛ

¡¡¡¡1.±¾Ñо¿Í¨¹ýµ÷²é¼ªÁÖÊ¡ÄÚµÄ 11 ¸öÏØ£¨ÊУ©Çø³é²éÈâÅ£³¡¡¢ÄÌÅ£³¡¡¢ÍÀÔ׳¡¡¢É¢Ñø»§¼ì²â IBR¡¢BVD¡¢BRS µÄ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂÊ£¬Á˽âÿ¸öÏØ£¨ÊУ©ÇøµÄ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂÊÇé¿ö£¬Í³¼Æ IBR¡¢BVD¡¢BRS µÄ×ÜÌåƽ¾ù¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂÊ·Ö±ðΪ 28%¡¢8.3%¡¢11.2%¡£

¡¡¡¡2.ͨ¹ýͳ¼Æ·ÖÎö BVD¡¢IBR¡¢BRS ÔÚ°ëɽÇø¡¢Æ½Ô­Çø¡¢ÄÁÇø²»Í¬µÄËÇÑøģʽºÍ¹æÄ£µÈ£¬ÄÁÇøµÄÕâÈýÖÖ²¡¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂÊ×î¸ß£¬¿ÉÄÜÓÉÓÚµØÀíλÖû·¾³ÒòËØÔì³ÉµÄ£¬Ò²¿ÉÄÜÊÇÄÁÇøËÇÑøÅäÌ×ÉèÊ©ÀÏ»¯£¬»¹ÓоÍÊÇ´«Í³µÄËÇÑøģʽûÓпÆѧ»¯ÏµÍ³»¯µÄ¹ÜÀí¼°ËÇÑøģʽµ¼Öµġ£

¡¡¡¡3.BVD µÄ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂʳýÓë BRS µÄ¿¹ÌåÑôÐÔÂÊÏÔ×ÅÏà¹ØÍ⣬»¹Óë BVD¡¢IBR »ìºÏ¸ÐȾ£¬BVD¡¢BRS »ìºÏ¸ÐȾ£¬IBR¡¢BRS »ìºÏ¸ÐȾ£¬BVD¡¢IBR¡¢BRS »ìºÏ¸ÐȾ¾ùÏÔ×ÅÏà¹Ø¡£

¡¡¡¡4.¼ªÁÖÊ¡ÄÚµÄ 11 ¸öÏØ£¨ÊУ©Çø³é²éÈâÅ£³¡¡¢ÄÌÅ£³¡¡¢ÍÀÔ׳¡¡¢É¢Ñø»§¼ì²â IBR¡¢BVD¡¢BRS µÄѪÇ忹ÌåÑôÐÔÑùÆ·£¬½øÒ»²½½øÐв¡Ô­ºËËá¼ì²â IBR¡¢BVD¡¢BRS µÄ×ÜÌåƽ¾ùÑôÐÔÂÊΪ 17%¡¢5%¡¢6.5%¡£

¡¡¡¡²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×

×÷Õßµ¥Î»£º¼ªÁÖÅ©Òµ´óѧ
Ô­Îijö´¦£º¸ßíµ. ¼ªÁÖµØÇøÈýÖÖÅ£²¡¶¾ÐÔ´«È¾²¡µÄÁ÷Ðв¡Ñ§µ÷²é[D].¼ªÁÖÅ©Òµ´óѧ,2019.
µã»÷ÏÂÔØÈ«ÎÄ
Ïà¹ØÄÚÈÝÍƼö
Ïà¹Ø±êÇ©£º
·µ»Ø£ºÊÞҽ˶ʿÂÛÎÄ