·¨ÕÜѧÂÛÎÄ

Äúµ±Ç°µÄλÖãºÑ§ÊõÌà > ·¨Ñ§ÂÛÎÄ > ·¨ÕÜѧÂÛÎÄ >

·¨ÂÉÍÆÀí¹ý³ÌÖдóÇ°ÌáºÍСǰÌáµÄ½¨¹¹(2)

À´Ô´£ºÑ§ÊõÌà ×÷ÕߣºÖÜÀÏʦ
·¢²¼ÓÚ£º2015-12-29 ¹²9968×Ö

¡¡¡¡·¨ÂÉÊÂʵµÄÈ·ÈÏÉæ¼°·¨ÂɵĶ¨ÐÔ£¬´Ë¼äÓ¦µ±ÌÞ³ýÄÇЩÎ޹صÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÔÚÊÂʵµÄÕûÀí¡¢É¸Ñ¡¡¢Ê¶±ðÓëÈ·ÈÏÖУ¬Ê¹Ö®Óë·¨Âɹ淶ƥÅä¡£ÐèÒª½«·¨ÂÉÊÂʵÓë·¨Âɹ淶½øÐÐÓÐЧ¶Ô½Ó£¬´ÓÊÂʵÖзÖÀëÓëÈ·ÈÏ£¬Í¨¹ý·ÖÎö¸ö°¸µÄ¾ßÌåÇéÐΣ¬¹ýÂËÄÇЩ·ÇʵÖÊÐÔÒªËØ£¬´ÙʹСǰÌáÖеķ¨ÂÉÊÂʵÓë´óÇ°ÌáÖеķ¨Âɹ淶ͨ¹ýÖнé½øÐÐÁ´½Ó£¬Ê¹Ö®³ÉΪÂß¼­ÒâÒåÉϾßÓб£ÕæÐÔÓëÒ»ÖÂÐÔµÄÍÆÀí¡£´óÇ°ÌáËùÔ¤ÉèµÄÊÂʵ£¬ÐèÒª´ÓÌض¨µÄ°¸Çé³ö·¢À´½øÐжԱÈÒÔÈ·¶¨ÓëÖ®×îÃÜÇÐÁªÏµµÄ·¨ÂɹæÔò¡£ÔÚ·¨ÂÉÊÂʵµÄÈ·ÈÏÖУ¬ÐèҪΧÈÆ·¨ÂɹæÔò½øÐУ¬Í¨¹ý·¨ÂÉÄâÖÆ¡¢È¨ÀûÍƶ¨¡¢Òò¹û¹ØϵÍƶ¨µÈ¹æÔòÀ´È·¶¨Ð¡Ç°Ìᡣͬʱ£¬ÐèÒª½«Æձ顢³éÏóµÄ·¨Âɹ淶Óë¾ßÌå¸ö°¸ÊÂʵ½áºÏÆðÀ´·ÖÎö¡¢ÑÐÅÐÓëÕûÀí£¬ÒÔʵÏÖ·¨Âɹ淶¶ÔÔ¤ÉèÊÂʵµÄµ÷Õû¡£·¨Âɹ淶ΪʵÏÖÓÐÐò¼Ü¹¹£¬Í¨³£Ô¤ÉèÁ˽«À´¿ÉÄܳöÏÖµÄһЩ¾ßÌåÊÂʵ»òÕßÊÂʵÀàÐÍ£¬Ê¹µÃÊܵ½Ô¤Éè¸ÃÊÂʵµÄ·¨Âɹ淶µÃÒÔÓÐЧµ÷Õû¡£°ÑÌØÊ⺭Éãµ½ÆÕ±é֮ϣ¬Õâ¸ö¹ý³Ì¾ÍÊÇ¿µµÂËù˵µÄ“¹æ¶¨ÐÔµÄÅжÏÁ¦”[6]55.

¡¡¡¡ÔÚ¸ö°¸ÊÂʵÖУ¬Èç¹ûÓöµ½·¨Âɹ淶ÓЩ¶´ÓëȱÏÝʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔ¿¼ÂÇ´Ó·¨ÂÉ·¢Õ¹ÊӽǶԷ¨ÂÉÔ­Ôò½øÐÐӦȻÐԵĽâÊÍÓë˵·þ¡£·¨ÂÉÍÆÀí»î¶¯±ØÐë½ÓÊÜÏÖÐз¨ÂɵÄÑϸñÏÞÖÆ£¬ÍÆÀí½á¹û±ØÐë½ÓÊÜÏÖÐз¨ÂÉÌåϵ¼ìÑ飬Éæ¼°·¨ÂÉʵʩÖеÄʵȻÐÔ£¬Ò²¹ØÁª·¨ÂɵÄӦȻÐÔ¡£·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíÖУ¬°üÀ¨²»Í¬²ãÃæµÄÊÂʵÓë½áÂÛÖ®¼äµÄÍù·µ£¬ÐèÒª²»¶ÏµØ¿¼ÂÇÊÂʵºÍ·¨ÂÉÖ®¼äµÄÏ໥¹Øϵ£¬ÏÈÊÇ´ÓÊÂʵµ½·¨ÂÉ£¬¶øºóÊÇ´Ó·¨Âɻص½ÊÂʵ¡£´Ó·¨ÂɹØϵ½Ç¶È¶ÔÊÂʵ½øÐÐÆÊÎöºÍ²Ã¼ô£¬Ê¹µÃ·¨ÂÉÊÂʵ´ÓÉú»îÊÂʵÖнøÐÐÓÐЧ·ÖÀ룬ÁíÍâÔÚ¶Ô·¨Âɹ淶ڹÊÍʱʵÏÖ·¨ÂÉÊÂʵµÄÈ·ÈÏ¡£Ö»ÓÐͨ¹ýÈý¶ÎÂÛ¼°Æ亭ÉãÅжϣ¬½ø¶øÓÐЧ±í´ï·¨ÂÉÊÂʵ¶Ô¹æ·¶µÄʶ±ðÒÔ¼°·¨Âɹ淶¶Ô·¨ÂÉÊÂʵµÄÔÙÈÏʶ£¬²ÅÄÜ×îÖÕÑ¡¶¨´óÇ°ÌᲢȷ¶¨Ð¡Ç°Ìá¡£

¡¡¡¡Èý¡¢Ì½Çó¸ö°¸ÊÂʵºÍ·¨Âɹ淶֮¼ä¹´Á¬µÄºÏÀí·¾¶Óë·½·¨¡£

¡¡¡¡·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíÔÚÊÂʵ¡¢¹æ·¶Óë¼ÛÖµÌåϵÖÐ×·Çó¿ÉÔ¤ÆÚÐÔÓëÒ»ÖÂÐÔ£¬ÔÚ»ù´¡Ö÷Òå¡¢Âß¼­ÀíÐԺͿÆѧ˼άµÄÀíÐÔÊÀ½çÕÒµ½ÁË·¨Àí»ù´¡¡£·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíÔڹ淶ʶ±ð¡¢ÊÂʵÈ϶¨¡¢¼ÛÖµÖع¹µÈ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Éæ¼°ÈÏʶÂÛ¡¢·½·¨ÂÛÓë±¾ÌåÂÛ£¬ÒÀÕÕϵͳÐÔ¡¢¹æ·¶»¯ÓëÒ»ÖÂÐÔµÄÔ­Ôò£¬Ê¹¸ö°¸ÉóÅÐÕÒµ½×î¼ÑÆ¥ÅäµÄ·¨Âɹ淶Óë·¨ÂɹæÔò¡£ÔÚ·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíÖУ¬Ð¡Ç°ÌáµÄ½¨¹¹²¢²»ÊÇÒ»¸öµ¥´¿µÄÊÂʵ׷ËݺÍÈ϶¨£¬»¹ÐèÒª¹Ø×¢·¨Âɹ淶¶Ô·¨ÂÉÊÂʵµÄʶ±ðÓëÊÊÓá£ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½£¬Á´½ÓÐèÒª¶à´ÎÄ¥ºÏÓëÆ¥Å䣬¶øÇÒÐèҪ֤αÓë֤ʵµÄ·´¸´Ê¹Ó㬸ö°¸·¨ÂÉÊÂʵµÄСǰÌáÐèÒªÕç±ðÓëÑÐÅУ¬ÒÔÈ·ÈÏ·¨ÂÉÊÂʵÓë·¨Âɹ淶µÄ¶Ô½ÓÓëÆ¥Åä¡£

¡¡¡¡´Ó·¨Âɹ淶²ãÃ浽˾·¨ÉóÅеÄʵ¼ù²ãÃæתÏòÊÇÏÖ´ú·¨Ñ§Ëù¹Ø×¢µÄÈȵãÎÊÌ⣬×ÔÈ»Éæ¼°µ½·¨Âɹ淶Óë·¨ÂÉÊÂʵ֮¼äµÄ¶ÔÓ¦ÓëÁ÷ת£¬Ê¹·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíµÄ´óÇ°ÌáÓëСǰÌáÖ®¼äµÄº­Éã¹ØϵµÃÒÔÈ·Á¢¡£ÔÚ·¨ÂÉÊÊÓõĹý³ÌÖУ¬¶ÔÊÂʵµÄÕûÀí£¨ È·¶¨Ð¡Ç°Ìᣩ ¡¢¶Ô´óÇ°ÌáµÄÈ·¶¨£¨ Ñ¡Ôñ²¢½âÊ;ßÌåµÄ·¨Âɹ淶£© ÒÔ¼°´óСǰÌáÖ®¼äµÄÁ´½Ó¹ý³ÌÊǶ¯Ì¬µÄÕûÌå¹ý³Ì£¬Ò²ÊÇÒ»¸ö»¥¶¯µÄ¹ý³Ì¡£ÕýÈçÀ­Â×´ÄËùÖ¸³öµÄ£¬Ð¡Ç°ÌáµÄÅжϹý³Ì£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏÊǹ淶ÊÊÓõĹý³Ì£¬Ò²Êǹ淶¾ßÌ廯µÄ¹ý³Ì[7]163.׼ȷÈ϶¨Ð¡Ç°Ìá¼ÈÊÇÒ»¸öÊÂʵÈ϶¨µÄ¹ý³Ì£¬Ò²ÊÇ-¸öÕÒ·¨µÄ¹ý³Ì£¬Ð¡Ç°ÌáµÄÈ·ÈϱØÐëÔÚÊÂʵÓë¹æ·¶¼ä»¥¶¯£¬×îÖÕʵÏÖ·¨ÂÉÊÂʵҪ¼þÓë·¨Âɹ淶Ҫ¼þ¼äµÄ½»»¥Á÷ת¡£·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíÉ漰ijÖÖÔ­Àí¡¢Ô­Ôò¡¢¹æÔò¡¢¸ÅÄîµÈһЩ»ù±¾ÀíÄ»á²Î¿¼Ò»¶¨µÄÉç»á¼ÛÖµ¹ÛÓë·¨ÂÉÐÅÄî¡£·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíµÄÖص㲻½ö½öÂú×ãÓÚ´ÓÇ°Ìáµ½½áÂÛµÄÍƵ¼£¬¶øÇÒÒýµ¼ÈËÃÇÈçºÎΧÈÆ·¨ÂÉÓëÊÂʵչ¿ªÂÛÖ¤¡£·¨Âɹ淶ÔÚ¶àÔª·¨ÂÉÐÎʽÖоÓÓÚÖÐÖáλÖã¬Õ¼¾Ý×îÖØÒªµÄµØ룬¶ÔÆäËû·¨ÂɹØϵÓÐ×ÅÖÆÔ¼ÓëÒýµ¼×÷Óá£Òò´Ë£¬ÐèÒª¿¼Á¿ÈçºÎÔÚ·¨Âɹ淶µÄÆÕ±éÐÔÌØÖÊÓë¸ö°¸ÊÂʵµÄ¾ßÌåÐÔÌØÖÊÖ®¼äÕÒµ½Á´½Óµã¡£¢Ù·¨ÂÉÊÂʵºÍ·¨Âɹ淶µÄ¶Ô½Ó£¬ÐèÒª¶à´ÎÖظ´ÓëÑÐÅУ¬ÔÚÊÂʵÓë¹æ·¶¼äÁ÷ת£¬ÒÔÐγɶԷ¨ÂÉÊÂʵÓë·¨Âɹ淶µÄÍêÕûÐÔ¿¼²ì¡£·¨ÂÉÊÂʵµÄÈ·ÈÏÓÐÖúÓÚ´óÇ°ÌáµÄ½¨¹¹£¬ÕâÒ»¹ý³ÌÕÑʾ×Å·¨ÂÉÊÂʵÓÐЧÄÉÈëµ½·¨Âɹ淶ÖС£ÕâÑù±³¾°Ï²úÉúµÄ´óÇ°ÌᡢСǰÌᣬʹµÃÍÆÀíµÄÒ»ÖÂÐÔÓë±£ÕæÐÔµÃÒÔÈ·ÈÏ¡£

¡¡¡¡±ØÐë×¢Öظö°¸·¨ÂÉÊÂʵ²ãÃæµÄÑо¿£¬×¢Öؾ­Ñéʵ֤£¬ÔÚÆä»ù±¾Ô­ÔòºÍ¹æÔò¿ò¼ÜÏ£¬Ì½Çó·¨ÂÉÊÂʵÓë·¨Âɹ淶¡¢´óÇ°ÌáÓëСǰÌáÖ®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ¡£ÔÚÊÊÓõÄʱºò£¬Èç¹ûÏëÒªÍêÈ«·ñ¶¨Ä³¸ö·¨Âɹ淶µÄÊÊÓ㬱ØÐëÈ«ÃæµØ¿¼²ì·¨ÂÉÊÂʵÊÇ·ñÓе¼Ö¸÷¨Âɹ淶ÊÊÓõĹ¹³ÉÒª¼þ²»Äܹ»Âú×ãµÄÒòËØ¡£·¨Âɹ淶ÊÇÒ»°ãÐԵĹæÔò£¬Æä±í´ïͨ³£¶¼ÊǽÏΪ³éÏóµÄ£¬ÆäËùÖ¸´úµÄÊÂʵÍùÍùÒ²ÊÇÀàÐÍ»¯µÄÊÂʵ¶ø·Ç¾ßÌåµÄÊÂʵ¡£ËùÒÔ£¬³£³£ÐèÒª½èÖú·¨ÂɽâÊÍ£¬½«¾ßÌå·¨Âɹ淶µÄÊÊÓ÷¶Î§¡¢ÊÊÓöÔÏó¡¢Á¢·¨Ä¿µÄ¡¢¹¹³ÉÒª¼þ¡¢·¨Âɺó¹ûµÈÄÚÈݾßÌ廯¡£µÂ¹úѧÕß Fikentscher Ò²Ö¸³ö£¬¶ÔÓÚ·¨Âɹ淶£¬¼´“´óÇ°Ìá”,ӦΪÁ˺­ÉãµÄÐèÒª£¬“½áºÏ¾ßÌåÊÂʵÒÔÌض¨µÄ·½Ê½¼ÓÒÔ´¦Àí”; ¹æ·¶ÐèÒª“ÒÀ¾ÝÊÂʵÒòËؾ¡¿ÉÄÜÓèÒÔ¾ßÌ廯”; “ÐèÒª¶Ôº­ÉãµÄ´óÇ°Ìá¼ÓÒÔ¾ßÌ廯……Ö±µ½º­Éã¿ÉÒÔ½øÐД[8]143.ÔÚÕÒ·¨µÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÕâÖÖ¾ßÌ廯³Ì¶ÈÔ½¸ß£¬¹æ·¶Óë¾ßÌå°¸¼þµÄ¶ÔÓ¦ÐÔÒ²¾ÍÔ½¸ß¡£

¡¡¡¡ËÄ¡¢±¾ÌåÂÛÓëÈÏʶÂÛÊÓÓòÏ·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíµÄºÏÀíÐÔתÏò¡£

¡¡¡¡·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíÖ¼ÔÚʹ¶À¶ÏÓë·ÇÀíÐÔµÄÒâÖ¾¸ÉÔ¤×îС»¯£¬Ë¾·¨¹ý³ÌµÄ¸´ÔÓÐÔ¾ö¶¨ÁË·¨ÂÉÍÆÀí·½·¨µÄ¶àÑùÐÔÓë¶ÔËüµÄ²»Í¬Àí½â£¬¶ÔÓÚ·¨ÂÉÍÆÀí´óÇ°ÌáµÄ½¨¹¹£¬Éæ¼°·¨ÂɹæÔòµÄ¾ßÌåʱ¿Õ£¬¶ÔÓÚ·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíСǰÌáµÄ½¨¹¹£¬±ØÐë¹Ø×¢·¨ÂÉÊÂʵµÄÈ·ÈÏ£¬±ÜÃâÖ÷¹ÛµÄ¡¢·ÇÀíÐԵĻ¡£·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíÉæ¼°·¨ÂÉÊÂʵȷÈÏ¡¢·¨Âɹ淶ѰÕÒ¡¢·¨ÂɹæÔò½âÊÍ¡¢ÊÂʵÓë·¨Âɹ淶Á´½Ó¡¢²ÃÅнáÂÛµÄÈ·¶¨µÈÄÚÈÝ£¬ÎÞÂÛ´ÓÐÎʽÀíÐÔ»¹ÊÇ´ÓʵÖÊÀíÐÔÉÏ£¬ÆäÖØÐıØÐë·ÅÔÚ´óÇ°ÌáºÍСǰÌáÖ®¼äµÄ¹ØÁªÐÔÉÏ¡£

¡¡¡¡ÐÎʽÂß¼­¹ØÓÚÈý¶ÎÂ۵ĴóÇ°ÌᡢСǰÌá¡¢Á´½ÓµÄ»®·Ö£¬ÔڽṹÀí·ÉÏÇåÎúÃ÷È·£¬µ«ÔÚ¾ßÓÐʵ¼ùÀíÐԵķ¨ÂÉÍÆÀíÖУ¬´ÓÑ°ÕÒÊÂʵÓë·¨ÂɵÄÁªÏµÐÔ¶øÑÔÐèÒª²»¶ÏµØÔËÓ÷¨ÂɶÔÓйØÊÂʵ¼ÓÒÔÆÀ¼Û£¬Òò´ËÕâÖÖ»®·ÖÓÐʱ»áÇ÷ÓÚ²»È·¶¨ÐÔºÍÄ£ºýÐÔ¡£´Ó·¨ÂÉÊÂʵµ½ÉóÅнáÂÛ£¬Èç¹ûȱ·¦Âß¼­ÍÆÀí£¬ÄÇô¾Í±ØÐ뽨Á¢ÆðÊÂʵÓë¹æ·¶Ö®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ£¬½«Ìض¨µÄÊÂʵºÍÌض¨µÄ·¨Âɹ淶ÏàÁªÏµ¡£

¡¡¡¡·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíÐèÒª×ñÑ­Âß¼­ÍÆÀíµÄ»ù±¾·¶Ê½¡¢¹æÔòÓë³ÌÐò¡£Âß¼­ÍÆÀí¾ßÓÐÍêÕûµÄÌåϵ£¬ÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄÓïÓÃÐÎʽ¡¢·ûºÅÌåϵ¡¢¸³Öµ·½·¨ºÍ¼ÆË㹫ʽ£¬ÆäÍÆÀí¾ßÓÐϵͳÄÚ²¿µÄÑ­»·ÐԺͷâ±ÕÐÔ¡£·¨ÂÉÍÆÀí×¢ÖØÐÎʽÂß¼­ÒâÒåÉϵÄÖÜÑÓ£¬µ«·¨ÂÉÍÆÀí²»Í¬ÓÚÂß¼­ÍÆÀí£¬Âß¼­ÍÆÀíÕÚ±ÎÁ˸ö°¸ÊÂʵµÄÌØÖÊ¡£¿ÆÒò£¨ Coing£© ÈÏΪ£¬ÈËÀàËùÓо«Éñ»î¶¯µÄ³É¹û£¬¶¼±ØÐë͸¹ýÓïÑÔ¶ø²úÉú¡¢´æÐø£¬Í¸¹ýÓïÑÔµÄý½é£¬Ë¼Î¬ÓëÀí½â£¬·½ÓÐÆä´æÔڵĻù´¡£¬Ò»Çз¨Âɹ淶¶¼±ØÐëÒÔÓïÑÔµÄÐÎʽ±í´ï³öÀ´[9]72.ÓïÑԵľÖÏÞÐÔ¾ö¶¨ÁËÎÄÒå½âÊ͵ĽáÂÛ¿ÉÄܲ¢²»È·¶¨ºÍΨ-,¾¡¹Ü¸÷ÖÖ½âÊÍ·½·¨µÄÔËÓÃÓÐÒ»¶¨µÄ˳Ðò£¬µ«ÊÇÕâÖÖ˳Ðò²¢·Ç¹Ì¶¨µÄ¡¢Ç¿ÖÆÐԵģ¬½âÊÍÕßÈÔÈ»ÓÐ×ÔÓÉÑ¡ÔñµÄ¿Õ¼ä¡£ÔÚÏÖ´úÉç»áÖУ¬¼ÛÖµ¶àÔªµÄÏÖÏóÖ±½Óµ¼Ö¶àÔª»¯µÄ¹æÔòÑ¡Ôñ£¬×îÖÕ²úÉú¸´Êý½âÊÍ¡£

¡¡¡¡·¨ÂÉÐèÒªÔÚ¿ª·ÅµÄÌåϵÖÐ֤ʵÓë֤ᣬÐí¶à·¨ÂÉÎÊÌâÔÚÍÆÀíÓëÂÛÖ¤ÖÐÓöµ½À§¾³£¬Æäʵ¹é¸ù½áµ×¾ÍÊÇÊÜÖÆÓÚ´«Í³Âß¼­·½·¨µÄ¾ÖÏÞÐÔ£¬Òò´ËÓбØҪ̽ÌÖ·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíµÄ½á¹¹Ó봫ͳÍÆÀíÒâÒåµÄ·Ö»¯£¬´Ó¶ø°ÚÍÑÐÎʽÂß¼­µÄ´¿´âÀíÐÔת¶ø¹Ø×¢¾ßÌå¸ö°¸Êµ¼ùµÄ·½·¨¡£ÔÚ˾·¨ÉóÅÐÖÐÈç¹û´æÔÚ¹ý¶ÈÖØÊÓ¼ÛÖµÅжÏÓë×ÔÓɲÃÁ¿¶øÇáÊÓÈý¶ÎÂÛÔËÓÃÓëÖÆԼʱ£¬ÈÝÒ×µ¼Ö·¨ÂÉÊÂʵÓë·¨Âɹ淶µÄÍѽڣ¬Ê¹µÃÈý¶ÎÂÛ»ù±¾·ÖÎö¿ò¼Ü×ßÐΡ£

¡¡¡¡·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíÔÚÃæ¶ÔÐÎʽÕýÒ塢ʵÖÊÕýÒå¡¢³ÌÐòÕýÒåÓëʵÌåÕýÒåʱ£¬ÃæÁÙÐÎʽÀíÐÔÓëʵÖÊÀíÐÔµÄÀ§¾³¡£ÔÚÓïÑÔÆçÒåÐÔÓë·¨Âɲ»ÖÜÑÓÐÔÉÏ£¬¶Ô·¨ÂÉÊÂʵµÄ¿Ì»­Óë·¨Âɹ淶µÄÈÏÖªÉÏÒ²»áÓöµ½À§¾³£¬×÷Ϊ·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíÇ°ÌáÖеĴó¡¢Ð¡Ç°Ìá¾ÍÃæÁÙ²»È·¶¨ÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔµ¥´¿ÔÚÐÎʽÂß¼­ÒâÒåÉϽøÐз¨ÂÉÍÆÀí¾ÍÃ÷ÏÔ´æÔÚȱÏÝ¡£·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíµÄÔË×÷ÓÐÀµÓÚÂß¼­ÔËËãͬʱҲÐèҪ˼¿¼Êµ¼ùÀíÐÔ¡£ÔÚ¼ÛÖµÅжÏ×·ËÝ¡¢·¨ÂɽâÊÍ¡¢ÀíÄîƽºâ¡¢Àà±È·½·¨µÈ˾·¨¼¼ÊõÔËÓÃÖУ¬±ØÐëʼÖÕΧÈÆ·¨ÂÉÌõÎÄÕâ¸öÖÐÖᣬÔÚ·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíÖÐÌåÏֺϷ¨ÐÔÓëºÏÀíÐÔµÄƽºâ¡£ÕâÒâζ×Å×÷Ϊ·¨ÖÎÈý¶ÎÂÛ´óÇ°ÌáµÄ·¨ÂɾßÓÐÕûºÏÐÔ£¬ÊǶԸ÷ÖÖ·¨ÂÉ·½·¨×ÛºÏÓ¦ÓõĽá¹û¡£·¨ÂÉÍÆÀí»ùÓÚ´óСǰÌá¼äµÄ¹´Á¬ÐγÉÍêÕûµÄÂß¼­Á´Ìõ¡£¾ÍÍÆÀíÐÎʽ¶øÑÔ£¬Èý¶ÎÂÛ±¾ÉíÊÇ“´«µÝÐÔ”»ù±¾ÊýѧԭÀí£¨ basic mathemat-ical principle of transitivity£© µÄÖ±½ÓÔËÓá£Æä¿ÉÒÔ¾ßÌå±íʾΪ£º Èç¹û A = B,²¢ÇÒ B = C,ÄÇô A = C,¼´Èç¹ûÁ½¸öÊÂÎﶼÓëµÚÈý¸öÊÂÎïÏàµÈ£¬ÔòËüÃÇ×Ô¼ºÒ²ÏàµÈ¡£´«µÝÐÔÔ­ÀíÊÇÎÒÃǶ¼ÏàÐŵ«ÓÖÎÞ·¨ÇáÒ×Ö¤Ã÷µÄ¶¨Àí¡£ÏàÓ¦µØ£¬Èý¶ÎÂÛÒ²¾Í³ÉΪÎÒÃÇÂÛÖ¤µÄ×îºÃ°ì·¨[10]5.

¡¡¡¡·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíËùÉæ¼°µÄ´óÇ°ÌᡢСǰÌáÓë½áÂÛ£¬²¢·ÇÊǶÀÁ¢Ó뾲̬µÄ£¬¶øÊÇÏ໥¹ØÁªÓ붯̬µÄ¡£·¨ÂÉÍÆÀí¹ØÓÚ´óÇ°ÌáÓëСǰÌáÖ®¼äµÄÕâÖÖÔË×÷²»Ïñµ¥´¿ÐÎʽÂß¼­²ãÃæµÄ±£ÕæÐÔÔËË㣬¶øÊÇÐèÒª³ä·Ö¿¼ÂǹØÓÚ´óÇ°Ìá¹¹³ÉµÄ·¨Âɹ淶ÓëСǰÌá¹¹³ÉµÄ·¨ÂÉÊÂʵ֮¼äµÄ¹´Á¬Óë¶ÔÓ¦£¬ÕâЩÏÔÈ»¶¼ÊÇÂß¼­Èý¶ÎÂÛËù²»¾ßÓеġ£ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½£¬Ë¾·¨Èý¶ÎÂÛ¼ÈÊÇÒ»ÖÖÂß¼­ÔË×÷·½Ê½£¬¸üÊÇÒ»ÖÖ·¨ÂÉ˼ά·½Ê½¡£

¡¡¡¡ÐÎʽÂß¼­µÄ±£ÕæÐÔÔÚ˼άÒâÒåÉϾßÓÐÎÞ¿ÉÕù±çµÄÁ¦Á¿£¬Ê¹ÒìÖÊ˼ά¹é»¯²¢×ßÏòºÏÀí£¬µ«ÊÇÖ»ÓжԻ°Âß¼­¶ø·ÇÐÎʽÂß¼­²ÅÊÇ´ïÖÂÕæÀíµÄ·¾¶¡£ÐÎʽÂß¼­µÄ¾ÖÏÞÐÔÒ²ÊÇÏÔ¶øÒ×¼ûµÄ£¬·¨ÂɱØÐëÃæ¶ÔÐÎʽÀíÐÔÓëʵ¼ùÀíÐÔµÄË«ÖØ¿¼Á¿¡£·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíµÄ´óÇ°ÌáÓëСǰÌáÓÉÓÚ·¨ÂÉÊÂʵµÄÈ·ÈÏ´æÔÚ¸´ÔÓÐÔÓ벻ȷ¶¨ÐÔ£¬·¨Âɹ淶Ҳ´æÔÚÄ£ºýÐÔÓ벻ȷ¶¨ÐÔ¡£

¡¡¡¡·¨ÂɵÄÎȶ¨ÐÔ¡¢¿ÉÔ¤¼ûÐÔ×÷Ϊ½ü´ú·¨ÖεĻù±¾ÀíÄÆä»ù´¡Ë¼Î¬¾ÍÊÇÒÔÐÎʽÂß¼­µÄÔËËã×÷Ϊ֧³ÅµÄ£¬ÕâÊǶÔ˾·¨×¨ÖÆ¡¢×ÔÓɲÃÁ¿µÄ¼¼ÊõÏÞÖÆ¡£·¨ÂÉÍÆÀíÔÚʵȻÃüÌâºÍӦȻÃüÌâÖ®¼äȱ·¦Ò»ÌõÃ÷È·±ß½ç¡£·¨ÂÉÍÆÀí´ÓӦȻÓëʵȻ¡¢ÓïÑÔÓëÏÖʵ¡¢¹æ·¶ÓëÊÂʵÒÔ¼°ÏÖ´úÂß¼­·¢Õ¹ºÍÏÖ´ú·¨Ñ§Ö÷Õŵȼ¸·½Ã濼²ì½¨Á¢ÔÚ¾­µäÈý¶ÎÂÛ»ù´¡ÉϵÄ˾·¨Èý¶ÎÂ۵ŦÄÜÏ޶ȡ£

¡¡¡¡Âß¼­ÍÆÀíÓë¼ÛÖµÅж϶¼ÊÇ·¨ÂÉ·½·¨ÂÛµÄÖØÒª×é³É²¿·Ö£¬ÐèҪעÒâÏ໥֮¼äµÄƽºâÓë²¹³ä¡£¹ý¶àµØ×¢ÖØÂß¼­ÍÆÀí£¬¶ø²»¿¼ÂǼÛÖµÅжϣ¬¾Í¿ÉÄܵ¼Ö½©Ó²Ö´·¨£» ¶ø¹ý¶àµØ×¢ÖؼÛÖµ¿¼Á¿£¬¶ø²»×ñÑ­Âß¼­ÍÆÀí¹æÔò£¬¾Í»áµ¼ÖÂí§Òâ²ÃÁ¿¡£·¨ÂÉÍÆÀí¾ø·Çµ¥´¿ÔËÓÃÂß¼­ÍÆÀí£¬»úеµÃ³ö½áÂÛ£¬ÐèÒª¸¨ÒÔ¼ÛÖµÅжϡ¢ÀûÒæºâÁ¿µÈ·½·¨¡£ÓÈÆäÊÇ·¨ÂɽâÊÍѧµÄ·¢Õ¹£¬ÎªÈý¶ÎÂÛÍÆÀíÖдóÇ°ÌáµÄÑ°ÕÒ¼°ÆäÄÚÈݵÄ׼ȷ½ç¶¨ÌṩÁËÓÐЧµÄ¹¤¾ß¡£ÎÞÂÛÊÇÒÔ³ÉÎÄ·¨×÷Ϊ²ÃÅеÄÒÀ¾Ý£¬»¹ÊÇÒÔÅÐÀý·¨ÖеÄÏÈÀý×÷Ϊ²ÃÅеÄÒÀ¾Ý£¬¶¼ÒÔÈý¶ÎÂÛ×÷Ϊ»ù±¾µÄ²ÃÅз½·¨[4]143.

Ïà¹ØÄÚÈÝÍƼö
Ïà¹Ø±êÇ©£º
·µ»Ø£º·¨ÕÜѧÂÛÎÄ