¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎÄ

Äúµ±Ç°µÄλÖãºÑ§ÊõÌà > ¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎÄ

¸ñʽËþÀíÂÛÔڿƼ¼ÂÛÎIJåͼ±àУÖеÄÔËÓÃ

À´Ô´£º±à¼­Ñ§±¨ ×÷ÕߣºÎIJÉ
·¢²¼ÓÚ£º2022-11-22 ¹²5902×Ö

¡¡¡¡ÕªÒª£ºÔËÓøñʽËþÐÄÀíѧÀíÂ۶ԿƼ¼ÂÛÎIJåͼµÄ±àУ¹¤×÷½øÐÐÀíÂÛ²ûÊͺÍʵÀý·ÖÎö¡£ÂÛÖ¤Á˿Ƽ¼ÂÛÎIJåͼ¸ñʽËþ·ÖÎöµÄ¿ÉÐÐÐÔ£¬È»ºó²ÉÓÃÕûÌåÓë¾Ö²¿µÄ±çÖ¤¹Øϵ¡¢¼òµ¥Ô­Ôò¡¢½Ó½üÐÔÔ­ÔòºÍ“ÐÄÎﳡ”ÀíÂ۶ԿƼ¼ÂÛÎIJåͼʵÀýÖдæÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ½øÐзÖÎö£¬²¢Ìá³ö±àУÐ޸Ľ¨Ò飬ÒÔÆÚ¶ÔÒÔÍùµÄ±àУʵ¼ù¸ÐÐÔÃèÊö½øÐÐÐÄÀíѧÀíÂÛ²ûÊÍ£¬¼ÓÇ¿±à¼­Ñ§Ñо¿µÄѧÀí»ù´¡¡£

¡¡¡¡¹Ø¼ü´Ê£º¸ñʽËþ;¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎÄ;²åͼ;±àУ;

Application of Gestalt theories in editing figures in scientific articles

¡¡¡¡Abstract£ºOn the basis of the theories of Gestalt psychology,the theoretical explanation and case analysis about editing figures in scientific articles were discussed.The feasibility of the Gestalt analysis of the figures in scientific articles was demonstrated.And some instances of scientific figures were analyzed based on the theory of dialectical relationship between the parts and the whole,the principles of simplicity and proximity,the theory of psychophysical field.Then the revision suggestions were put forward.This article aims to provide a psychological interpretation for the emotional description about editing practice in the past and strengthen the theoretical basis of editorial studies.

¡¡¡¡Keyword£ºGestalt; scientific articles; figures; editing;

¡¡¡¡²åͼÊǿƼ¼ÂÛÎĵÄÖØÒª×é³É²¿·Ö[1],ÆäÐÎʽÖ÷ÒªÓÐÕÕƬ¡¢×ø±êͼ¡¢Ê¾Òâͼ¡¢Á÷³Ìͼ¡¢µÈÖµÏßͼ¡¢ÔÆͼ¡¢µØͼµÈ¡£²åͼ¾ßÓÐÐÅÏ¢Á¿´ó¡¢¾«È·ÐԸߡ¢¶Ô±È¶ÈÇ¿µÈÓÅÊÆ£¬ÊÇÕ¹ÏÖʵÑéÏÖÏó»òÊý¾Ý×î³£Óõıí´ï·½Ê½£¬Ò²ÊǶÁÕß¿ìËÙ¶ÁÈ¡ÎÄÏ×ÐÅÏ¢µÄÖØҪ;¾¶¡£²åͼËäÐÎʽ¶àÖÖ¶àÑù£¬µ«ÓÅÐãµÄ²åͼ¾ùÓ¦Âú×ã¹ÛµãÃ÷È·¡¢ÀàÐͼò½à¡¢Íâ¹Ûרҵ¡¢Ï¸½ÚÍêÃÀµÄÒªÇ󡣶ԲåͼµÄÉó¶ÁºÍ±àУһֱÊǿƼ¼ÆÚ¿¯±à¼­µÄ¹¤×÷ÖصãÖ®Ò»¡£ÕŸ£Ó±µÈ[2]¸ù¾Ýͼ±í±à¼­¼Ó¹¤ÊµÀý£¬¾Í¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎÄͼ±íʹÓÃÖеĹ淶ÐÔºÍÇ¡µ±ÐÔ£¬¹éÄɳö¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎÄͼ±í±à¼­¼Ó¹¤µÄ8ÀàÇéÐΣ»ÐìƼ[3]»ùÓÚ±ØÒªÐÔ¡¢¹æ·¶ÐÔ¡¢¼òÃ÷ÐÔµÄÔ­Ôò£¬×ܽá·ÖÎöÁ˹¤³ÌÓ¦ÓÃÀàÂÛÎÄÖÐͼ±í±àÅÅʱÒ׳öÏֵĴíÎó²¢Ìá³öÁËÐ޸Ľ¨Ò飻³Âö©À¼[4]¸ù¾ÝÏà¹Ø±ê×¼ºÍÎÄÏ׶ԲåͼµÄÒªÇó£¬ÌÖÂÛ²åͼ±à¼­¼Ó¹¤µÄ¾ßÌåÎÊÌâ¼°±à¼­ÈËÔ±Ó¦¾ß±¸µÄËØÑø£»³ÂÏȾü[5]¸ù¾Ý±à¼­Êµ¼Ê¾­Ñ飬×ܽáºÍ¹éÄɳöÒ»Ì×Éó¶Á´¦Àíͼ±íµÄÓÐЧ·½·¨£»Éò¹Ú¶«[6]¶Ô±È·ÖÎöÁ˹úÄÚÍâ¿Æ¼¼ÆÚ¿¯²åͼµÄÃÀѧԭÀíºÍÓ¦ÓÃʵ¼ù£¬ÈÏΪÎÒ¹ú¿Æ¼¼ÆÚ¿¯Ó¦ÖØÊÓ²åͼµÄÃÀѧÎÊÌ⣬Ìá¸ßÎÒ¹ú¿Æ¼¼ÆÚ¿¯µÄѧÊõ´«²¥Á¦Ó뾺ÕùÁ¦¡£Óɴ˿ɼû£¬ÓйؿƼ¼ÂÛÎÄͼ±í±àУ·½·¨µÄÑо¿ÅÇ»²ÔÚÏà¶Ô¾ÖÏ޵ķ¶Î§ÄÚ£¬»òÊǶÔÉó¶Á¹¤×÷µÄ¾­Ñéʽ×ܽᣬ»òÊÇÕý·´ÀýµÄ¶Ô±ÈÃèÊöºÍ½¨Ò飬½öÏÞÓÚ¼¼Êõ²ãÃ棬ȱ·¦ÀíÂÛµÄÉî¶È̽ÌÖ¡£¼øÓÚ´Ë£¬±ÊÕßÄâÒýÈëÔÚÐÄÀíѧҵÒѳÉÊìµÄ¸ñʽËþÀíÂÛ£¬ÊԶԿƼ¼ÂÛÎIJåͼµÄÓÅ»¯½øÐÐÀíÂÛÑо¿ÓëʵÀý·ÖÎö£¬ÒÔÆÚ´ÓÐÄÀíѧ½Ç¶È¶ÔÒÔÍù¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎIJåͼ±àУµÄ¸ÐÐÔ¾­Ñé×ܽá½øÐÐÀíÂÛ²ûÊÍ£¬Îª¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎIJåͼµÄÉè¼ÆºÍ±àУʵ¼ùÌṩÏà¹Ø²Î¿¼¡£

¡¡¡¡1 ¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎIJåͼ¸ñʽËþ·ÖÎöµÄ¿ÉÐÐÐÔ

¡¡¡¡¸ñʽËþ(Gestalt)ÐÄÀíѧʼÓÚ20ÊÀ¼Í³õ£¬Æä´ú±íÈËÎïÊǵ¹úµÄÐÄÀíѧ¼ÒάÌØĬ(M.Wertheimer, 1880—1943)¡¢¿ÂÀÕ(W.K?hler, 1887—1967)ºÍ¿¼·ò¿¨(K.Koffka, 1886—1941)¡£Î¬ÌØĬָ³öÈËÃÇÔÚÇúµ÷¡¢¿Õ¼äͼÐεȷ½Ã棬»á¸ÐÊܵ½³ýµ¥¶ÀµÄÄÚÈÝ¡¢¸Ð¾õ¡¢¹ÛÄî¡¢¶¯×÷µÈµÄ×ܺÍÒÔÍâµÄ¶«Î÷£¬¼´ÕûÌå´óÓÚµ¥¶ÀÄÚÈݵÄ×ܺÍ[7];¿ÂÀÕ½ø¶øÌá³öµÄ“ѧϰµÄ¸ñʽËþÑо¿”ÔòÊÇÔËÓøñʽËþÀíÂÛÑо¿Ñ§Ï°Ë¼Î¬¹ý³Ì£¬ËûÖ¸³ö˼ά¡¢ÈÏÖª¡¢Å¬Á¦¡¢Ì¬¶È¡¢ÇéÐ÷¡¢¶¯×÷µÈÈ˵ÄÖ÷¹Û»î¶¯Ðγɹý³Ì£¬¶¼²¢·ÇÊܶÀÁ¢ÔªËصÄÖ±½ÓÓ°Ï죬¶øÊÇÓÉÕûÌåÇé¾³Ëù¾ö¶¨£¬ÕâЩ¹ý³Ì¾ù¿ÉÒÔ°üÀ¨ÔÚ¸ñʽËþÀíÂÛµÄÑо¿·¶Î§Ö®ÄÚ[8]¡£Ëùν“¸ñʽËþ”,¼´Ö¸ÓÉÖª¾õ»î¶¯×éÖ¯ºóµÄÒâʶÖеÄÕûÌå¡£¸ñʽËþÐÄÀíѧÅÉÇ¿µ÷ÕûÌåÓ벿·ÖµÄ±çÖ¤¹Øϵ£¬´Ó·ÖÎöͨ¹ýÊÓ¾õ½Ó´¥ÐγÉÖª¾õµÄ¹ý³Ì³ö·¢£¬Ìá³öÁËһϵÁиñʽËþÖª¾õ¸ÐÖªÔ­Àí£¬°üÀ¨ÏàËÆÔ­Ôò¡¢½Ó½üÔ­Ôò¡¢Á¬ÐøÔ­Ôò¡¢·â±ÕÔ­Ôò¡¢¼òµ¥Ô­ÔòµÈ114Ìõ×éÖ¯ÂÉ[9,10]¡£ËæןñʽËþÀíÂ۵ķ¢Õ¹£¬ÕâЩԭÀíµÄÔËÓò»Ö»ÊǾÖÏÞÓÚÊÓ¾õÁìÓòºÍÐÄÀíѧÈÏÖªÁìÓò£¬¶øÊÇÔ¶³¬¹ýÁ˸оõ¾­ÑéµÄ·¶Î§¡£

¡¡¡¡°¢¶÷º£Ä·(R.Arnheim)[11]²ÉÓøñʽËþÐÄÀíѧ·ÖÎöÈËÀàÊÓ¾õ¹ý³Ì£¬Ìá³öÁË“ÊÓ¾õ˼ά”¸ÅÄî¡£¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎÄͨ¹ýÎÄ×ÖºÍͼ±íʹ¶ÁÕß²úÉúÊÓ¾õÖª¾õ£¬´Ó¶øʹ¶ÁÕßÔÚÍ·ÄÔÖÐÐγÉÈÏÖªÒâʶ£¬´ïµ½Ñ§Êõ´«²¥µÄÄ¿µÄ¡£ÕâÒ»¹ý³ÌÕý·ûºÏ°¢¶÷º£Ä·µÄ“ÊÓ¾õ˼ά”ÀíÂÛ¡£ËùÒÔ£¬ÂÛÎĵıí´ïºÍÀí½âÒ²¹¹³ÉÒ»ÖÖ¸ñʽËþ£¬·ûºÏ¸ñʽËþµÄÖª¾õ×éÖ¯Ô­Ôò¡£ÀýÈçÖÜÎÄæÃ[12]Ôø´Ó¸ñʽËþÐÄÀíѧ½Ç¶È·ÖÎöÁËÓйØͼÊé±à¼­¹¤×÷ÖÐÔ­ÎÄÎÄ×Ö±»±à¼­¸Ä´íµÄ±àУʧÎóµÄÐÄÀí¹æÂɼ°³ÉÒò¡£ÂÛÎIJåͼµÄÔĶÁ¹ý³Ì£¬Ò²ÊÇ´ÓÊÓ¾õ½Ó´¥µ½ÐγÉÖª¾õµÄÈ«¹ý³Ì£¬ÕýÓë¸ñʽËþÐÄÀíѧÑо¿µÄÊÓ¾õÐÄÀíµÄÐγɹý³ÌÏàÒ»Ö¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÔËÓøñʽËþÐÄÀíѧÀíÂ۶ԿƼ¼ÂÛÎIJåͼµÄÉó¶ÁºÍ¼Ó¹¤¹¤×÷½øÐзÖÎöºÍÖ¸µ¼ÊÇ¿ÉÐеģ¬ÇÒ¶ÔÌá¸ßÂÛÎĵÄÊÓÖª¾õ±í´ïЧ¹û¾ßÓÐÖØÒªÒâÒå¡£¸ñʽËþÊÓÖª¾õÐγɹý³ÌÖеÄÕûÌåÓ벿·ÖµÄ±çÖ¤¹Øϵ¡¢½Ó½üÐÔÔ­Ôò¡¢¼òµ¥ÐÔÔ­ÔòÒÔ¼°“ÐÄÎﳡ”µÄ¸ÅÄîºÍÀíÂÛ£¬¾ù¿ÉÒÔÔËÓÃÓڿƼ¼ÂÛÎÄͼ±íµÄ±í´ïÓÅ»¯ÖС£

¡¡¡¡2 °ÑÎÕ²åͼ“ÕûÌåÓ벿·Ö”µÄ±çÖ¤¹Øϵ

¡¡¡¡“ÕûÌåÓ벿·Ö”ÀíÂÛÊǸñʽËþÐÄÀíѧ×î»ù±¾µÄ¹Ûµã¡£¸ñʽËþÐÄÀíѧÈÏΪ¾Ö²¿ÔªËز»ÄÜÀ뿪ÕûÌåµ¥¶ÀÆð×÷Óã»ÕûÌåÒ²²»Ö»ÊǾֲ¿µÄ¼òµ¥×éºÏ½á¹û¡£Ïà·´µØ£¬ÕûÌå±»ÈÏΪÊÇÏÈÓÚ²¿·Ö´æÔÚµÄÇÒÖÆÔ¼ºÍ¾ö¶¨Á˸÷²¿·ÖµÄÐÔÖʺÍÒâÒå¡£Ñо¿ÐͿƼ¼ÂÛÎIJåͼÖгÊÏÖµÄÊý¾ÝÊÇÑо¿¹¤×÷µÄ¾Ö²¿»ò¼´Ê±×´Ì¬£¬¶ÁÕßͨ¹ýÕⲿ·ÖÊý¾ÝÁ˽âÑо¿½á¹û¼°ÊÂÎï±¾ÖÊ¡£Óеľֲ¿»ò¼´Ê±×´Ì¬¿ÉÒÔ´ú±íÉõÖÁÍ»³öÊÂÎïµÄ±¾ÖʺÍÒâÒ壬¶øÓеÄÔò»áÑÚ¸ÇÉõÖÁÍáÇú»ìÏýÊÂÎïµÄ±¾ÖÊ¡£ËäÈ»ÕâЩ״̬ҲÊÇÑо¿ÕûÌåµÄÒ»²¿·Ö£¬µ«ËüÃÇÎÞ·¨½ÒʾÊÂÎï±¾ÖÊ£¬Ö»ÓÐÑо¿¹¤×÷µÄÓлú×é³É²¿·Ö²Å¾ßÓÐÆäÕûÌåµÄÌØÐÔ£¬²ÅÄÜʹÈ˲úÉúÕýÈ·µÄÖª¾õ¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÔÚ¶ÔÑо¿½á¹ûµÄ²åͼ½øÐÐÉó¶ÁºÍ±àУʱӦ°ÑÎÕºÃÕûÌåÐԵĻù±¾Ô­Ôò£¬×¢Òâ²åͼÊÇ·ñÄܿ͹ۡ¢ÑϽ÷µØ·´Ó³Ñо¿¹¤×÷µÄ±¾ÖÊ¡£

¡¡¡¡Í¼1ÁгöµÄÊDz»Í¬²ÄÁÏ΢¹ÛÐÎòµÄɨÃèµç×ÓÏÔ΢¾µ(SEM)ÕÕƬ£¬Í¼1(a)±È½ÏÁ˲»Í¬ÖƱ¸·½·¨Ïµĸ´ºÏÄÉÃ×ƬÐÎò£¬µ«2ÕÅÕÕƬµÄ·Å´ó±¶ÊýÃ÷ÏÔ²»Í¬¡£ÓÉÓÚ²»Í¬·Å´ó±¶ÊýµÄ΢¹Û½á¹¹±¾Éí²î±ð½Ï´ó£¬²»¾ßÓпɱÈÐÔ£¬ÇÒÓÉͼ¿ÉÖªÑо¿¶ÔÏóµÄ΢¹ÛÐÎò²»¾ùÒ»£¬²¿·ÖÊÓÓò·¶Î§ÄÚµÄͼƬ¿ÉÄÜ·ûºÏʵÑé¼ÙÉ赫²»·ûºÏÊÂÎïÕûÌåÌØÕ÷£¬¼´²»¾ß±¸¸ÃÊÂÎï±¾ÖÊËù¾ßÓеÄÌØÕ÷ºÍÒâÒ壬ѡÔñ²»Í¬µÄÊÓÓòλÖÿÉÄܵóö²î±ð¾Þ´óµÄ½áÂÛ¡£Òò´Ë£¬´ÓѧÊõÑϽ÷ÐԵĽǶȳö·¢£¬±à¼­Ó¦ÒªÇó×÷Õ߸ü»»±ê³ß´óСһÖµÄSEMÕÕƬ×ô֤ʵÑé½áÂÛ¡£Í¼1(b)µÄSEMÕÕƬչʾÁË2×é¶à¿×½á¹¹²ÄÁϵĿÕ϶½á¹¹ÌØÕ÷£¬¶Ô±È×éÖ®¼äµÄ±ê³ß´óСһÖ£¬ÇÒ·Ö±ðÑ¡È¡Á˵¥Î»³ß¶ÈΪ100ºÍ500 μmµÄ2×éÕÕƬ£¬±êÃ÷Á˾ֲ¿ÐÎòÔÚÕûÌå½á¹¹ÖеÄλÖã¬ÇåÎúÍêÕûµØ³ÊÏÖÁË2×é²ÄÁϵÄ΢¹ÛÐÎò£¬ÕûÌåÓ벿·ÖµÄ¹ØϵµÃÒÔÌåÏÖ£¬ÊÇÖµµÃÍƼöµÄ¸ü¾ßÑϽ÷ÐÔºÍ˵·þÁ¦µÄ΢¹ÛÐÎò±í´ï·½Ê½¡£

²ÄÁÏ΢¹ÛÐÎòµÄSEMÕÕƬ

ͼ1 ²ÄÁÏ΢¹ÛÐÎòµÄSEMÕÕƬ

¡¡¡¡Èç¹û°Ñ¶ÔÂÛÎÄÖ÷ÌâµÄÀí½â×÷Ϊ¸ñʽËþ¶ÔÏ󣬸÷²åͼµÄÖ÷Ìâ(²¿·Ö)ÓëÂÛÎÄÖ÷Ìâ(ÕûÌå)Ö®¼äµÄ¹ØϵͬÑù×ñÕÕ“ÕûÌåÏÈÓÚ²¿·Ö´æÔÚÇÒÖÆÔ¼ºÍ¾ö¶¨Á˸÷²¿·ÖµÄÐÔÖʺÍÒâÒå”ÕâÒ»»ù±¾Ô­Ôò¡£Òò´Ë£¬±à¼­Òª´ÓÕûÌåÉÏ°ÑÎÕÎÄÕµÄÖ÷Ìâ½á¹¹ºÍ¸÷²åͼµÄÄÚÔÚÁªÏµ£¬Åжϲåͼ¶ÔÓÚÖ÷ÌâÂÛÖ¤µÄ³äÒªÐÔ£¬·²Î޹ػòÈßÓàµÄ²åͼӦɾȥ£»±ØÒª¶øδÌṩµÄ£¬Ó¦²¹³äÍêÉÆ¡£Èçһƪ¹ØÓÚ“»ùÓÚij»úÖƵÄË®ÏÂÄ¿±ê¼ì²âËã·¨”µÄÂÛÎÄ£¬ÓÉÓÚ½µØ»·¾³ÖеÄÄ¿±ê¼ì²â¼¼ÊõÒѽϳÉÊ죬¶øË®»·¾³¶ÔÄ¿±ê¼ì²âµÄÒªÇó½Ï¸ß£¬ÄѶȽϴó£¬Òò´ËË®ÏÂÊÔÑéЧ¹ûµÄ²âÊÔÊǸÃÎĵĴ´ÐµãºÍÖص㡣µ«Ô­ÎÄÈ´ÓÃÁ˼¸ºõÏàͬµÄƪ·ùÌÖÂ۸ĽøËã·¨ÔÚ½µØºÍË®ÏÂ2ÖÖÊý¾Ý²âÊÔ¼¯ÉϵıíÏÖ£¬ÏÔȻ½µØ²âÊÔÊý¾Ý²¿·Ö²»·ûºÏ“Ë®ÏÂÄ¿±ê¼ì²âËã·¨”µÄÂÛÎÄÖ÷Ìâ¹¹½¨£¬Òò´Ë½¨Òé×÷Õßɾ³ýÁ˸ò¿·ÖÊý¾Ý·ÖÎö£¬Í»³öË®ÏÂÊý¾Ý¼¯ÊÔÑé½á¹ûµÄ·ÖÎöÌÖÂÛ£¬Ê¹²¿·ÖÓëÕûÌåµÄ±í´ïÒâÒåÒ»Ö¡¢Ã÷È·¡£

¡¡¡¡3 ÔËÓÓ¼òµ¥Ô­Ôò”¼õÇáÈÏÖª¸ºµ£

¡¡¡¡¸ñʽËþÀíÂÛÖеē¼òµ¥Ô­Ôò”Ò²±»³ÆΪ“ÓÅͼԭÔò”,¸ÃÔ­ÔòÇ¿µ÷ͨ¹ý×îС»¯µÄÈÏ֪ŬÁ¦À´¸ÐÖªÊÓ¾õÒâÒå¡£¶ÁÕß»á×Ô·¢µØÔÚ¹ýÔØÐÅÏ¢ÖÐÑ°ÕÒ¼òµ¥ÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔÊÓ¾õÉÏÔ½¼òµ¥µÄͼ±í»òÄÚÈÝÔ½ÈÝÒ×´¦ÀíºÍ¼ÇÒ䣬Ҳ¸üÊÊÓÚÐÅÏ¢´«µÝ¡£¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎÄͼ±í¿Éͨ¹ý¾«¼òÊý¾Ý¡¢¼ò»¯°æÃæÐÎʽºÍ±³¾°µÈ°ì·¨£¬¼õÇáÈÏÖª¸ºµ££¬ÓÅ»¯ÐÅÏ¢´«µÝЧ¹û¡£

¡¡¡¡1)¾«¼òÊý¾Ý¡£

¡¡¡¡¾«¼ò¾ÍÊÇ´Ó¹¹Í¼ÖÐÅųý²»ÖØÒªµÄ²¿·Ö£¬Ö»±£Áô¾ø¶Ô±ØÒªµÄ×é³É²¿·Ö£¬´Ó¶ø´ïµ½ÊÓ¾õ¼ò»¯µÄÄ¿µÄ¡£ÔÚ²åͼµÄÉó¶Á±àУ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÐëÁôÒâÊÇ·ñ´æÔÚÈκÎÔ¤ÆÚ±í´ïÖ®ÍâµÄ¶àÓàÄÚÈÝ£¬ÈçÓУ¬ÔòӦɾ³ý£¬ÒԸĽøÊÓ¾õ±í´ïµÄ¸ñʽËþ¡£ÔÚһƪ½éÉÜ“³Á¹Ü¸´ºÏµØ»ùˮƽÌØÐÔ¿ÅÁ£Á÷ÊýֵģÄ┵ÄÂÛÎÄÖУ¬×÷ÕßչʾÁËÈçͼ2ËùʾµÄºáÏòλÖÃxÔÚ0¡«6 m¡¢ÊúÏòλÖÃyΪ0¡«2.5 m·¶Î§ÄڵĿÅÁ£·¢ÉúµÄˮƽλÒƵÈÖµÏßͼ£¬µ«ÓÐЧÊý¾ÝÐÅÏ¢½ö´æÔÚÓÚxΪ2.5¡«4.5 m¡¢yΪ0.5¡«2.5 mµÄ·¶Î§ÄÚ£¬Òò´Ë²åͼ¿É¾«¼òΪͼ2(b),Ö»±£Áô±ØÒªµÄÊý¾Ý×é³É²¿·Ö¡£

¿ÅÁ£Ë®Æ½Î»ÒƵÈÖµÏßͼ

ͼ2 ¿ÅÁ£Ë®Æ½Î»ÒƵÈÖµÏßͼ

¡¡¡¡2)¼ò»¯°æÃæÐÎʽºÍ±³¾°¡£

¡¡¡¡ÓÐЧµÄ¡¢ÎüÒýÈ˵ÄÊÓ¾õ±í´ï£¬²¢²»ÐèҪ̫¸´ÔÓµÄÐÎÏ󡣿Ƽ¼ÂÛÎĵIJåͼÔÚÊÓ¾õ±íÏÖÉϸüҪעÒâ¼ò½à¡¢Ö±¹Û£¬Ñ¡Ôñ¶ÁÕßËùÐèÈÏ֪ŬÁ¦×îСµÄÐÎʽΪ¼Ñ¡£¸ù¾Ý¸ñʽËþÀíÂÛÖеē¼òµ¥Ô­Ôò”,¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎÄÖвåͼµÄ¹¹³ÉÔªËØÒËÉÙ¡¢ÐÎʽÒ˼ò¡¢±³¾°ÒËÎÞ¡£¾ßÌå¶øÑÔ£¬²åͼÖÐӦʡȥËùÓв»±ØÒªµÄ±ß¿ò¡¢ÎÄ×ÖºÍͼÐΣ»×ø±êÖáµÄ±êÖµ²»Ò˹ýÉÙ£¬µ«ÎªÁËÊÓ¾õÉϵļò½àÐÔ£¬±êÖµÒ²²»ÄܹýÃÜ£¬¿Éͨ¹ýת»»±êÄ¿Öе¥Î»µÄ´ÊÍ·»ò±äÁ¿·ûºÅÇ°µÄÒòÊýʹ±êÖµµÄÊý×Ö¾¡Á¿¼ò¶Ì£¬Ò»°ã²»³¬¹ý3λÊý»òСÊýµãºó²»¶àÓÚ1¸ö“0”[13];ÔÚ¼òÒ׺¯ÊýͼÖÐʹÓò»Í¬ÏßÐÍ»òͼ°¸¶ø·ÇÑÕÉ«Çø±ð²»Í¬µÄ±äÁ¿£»²åͼµÄ±³¾°ÑÕÉ«»á½µµÍͼÐκÍÖ½ÕÅÑÕÉ«Ö®¼äµÄ¶Ô±È¶È£¬Ôö¼Ó¶îÍâµÄÈÏÖª¸ºµ££¬Òò´ËÒª¾¡Á¿È¥³ý±³¾°ÒÔÌá¸ß¿É¶ÁÐÔ£¬µÈµÈ¡£

¡¡¡¡Í¼3ÏÔʾÁË1ÀýÔËÓÓ¼òµ¥Ô­Ôò”¼ò»¯²åͼµÄÇ°ºó¶Ô±È£¬È¥±³¾°ºÍÉ«²Ê¡¢È¥±ß¿ò¡¢¼ò»¯ºá×ø±êÖáÎÄ×ÖºÍ×Ý×ø±ê±êÖµºó£¬²åͼµÄÓÐЧÐÅÏ¢¸üΪ¼ò½à¡¢ÐÑÄ¿¡£´ËÍ⣬ÎÄÕÂÊý¾ÝҪͻ³öµÄÊǿɽ»»»Ì¬ÃÌÔªËØÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýËæÍÁÈÀÐÞ¸´´ÎÊýÔö¼Ó¶øÏÔ׎µµÍµÄÖ±¹Û±ä»¯Ç÷ÊÆ£¬Òò´ËÔÚÐ޸ĺóµÄ»Ò¶ÈͼÖÐÔËÓúÚÉ«Ìî³ä¿é±íʾ¿É½»»»Ì¬ÃÌÔªËØ£¬ÓëÆäËûÐÎ̬ÃÌÔªËصÄͼʾ֮¼äÐγÉÏÊÃ÷¶Ô±È£¬ÔÚÒ»¶¨³Ì¶ÈÉÏÔöÇ¿ÁËÖصãÊý¾ÝµÄÊÓ¾õ¹Ø×¢¶È¡£

ÐÞ¸´Ç°ºóÎÛȾÍÁÖи÷ÐÎ̬ÃÌÔªËصÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý

ͼ3 ÐÞ¸´Ç°ºóÎÛȾÍÁÖи÷ÐÎ̬ÃÌÔªËصÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý

¡¡¡¡4 ÔËÓÓ½Ó½üÐÔÔ­Ôò”ÓÅ»¯±í´ï

¡¡¡¡´Ó´«µÝÐÅÏ¢µÄЧ¹ûÀ´¿´£¬Í¼±íµÄ±í´ïЧ¹û²»ÑÇÓÚÎÄ×Ö¡£Òò´Ë£¬²åͼµÄÖ÷ÌâÏÊÃ÷¡¢²ã´ÎÇåÎú£¬ºÍÎÄ×Ö±íÊöµÄÂß¼­·ÖÃ÷ͬÑùÖØÒª¡£¸ñʽËþµÄ“½Ó½üÐÔÔ­Ôò”Ö¸³ö£¬ÊÓ¾õÔªËØÖ®¼äµÄÏà¶ÔλÖÃÔ½½Ó½ü£¬¾ÍÔ½¿ÉÄܱ»ÊÓΪͬһ²¿·Ö»òͬһÕûÌ壬ͨ¹ý¿Õ¼äλÖõĹ¹½¨¿É´ïµ½Í»³öÔªËعØϵµÄЧ¹û£¬ÀûÓÚÐÅÏ¢µÄ´«´ïºÍ¸ÐÖª¡£¸å¼þÖг£³öÏÖ¹ØÁªÐÔ½ÏÇ¿µÄ¶à×éƽÐÐÊý¾Ý£¬Èç¹ûµ¥¶ÀÁÐͼ½øÐÐÌÖÂÛ²»½öÔì³É°æÃæÀË·Ñ£¬¶øÇÒ²»±ãÓÚ×÷Õß·ÖÎö±í´ï£¬Ò²²»ÀûÓÚ¶ÁÕßÔĶÁÀí½â¡£¸ù¾Ý“½Ó½üÐÔÔ­Ôò”,¿Éµ÷ÕûºÍÖØ×é²åͼµÄ¿Õ¼äλÖùØϵ£¬ÐγÉÇ×ÊèÓбðµÄÊÓ¾õ×éºÏ£¬Í»³ö¹ØÁª»ò¶Ô±ÈµÄ±í´ïЧ¹û£¬Ìá¸ßÎÄÕ¿ɶÁÐÔ¡£

¡¡¡¡ÈçÔÚһƪ±È½Ï²»Í¬µ¼º½ÏµÍ³Ð£Õý·½·¨ÔËÓÃЧ¹ûµÄÎÄÕÂÖУ¬ÒÀ´ÎÂÞÁÐÁËÈçͼ4(a)ËùʾµÄ4ÕÅÊý¾Ý²åͼ£¬²ÉÓþùÔÈ·ÖÉ¢µÄÅÅ°æÐÎʽËæÎÄ´©²å³ÊÏÖ£¬ÇÒ4ͼ֮¼äûÓйØÁªºÍ²ã´Î¡£ÎÄ×ÖÔò°´ÕÕͼƬ˳ÐòÒÀ´Î¶Ô´¿SINSºÍ·´À¡Ð£Õý2ÖÖ·½·¨µÄÊÔÑé½á¹û½øÐÐ˵Ã÷£¬×îºóÔÙ½øÐз½·¨Ö®¼äµÄ“λÖÃÎó²î”ºÍ“ËÙ¶ÈÎó²î”±È½Ï¡£ÎÞÂÛÊǶÔÓÚ×÷Õßд×÷»¹ÊǶÁÕßÔĶÁ£¬Êý¾Ý±È½Ïʱ¶¼ÒªÔÚ²»Í¬²åͼ֮¼äÀ´»ØÇл»£¬Ñ°ÕÒÄ¿±êÊý¾Ý£¬´ó´óÔö¼ÓÁ˱íÊöºÍÈÏÖª¸ºµ£¡£ÎªÁËÓÅ»¯²åͼµÄÊÓ¾õ¸Ð֪Ч¹û£¬ÏÈÔËÓÓ¼òµ¥Ô­Ôò”½«Í¬Ò»·½·¨Öжà¸öÏàͬºá×Ý×ø±êµÄÊýÖµ½øÐÐÕûºÏ£¬ÔÙ°´“λÖÃÎó²î”ºÍ“ËÙ¶ÈÎó²î”2ÏîÀà±ð½«Ô­À´µÄ4Õŵ¥¶À²åͼÖØ×éΪ2ÕÅ×éºÏͼ(¼ûͼ4(b)),ʹÀà±ðÏàͬµÄ²»Í¬·½·¨µÄÊý¾Ý×é³ÉλÖÃÏà½üµÄÊÓ¾õ×éºÏ£¬¼´Í¬ÕÅ×éºÏͼµÄ²»Í¬×Óͼ£¬±ãÓÚºáÏò¶Ô±È²»Í¬·½·¨¼äµÄÊÔÑé½á¹û¡£¸ÃÀýÖÐÔËÓÃÁË“½Ó½üÐÔÔ­Ôò”ʹÊý¾Ý¼äµÄ²ã´Î½á¹¹ºÍ¶Ô±È¹ØϵÃ÷Îú¡£

ÔËÓá°½Ó½üÐÔÔ­Ôò¡±ÖØ×é²åͼµÄʾÀý

ͼ4 ÔËÓÓ½Ó½üÐÔÔ­Ôò”ÖØ×é²åͼµÄʾÀý

¡¡¡¡5 “ÐÄÎﳡ”ÀíÂÛ

¡¡¡¡¸ù¾Ý¸ñʽËþÐÄÀíѧµÄ“ÐÄÎﳡ”ÀíÂÛ£¬Öª¾õµÄÐγÉÊܵ½“ÎïÀí³¡”ºÍ“ÐÄÀí³¡”Á½ÕߵĹ²Í¬×÷Óá£Ñо¿ÐÍÂÛÎĵIJåͼչÏÖÁ˿͹ÛÏÖÏóºÍÊý¾Ý½á¹û£¬ÊÇÂÛÎĵÄÖØÒªÂ۾ݣ¬Ò²ÊdzÊÏÖ¸ø¶ÁÕßµÄÊÓ¾õ“ÎïÀí³¡”¡£Ïà¶ÔÓ¦µÄÎÄ×ÖÊÇ×÷Õ߶ÔÑо¿Êý¾ÝµÄ·ÖÎö×ܽᣬ¶ÔÏÖÏóµÄ½â¶Á¹éÄÉ£¬»òÊǶÔÆäÆÕ±éÒâÒåµÄÉîÈë̽ÌÖ£¬ÆäʵÊÇ×÷Õß“ÐÄÎﳡ”µÄÃèÊöºÍ·´Ó³¡£¸ù¾Ý“¸ñʽËþ”ÀíÂÛ£¬ÏàͬµÄÎïÀí³¡ÔÚ²»Í¬È˵ēÐÄÀí³¡”×÷ÓÃÏ¿ÉÄܲúÉú²»Í¬µÄ“ÐÄÎﳡ”,Òò´ËͬÑùµÄÂÛÎIJåͼÔÚ²»Í¬È˵ÄѧÊõÈÏÖª±³¾°Ï¿ÉÄܲúÉú²»Í¬µÄ¸öÈ˽â¶Á¡£µ±×÷ÕߺͶÁÕߵēÐÄÎﳡ”ͳһʱ£¬¼´ÊǶÁÕß½ÓÊÜÁË×÷ÕßµÄÂ۵㣻µ±²»Ò»ÖÂʱ£¬¶ÁÕßÔò»áÌá³öÖÊÒÉ¡£ÎªÁËʹ¶ÁÕ߸üºÃµØÀí½â²åͼÄÚÈÝ£¬ÓÐʱÔÚͼÖÐÌṩ¼òÒªµÄ˵Ã÷ÐÔÎÄ×ÖÊÇÊ®·Ö±ØÒªµÄ¡£µ«¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎIJåͼÖв»Ó¦³öÏֿ͹ÛÊÂʵÒÔÍâµÄ½áÂÛÐÔÎÄ×Ö£¬×÷Õß²»Äܽ«×Ô¼ºµÄ“ÐÄÎﳡ”Ç¿¼ÓÓÚ³ÊÏÖ¸ø¶ÁÕߵĿ͹ۓÎïÀí³¡”ÖУ¬Ó°Ïì¶ÁÕ߶ԓÎïÀí³¡”µÄÀíÐÔÖª¾õ¡£Èçͼ5ËùʾµÄÔÆĸʯӢƬÑÒSEMÕÕƬ£¬ÆäÖеĽáÂÛÐÔÎÄ×Ö²»Ó¦³öÏÖÔÚ·´Ó³¿Í¹ÛÊÂʵµÄÕÕƬÖУ¬ÓÐÓÃÎÄ×Ö°ó¼ÜͼƬ֮ÏÓ¡£Í¼5ÖеÄÎÄ×ÖÄÚÈÝ¿ÉÔÚÕýÎIJ¿·Ö½øÐÐ˵Ã÷ÌÖÂÛ£¬µ«ÔÚʵÑéÕÕƬÖÐÓ¦Óèɾ³ý£¬»¹ÊµÑéÊý¾ÝÒԿ͹۵ÄÃæò¡£

ÔÆĸʯӢƬÑÒÔÚ¸Éʪѭ»·×÷Óùý³ÌÖеÄSEMÕÕƬ

ͼ5 ÔÆĸʯӢƬÑÒÔÚ¸Éʪѭ»·×÷Óùý³ÌÖеÄSEMÕÕƬ

¡¡¡¡6 ½áÊøÓï

¡¡¡¡½«¸ñʽËþÐÄÀíѧ´Ó×¢ÖØÊÓ¾õÉóÃÀµÄÑо¿ÁìÓò£¬ÍØÕ¹µ½ÒÔÕæʵ¡¢ÑϽ÷Ϊ»ù×¼µÄ¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎIJåͼÖУ¬½ÏΪÏʼû¡£±¾Îijõ´ÎÔËÓøñʽËþÐÄÀíѧÀíÂÛ£¬´Ó±à¼­½Ç¶È£¬¶Ô¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎIJåͼµÄÓÅ»¯½øÐÐÁËÀíÂÛ²ûÊͺÍʵÀý·ÖÎö¡£

¡¡¡¡±¾ÎÄÂÛÖ¤Á˿Ƽ¼ÂÛÎIJåͼ¸ñʽËþ·ÖÎöµÄ¿ÉÐÐÐÔ£¬È»ºó²ÉÓÓÕûÌåÓë¾Ö²¿”µÄ±çÖ¤¹Øϵ¡¢“¼òµ¥Ô­Ôò”¡¢“½Ó½üÐÔÔ­Ôò”ºÍ“ÐÄÎﳡ”ÀíÂ۶ԿƼ¼ÂÛÎIJåͼ±àУʵÀý½øÐзÖÎöºÍÑо¿£¬Îª¸ÐÐÔ¾­ÑéÌṩÀíÂÛÖ§³Ö£¬Í¬Ê±¼ÓÇ¿Á˱༭ѧÑо¿µÄѧÀí»ù´¡¡£ÊÂʵÉÏ£¬¸ñʽËþÀíÂÛ´æÔÚÓÚÍ·ÄÔºÍÀíÄîÖУ¬¶ø·ÇÑÛ¾¦Àͨ¹ýÁ˽â²åͼµÄÊÓ¾õЧ¹û¼°ÆäÐÅÏ¢´«µÝµÄÐÄÀíѧԭÔò£¬¿ÉÒÔ¹¹½¨ÐÄÀíÎȶ¨µÄÐÅÏ¢±í´ï·½Ê½£¬ÒÔ¸ü¿ÆѧÓÐЧµÄ·½Ê½Õ¹ÏÖѧÊõÑо¿³É¹û¡£

¡¡¡¡²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×

¡¡¡¡[1]³ÂºÆÔª¿Æ¼¼Ê鿯±ê×¼»¯18½²[M].±±¾©:±±¾©Ê¦·¶´óѧ³ö°æÉç, 1998:117
¡¡¡¡[2]ÕŸ£Ó±,Ä߶«ºè¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎÄÖÐͼ±í±à¼­¼Ó¹¤µÄ8ÀàÇéÐÎ[J]±à¼­Ñ§±¨, 2019,31(4):391
¡¡¡¡[3]ÐìƼ.¹¤³ÌÓ¦ÓÃÀàÂÛÎÄÖÐͼ±í¹æ·¶ÐÔ±àÅÅ´íÎóÀýÎö[J]¿Æ¼¼´«²¥, 2021,13(3):20
¡¡¡¡[4] ³Âö©À¼.ÂۿƼ¼ÂÛÎIJåͼµÄ¹æ·¶»¯Óë±à¼­½ÇÉ«[J]±à¼­Ñ§±¨, 2015,27(5):441
¡¡¡¡[5]³ÂÏȾü¿Æ¼¼ÆÚ¿¯ÂÛÎĵÄͼ±íÉó¶Á´¦Àí·½·¨Ì½ÌÖ[J].±à¼­Ñ§±¨, 2018,30(3);.266
¡¡¡¡[6]Éò¹Ú¶«.¹úÍâ×ÅÃû¿Æ¼¼ÆÚ¿¯²åͼµÄÃÀѧÑо¿ÓëÆôʾJ].Öйú¿Æ¼¼ÆÚ¿¯Ñо¿, 2018,29(1):20
¡¡¡¡[7] DESOLNEUX A.MOISAN L,MORE J M.A grouping principle and four applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. ,2003,25(4):508
¡¡¡¡[8] BENJAFIELD J G. Revisiting Wittgenstein on Kohler and Gestalt psychology[J] Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 2008,44(2):99
¡¡¡¡[9] VON GIOI R G,DELON J,MORELJ M.The collaboration of grouping laws in vision[J]Journal of Physiology-Paris,2012,106(5/6):266
¡¡¡¡[10]¿¼·ò¿¨.¸ñʽËþÐÄÀíѧԭÀí[M]Àîά,Òë±±¾©:±±¾©´óѧ³ö°æÉç, 2010
¡¡¡¡[11]°¢¶÷º£Ä·.ÒÕÊõÓëÊÓÖª¾õ[M]ëøÊØÒ¢,Òë³É¶¼:ËÄ´¨ÈËÃñ³ö°æÉç, 2019
¡¡¡¡[12]ÖÜÎÄæôÓÐÄÀíѧµÄ½Ç¶È·ÖÎö±à¼­“¸Ä´í”µÄÔ­Òò¼°¼¸µã½¨Òé[J]´«²¥Óë°æȨ, 2019(2):41
¡¡¡¡[13]ºÆÔª.¹æ·¶±ê×¢×ø±êÇúÏßͼµÄ×ø±êÔ­µã¡¢±êÄ¿ºÍ±êÖµ[J].±à¼­Ñ§±¨, 2019,31(6):641

×÷Õßµ¥Î»£º¡¶ÑïÖÝ´óѧѧ±¨¡·±à¼­²¿
Ô­Îijö´¦£ºÎIJÉ.¸ñʽËþÀíÂÛÔڿƼ¼ÂÛÎIJåͼ±àУÖеÄÔËÓÃ[J].±à¼­Ñ§±¨,2022,34(03):274-278.
Ïà¹ØÄÚÈÝÍƼö
Ïà¹Ø±êÇ©£º
·µ»Ø£º¿Æ¼¼ÂÛÎÄ