《菜根谭》的儒释道三教人生观思想

    本篇论文目录导航：

【题目】 《菜根谭》的儒释道三教人生观思想 
【绪论】 《菜根谭》中的中国传统人生哲学绪论 
【第一章】 《菜根谭》的作者及背景 
【2.1  2.2】 《菜根谭》中的理想观与苦乐观 
【2.3】荣辱观在《菜根谭》中的体现 
【2.4  2.5】出处观与生死观 
【第三章】 《菜根谭》的影响、价值及局限 
【结语/参考文献】 《菜根谭》的思想内涵与价值研究结语与参考文献 

　　摘要

　　《菜根谭》作为一本融合了儒释道三教思想的清言小品文集，蕴藏着丰富的人生哲学思想。通过研究儒释道三教思想在《菜根谭》中的体现与融合，深入发掘中国传统人生哲学中的宝藏，有利于我们全面理解人与自然、社会以及人与自我的关系，有利于我们思考人生的价值与意义，有利于我们树立崇高理想、追求高尚人格。

　　第一章考察和梳理了《菜根谭》的作者及其写作背景，从晚明复杂的政治环境以及阳明心学思想和东林学派的遭遇等方面，探究了晚明社会政治背景与学术文化背景对《菜根谭》人生哲学思想的影响。

　　第二章从理想观、苦乐观、荣辱观、出处观、生死观五个方面展开论述了《菜根谭》丰富的人生哲学思想。理想观方面，考察了《菜根谭》对“内圣外王”所采取的态度，从内圣层面和外王层面分析了《菜根谭》对人生理想的看法与指导；苦乐观方面，分析了苦与乐的辩证统一关系以及苦乐观的定义和作用，论述了《菜根谭》对享乐主义苦乐观、禁欲主义苦乐观的批判和对道义主义苦乐观的肯定与发扬，探讨了《菜根谭》对苦境与乐境的处理以及化苦为乐的智慧。荣辱观方面，分析了《菜根谭》对功名富贵和名誉节义的态度，展开论述了《菜根谭》对“义荣”的追求和对“义辱”的批判，揭示了《菜根谭》对荣辱认识的转化，达到一种宠辱不惊的旷达境界。出处观方面，陈述了中国古代思想家对“出处”的看法与选择，以及“出处”的深刻涵义，其次从居官和居家两个方面，论述了《菜根谭》的“出”与“处”,最后，结合晚明社会对“出处”选择的新动向，论述了《菜根谭》出处合一的态度。生死观方面，论述了《菜根谭》对享乐主义生死观的否定与批判、对自然主义生死观的继承与转化、对道义主义生死观的肯定与发扬。

　　第三章探讨了《菜根谭》一书的流传特点和它产生的历史影响，此部分内容考察了《菜根谭》在中国和日本两地的流传差异，对比了它在中国和日本两地受重视的程度以及社会影响的反差，其次从培养成熟人格为切入点，论述了《菜根谭》人生哲学思想对我们的启示意义，最后分析了《菜根谭》可能存在的问题与局限。

　　关键词：《菜根谭》；人生哲学；历史影响；现代价值

　　Abstract

　　As the collected works of essays with the integration of ideas from ConfucianismBuddhism Taoism, Cai Gen Tan contains rich thoughts on life philosophy. The study onthe three religious thoughts' reflection and integration in Cai Gen Tan and the in-depthexploration of the essence in traditional Chinese life philosophy will help us to have aright understanding on the relations between man and nature, man and society, as wellas man and self and to reflect on the essence, value and meaning of life. It is also ofgreat guiding significance for us to set up grand ideals, and to pursue for noblepersonality, so this thesis takes the life philosophy in Cai Gen Tan as the research focus.

　　The First Chapter is an exploration and summary of Cai Gen Tan's author and hiswriting background. The Chapter also explores the influence of Cai Gen Tan's socialpolitical background as well as the academic and cultural background to its ideas on lifephilosophy from aspects of the complex political background in the late Ming Dynasty,Yangming's philosophy of the mind and the experience of Donglin School.

　　The Second Chapter discusses the rich ideas of life philosophy in Cai Gen Tanfrom five aspects of viewpoint on life ideal, viewpoint on hardship and happiness,viewpoint on honor and dishonor, viewpoint on advance and retreat and viewpoint onlife and death. In aspect of viewpoint on life ideal, the thesis firstly explores Cai GenTan's attitude towards “Saint and Emperor”, and then analyzes Cai Gen Tan's views andguidance to life ideal from levels of Saint and Emperor. In aspect of viewpoint onhardship and happiness, the thesis first analyzes the dialectical unification relations ofhardship and happiness, and the definitions and functions of viewpoint on hardship andhappiness, then discusses Cai Gen Tan's criticism to the viewpoint on hardship andhappiness in hedonism, asceticism, and its approval and promotion to the viewpoint onhardship and happiness in moral arbitrarianists. Finally it discusses its disposition to theplight and paradise, and the wisdom of transforming pain to pleasure. In aspect ofviewpoint on honor and dishonor, the thesis first analyzes Cai Gen Tan's attitude to rank,success, fame and riches, as well as reputation, moral integrity and righteousness. Thenit discusses Cai Gen Tan's pursuit to righteous honor and the criticism to righteousdisgrace. At last through the transformation of cognition to honour or disgrace, abroad-minded state remaining indifferent whether granted favours or subjected tohumiliation is realized. In aspect of viewpoint on advance and retreat, the thesisexplains the profound meaning of advance and retreat through views and choices fromancient Chinese thinkers. Then it discusses Cai Gen Tan's advance and retreat from twoaspects of securing a position and living at home. At last, the thesis discusses Cai GenTan's attitude of the integration of advance and retreat combined with later MingDynasty society's new tendency to the choices of advance and retreat. In aspect ofviewpoint on life and death, the thesis first discusses Cai Gen Tan's denial and criticismto viewpoint on life and death in hedonism. Then it discusses its inheritance andtransformation of viewpoint on life and death in naturalism. At last it discusses Cai GenTan's favor and promotion to viewpoint on life and death from moral arbitrarianists.

　　The Third Chapter discusses Cai Gen Tan's characteristics of circulating and thehistorical influences it produces. Through exploration on the circulating differences ofCai Gen Tan in China and Japan, it finds out that there is a great contrast of the degreeof attention and social influences in China and Japan. It then reflects on the modernvalue and significance of the life philosophy in Cai Gen Tan. At last, the thesis tries toexplore the possible problems and limitations in Cai Gen Tan.

　　Key words: Cai Gen Tan; life philosophy; historical influence; modern value
 

　　目录

　　绪论

　　第一章 《菜根谭》的作者及背景

　　第一节 《菜根谭》的作者

　　第二节 《菜根谭》的写作背景

　　第二章 《菜根谭》人生哲学的主要内容

　　第一节 理想观

　　第二节 苦乐观

　　第三节 荣辱观

　　第四节 出处观

　　第五节 生死观

　　第三章 《菜根谭》的影响、价值及局限

　　第一节 历史影响和现代价值

　　第二节 局限性

　　结语

　　参考文献

　　致谢