遗产继承中债权人利益保护问题探析

    本篇论文目录导航：

【题目】遗产继承中债权人利益保护问题探析 
【引言  第一章】继承法对债权人权益保护的规定和司法实践 
【第二章】我国继承法对债权人利益保护的不足及其原因 
【3.1】继承制度下债权人利益之实体保护的立法建议 
【3.2】我国继承法对债权人利益之程序保护 
【结语/参考文献】继承法中债权人的立法保护研究结语与参考文献 



　　摘 要

　　继承法作为民法的重要组成部分，其立法的完善直接关系到对公民财产所有权的保护和法的安全价值的实现。我国继承法非常重视遗产继承中继承人和被继承人的债权人（以下简称遗产债权人）利益的平衡与保护，并且建立了以有限继承为原则的继承制度。但是由于受当时立法环境所限，我国继承法只是笼统的规定了一个限定继承原则，并没有对限定继承加以条件限制，继而在实践中经常出现继承人损害遗产债权人利益的行为。面对实践中出现的各种侵害债权人利益的问题，继承法需要完善相关制度的立法，对受害人进行有效的司法救济以平等保护继承人和债权人的利益，进而促进社会的和谐与稳定。因此，遗产继承中债权人利益保护相关立法的完善对实现债权人的合法权益有重要的理论意义，并对我国构建和谐社会也具有重要的现实意义。

　　法学理论的研究应立足于实践，因此我们在研究法学理论制度的时候应该结合我国实际，从基本国情出发。本文通过对比国内外立法例，对我国遗产继承制度中债权人利益保护所存在的不足及相关立法完善问题进行详细论述。本文分三个部分对遗产继承中债权人利益保护问题进行阐述，除引言和结语外，全文三大部分大约两万五千字。

　　第一部分为我国继承法对债权人利益保护的规定和司法实务。首先，介绍我国继承法对债权人利益保护的规定及我国对于继承中债权人利益保护的研究现状。其次，通过案例引出本论文选题的背景，并通过分析，概述了司法实践中所存在的损害债权人利益的表现形式。

　　第二部分为我国继承法对债权人利益保护存在的问题及其原因。本部分首先通过分析我国现行继承法中对于遗产债权人保护的规定，引出了我国立法中所存在的问题；其次从现行继承法在制定时受当时立法环境影响、社会对遗产继承观念淡薄、立法时“宜粗不宜细”的立法指导思想、继承法制定时理论研究尚且薄弱及现代人们维权意识的增强五方面分析了继承法存在问题的主要原因。我国继承法实行的是无条件的有限继承制度，由于立法较早，并没有建立起与之配套的财产分离制度，因而司法实践中出现了对继承人和遗产债权人不平衡的立法保护。

　　第三部分为我国继承法对债权人利益保护的立法构想。本文通过借鉴外国有益的立法经验，针对我国立法和司法中所存在的不足，分别从实体和程序两方面提出了完善我国继承法的立法建议。在实体方面通过建立有条件的有限继承制度、确立遗产清册和遗产管理制度、明确接受和放弃继承的期限、赋予债权人代位权及撤销权等制度来完善我国继承法。在程序上通过建立公示催告程序、明确诉讼主体、实行诉前财产保全及合理分配举证责任等制度来确保债权人的利益不受侵犯。

　　关键词：无遗嘱继承，遗产债权人，有限责任继承，继承法完善

　　Abstract

　　Inheritance law is an important part of civil law. The complete of the legislationis related to the protection of civil property ownership and the embodiment of themethod of safety value directly. Our country's inheritance law attaches greatimportance to balance as well as protect the interest of heirs and creditors of thedecedent, and established with limited inheritance for the principle of inheritancesystem. But due to the limitation of the legislative environment at that time, theprovisions of the succession law is a general entail principle. There is no limit to theconditions of limited succession, and it is often appears heir to the behavior of thedamage interests of heritage creditors. Inheritance law needs to complete the relatedsystem of legislation, to balance the interests of the heir and creditors, also protectthe legal property rights and to promote social harmony and stability. So it is veryimportant to complete the legislation of the protection of the creditors. In order tolook forward to building a harmonious and stable society.

　　The legal theory research should be based on the practice, so when we studylegal theory system ,we should start from national conditions of our country andbase on the practice. In addition, we can also learn experiences from foreigncountries in legislation, and speed up the legalization process in our country. At thesame time, we should view foreign legislation and take the dialectical thinking, takethe essence and discard the dregs. Only according to the reality of the situation andlegislation system of our country, can we use it to guide the practice finally. Thereare three parts in this article,（beside foreword and concluding remark）it includesabout 250,000 words.

　　The first part is about the succession law of our country to the creditor interestsprotection provisions and judicial practice. Firstly, introduce the provisions on theprotection of the creditors' interests in the succession law of our country and presentsituation of research on the protection of the creditors' interests. Secondly, this paperselected topic background through the case, and summarize the form of the damageto the interests of creditors which exists in the judicial practice.

　　The second part is about existing questions of our succession laws on protectingthe interests of the creditors and its causes. This part firstly, analyzes currentinheritance law in China on the protection of heritage creditors, raises the existingproblems in the legislation in our country, secondly, the main reasons of the lack ofcurrent inheritance law. In China, inheritance law is a kind of unconditional limitedinheritance system, due to legislative earlier, it didn't set up to match the propertyseparation system, so the behavior of damaging the creditor's interests has appearedin the judicial practice .

　　The third part is about the legislative conception of the inheritance law toprotect the creditors' interests in our country. We should draw lessons from thebeneficial experiences of foreign country, in view of the insufficiency in legislationand judicature in our country, from entity and procedure complete the legislative ofour inheritance law.

　　Key Words:Intestate Inheritance, Inheritor, Limited to Inherit, Improve the Inheritance Law
 

　　目 录

　　引 言

　　一、我国继承法对债权人利益保护的规定和司法实践

　　（一）我国继承法对债权人利益保护的规定

　　（二）我国继承法对债权人利益保护的司法实践

　　二、我国继承法对债权人利益保护存在的不足及其原因

　　（一）我国继承法对债权人利益保护存在的不足

　　（二）我国继承法对债权人利益保护不足的原因

　　三、我国继承法对债权人利益保护的立法构想

　　（一）我国继承法对债权人利益之实体保护的立法建议

　　（二）我国继承法对债权人利益之程序保护的立法建议

　　结 语

　　参考文献

　　致 谢