本篇论文目录导航:
【题目】政府在食品安全监管中的责任探究
【引言 第一章】
食品安全监管中政府责任相关理论阐释
【第二章】
近年来食品安全问题案例及不良影响
【第三章】
食品安全监管中政府责任缺失的表现和原因
【第四章】
政府保障食品安全监管有力运行的策略
【结语/参考文献】
政府食品安全监管责任完善研究结语与参考文献
摘 要
随着经济的快速发展,我国居民生活水平的日益提高,食品安全问题日趋突出,成为人们关注的焦点。在我国社会转型的关键时期,任何食品安全事故如若不能及时处理,必然会演化成为全社会的公共危机事件,导致严重的后果,影响我国社会持续稳定的发展。政府做为食品安全管理的主体,能否充分发挥其作用显得尤其重要。近年来,如“僵尸肉”“毒豆芽”、山东“毒生姜”、昆明“毒米线”、三鹿“毒奶粉”等食品安全事故接连发生,不仅对人民健康造成严重危害,甚至对其人身生命安全带来威胁,同时也对国家的经济造成了重大损失。食品安全的管理者,政府管理部门被推到了风头浪尖,面对来自全社会的质疑和问责。笔者认为近年来食品安全事故一而再再而三地发生固然有多方面的原因,但政府管理部门作为食品安全管理的掌舵者应承担最主要的责任,比如其对自身的管理责任不明确,对如何履行好自身责任不明确。因此,本文旨在研究政府如何从自身出发去反思在导致食品安全事故的产生和加剧后果及整个食品安全管理中应承担的责任,为政府更有效地进行食品安全管理提供现实的思考和建议。
文章首先对当前有关国内外食品安全管理中政府责任研究的文献资料进行了客观综述,接着对食品安全管理及政府责任等相关概念进行界定,通过引述美国、欧盟以及日本等发达国家食品安全监管先进经验对比我国食品安全政府在监管中的不足之处,并客观地从食品安全的公共物品属性和市场失灵与政府干预两个方面指出政府承担食品安全管理责任的理论依据以及在食品安全监管中政府的法律、行政、经济责任。
其次,第二部分中通过以往食品安全事件的回顾,揭示了食品安全对整个社会的巨大负面影响,这其中包括了人身安全影响、社会稳定影响、社会经济影响、政府公信力影响等。本文还从近年来发生的食品安全事故进行了深入分析,特别是在法律保障体系、食品安全管理体制和经济技术投入等方面进行了认真分析,找出政府在承担食品安全管理责任中的问题症结所在。
再接下来,全面重点地剖析了政府监管在食品安全中的监管部门职能定位不清和协调机构缺乏权威、监管权力不统一、食品安全监管成本高等缺失表现,其中一些问题食品从采集原材料、生产加工、销售流通直到上了餐桌上,各个环节容易出错的地方,也客观的根据我国国情现状以及地方特色阐述了食品监管困难等。本部分也分别指出了食品安全监管意识薄弱、监管主体设置不合理、食品安全标准制度不完善、市场准入制度不完善、食品安全监管技术落后等原因。
最后,借鉴国外先进经验并结合我国具体国情,从政府在食品安全管理中应当承担的法律责任、政治责任、经济责任及道德责任出发,提出从健全食品安全法律法规体系、构建合理高效的食品安全监管体制、形成科学规范的食品安全控制体系、探索建立新型食品安全政府监管机制几个方面的对策,对我国政府在食品安全管理方面的理论进行了补充完善。
关键词:食品安全,食品安全管理,政府责任
Abstract
China is currently in a key period of social transformation, public safety incidentsincluding any food safety accident if not timely and effective treatment, will affect the socialstability and the evolution of a whole society public crisis events leading to more seriousconsequences. In this special transition period, the government as the main body ofmanagement, managers of public affairs, public service providers, public policy makers andthe public authority to exercise, whether it can play the role is especially important. In recentyears, such as Guangzhou“ Clenbuterol”, “poison milk powder” and other food safetyincidents continue to occur, not only seriously affects people's stable life, some even damageto people's life safety, but also for the national economy caused a great loss. The governmentas a food safety management main body is pushed to the forefront, has to face the societywidely questioned and accountability. The author thinks that the government as a food safetymanagement at the helm of their responsibility is not clear, how to fulfill their responsibilityis not clear, resulting in recent years food safety accident and three place. Therefore, thispaper aims to study how the government sets out from oneself to reflect on cause food safetyaccidents and aggravate the consequences and the entire food safety managementresponsibility, as the government more effective food safety management to provide realisticconsideration and suggestion.
This paper first discusses the related domestic and foreign food safety managementresearch on the government responsibility in the literature objectively reviewed, then the foodsafety management and the responsibility of the government and other related concepts,through the United States, the European Union and Japan, citing the advanced experience ofdeveloped country food safety supervision in China Food Safety government regulation indeficiency, and objectively from the food safety the characteristics of public goods and themarket failure and government intervention in two aspects: government food safetymanagement responsibility as well as the theoretical basis in the food safety law, governmentadministration, economic responsibility.
Secondly, the second part through the previous food safety incident review, reveals thefood safety in the whole society tremendous negative effects, including the personal safety of influence, social stabilization, social and economic impact, the credibility of the governmenteffect. This paper also from in recent years the occurrence of a food safety accident isanalyzed, especially on the legal security system, food safety management system andeconomic technology investment to wait for a respect undertook serious analysis, find out thegovernment assume responsibility in food safety management in the crux of the problem.
Then, the comprehensive analysis of the government supervision on food safety ofregulatory functions of the position is not clear and lack of coordination mechanism,regulatory authority is not unified, authoritative food safety supervision cost higher loss,some of these problems from the acquisition of raw materials, food production andprocessing, sales distribution until a table, each link is easy to make a mistake place, alsoobjective according to the situation of our country the present situation as well as the localcharacteristic elaborated food regulatory difficulties. This part also points out the food safetysupervision consciousness is weak, regulatory body set unreasonable, food safety standardsystem is not perfect, the market access system of food safety supervision is not perfect,technology is backward wait for a reason.
Finally, the advanced experience from abroad and combining the concrete nationalconditions of our country, from the government in food safety management should bear thelegal responsibility, political responsibility, economic responsibility and moral responsibilitysets out, put forward from perfect food safety laws and regulations, build reasonable andefficient food safety supervision system, establish a scientific and standard food safetycontrol system, exploration establish the new mechanism of the government supervision offood safety aspects of the strategy, to our country government in the aspects of food safetymanagement theory were added to improve.
Key words: food safety, food safety management, the responsibility of the government
目 录
中文摘要
英文摘要
引言
(一) 选题意义
(二) 研究现状
(三) 研究方法
一、相关理论阐释
(一) 食品安全
(二) 食品安全监管中政府责任
1. 法律责任
2. 行政责任
3. 经济责任
(三) 食品安全监管中政府责任的依据
1. 食品安全的公共物品属性
2. 市场失灵与政府干预
(四) 发达国家食品安全监管
1. 发达国家食品安全监管概述
2. 发达国家食品安全监管经验
二、近年来食品安全问题案例及不良影响
(一) 近些年食品安全问题案例
1. 瘦肉精事件
2. “潮安果脯”事件
3. “人造蜂蜜”事件
4. “昌黎葡萄酒”事件
(二) 食品安全问题的不良影响
1. 食品安全问题对人本身的影响
2. 对社会经济的影响
3. 对社会稳定的影响
4. 对政府公信力的影响
三、我国政府在食品安全监管过程中责任缺失的表现和原因
(一) 我国政府在食品安全监管过程中责任缺失的表现
1. 监管职能界定不清、协调机构权威性不足
2. 监管权力不统一
3. 食品安全监管成本高
(二) 导致食品安全监管中政府责任缺失的原因
1.有关部门监管意识薄弱
2. 监管主体设置缺少科学性
3. 食品安全标准制度尚未完善
4. 继续完善市场准入机制
5. 监管手段和技术落后
四、政府保障食品安全监管有力运行的策略
(一) 制定食品安全法律法规,健全实施标准体系
1. 逐步明确食品安全法律法规体系
2. 制定科学合理的食品安全标准相关体系
(二) 完善监管体制,保障其切实可行
1. 日常性一般监管和专项检查相结合
2. 强化食品企业的主体责任
3. 充分发挥社会的监督作用
(三) 建立健全科学规范的食品安全控制体系
1. 建立食品安全方面风险评估的预警体系
2. 完善食品安全相关检验检测体系
3. 建立食品可追溯管理系统和食品召回制度
4. 加强食品安全方面政府执行力
5. 建立食品安全行政问责制度
6. 完善食品安全的政府救济机制
(四) 创新政府监管机制,探索新型食品安全监管
1. 将食品生产经营企业纳入征信管理机制
2. 严格执行行业禁入机制
3. 推动食品安全公益诉讼机制的建立
4. 用制度保障食品安全行政执法督促力度结语
参考文献
后记