¡¡¡¡Õª Òª£º¡¡Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨ÖƶÈ×÷Ϊ¹¹½¨Ê³Ò©ÁìÓòÉç»á¹²ÖεÄÖØÒª×é³É²¿·Ö, Æä·¢Õ¹ÓëÍêÉÆͬÉç»á¹²ÖÎÀíÄîµÄÂäʵϢϢÏà¹Ø¡£»ùÓÚ¶ÔÎÒ¹úʳƷҩƷͶËß¾Ù±¨Öƶȷ¢Õ¹ÓëÏÖ×´µÄ˼¿¼, ±¾ÎÄÌá³öÈÔ´æÔÚ³ÌÐò¹æ·¶ÐÔ¡¢ÄÚ²¿×ÊÔ´ÕûºÏ¡¢ÍⲿÐͬÅäºÏÓëÖ°Òµ´ò¼ÙÈËÓ¦¶ÔµÄÎÊÌâ, ²¢¸ø³öÏàÓ¦µÄ¶Ô²ß, ÒÔÆÚ¶ÔÎÒ¹úʳƷҩƷͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖƶȵÄÍêÉÆÓÐËùñÔÒæ¡£
¡¡¡¡¹Ø¼ü´Ê£º¡¡Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨; ʳƷҩƷ; Éç»á¹²ÖÎ;
¡¡¡¡Abstract£º¡¡The complaint reporting system of food and drug as an important part of building social cogovernance in the field of food and drug, its development and improvement are closely related to the implementation of the concept of social co-governance. Based on the consideration of the development and current situation of the system, this paper puts forward the problems as follows: the standardization of procedures, the integration of internal resources, the external coordination and the professional anti-counterfeit people's response, and the corresponding countermeasures are also given, it is hoped that it will be beneficial to the improvement of the complaint reporting system of food and drug in China.
¡¡¡¡Keyword£º¡¡complaint reporting system; food and drug; social co-governance;
¡¡¡¡Ò»¡¢ÒýÑÔ
¡¡¡¡2016ÄêÎÒ¹úÊײ¿Í³Ò»¹æ¶¨Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨µÄ²¿ÃŹæÕ¡¶Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨¹ÜÀí°ì·¨¡·µÄ°ä²¼, ËæÖ®¡¶Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·Î¥·¨ÐÐΪ¾Ù±¨½±Àø°ì·¨¡·µÄÐÞ¶©½øÒ»²½ÍêÉÆÓн±¾Ù±¨ÖƶÈ, ¸÷µØÏà¹ØµØ·½ÐÔÁ¢·¨µÄÏà¼Ì³ǫ̈, ʳƷҩƷͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖƶȽ¨ÉèµÄ·¨Öλ¯½ø³Ì²»¶ÏÍƽø¡£Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨ÖƶÈ, ×÷ΪʳҩÁìÓòÉç»á¹²ÖεÄÖØÒªÄÚÈÝ, Æð׏µÍ¨ÆóÒµ¡¢¹«Öںͼà¹Ü²¿ÃŵÄ×÷Óá£Á¼ºÃÔË×÷µÄͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖƶȼÈÄܵ÷¶¯¹«ÖÚ²ÎÓëʳƷҩƷͶËß¾Ù±¨µÄ»ý¼«ÐÔ, »º½âÕþ¸®²¿Ãŵļà¹ÜѹÁ¦, Ò²Äܹ»¶½´ÙʳƷҩƷÉú²ú¾ÓªÕß¼ÓÇ¿×ÔÂÉ, Âäʵʳҩ°²È«µÚÒ»ÔðÈÎÈ˵ķ¨ÂɵØλ¡£±¾ÎĽ«ÒÔÉç»á¹²ÖεÄÊÓÒ°, Ãè»æÎÒ¹úͶËß¾Ù±¨Öƶȵķ¢Õ¹¸ÅÀ¨, ²¢¶ÔʳƷҩƷͶËß¾Ù±¨ÏÖ×´¼ÓÒÔ½éÉÜ¡£ÔÚ´Ë»ù´¡ÉÏ, ¶ÔʳƷҩƷͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖƶȴæÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ½øÐÐ˼¿¼, ²¢¸ø³öÏàÓ¦¶Ô²ß, ÍêÉÆÎÒ¹úʳƷҩƷͶËß¾Ù±¨Öƶȡ£
¡¡¡¡¶þ¡¢Éç»á¹²ÖÎÊÓҰϵÄͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖƶÈ
¡¡¡¡Í¶ËßÓë¾Ù±¨ÊDz»Í¬µÄÁ½¸ö¸ÅÄî, ͶËßÒ»°ãÊdzöÓÚ¶Ô×ÔÉíÀûÒæµÄά»¤, ÇëÇó¹«È¨Á¦µÄ°ïÖú;¾Ù±¨Ò»°ãÊdzöÓÚ¶Ô¹«¹²ÀûÒæµÄά»¤, ÒªÇó¹«È¨Á¦¶ÔÎ¥·¨ÐÐΪ½øÐÐ×·Ôð¡£µ«¶þÕßÓÖ½ôÃܹØÁª, ÍùÍù²¢´æÓÚͬһÊÜÀí°¸¼þÖÐ, ½áºÏÁË×ÔÒæÐÔÓ빫ÒæÐÔµÄÌصã, Äܹ»µ÷¶¯Éç»áÖ÷Ìå, ÓÈÆäÊǸöÌ幫ÖڵĻý¼«²ÎÓë¡£·¨Ñ§ÊÓ½ÇϵÄͶËß¡¢¾Ù±¨, ¾¡¹ÜÒÔ±£»¤Ïû·ÑÕß»ò¹«¹²ÀûÒæΪĿµÄ, µ«È´ÒÔÂú×㹫ÖڼලȨΪÂß¼Æðµã, ÊÇÏÜ·¨¸³Ó蹫ÃñÉêËß¡¢¿Ø¸æ¡¢¼ì¾ÙµÈÕþÖÎȨÀûµÄÑÝÒï¡£[1]»»ÑÔÖ®, ͶËß¾Ù±¨ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÕþÖÎȨÀûµÄÑÓÉì, Êǹ«ÃñÔÚÈöɲ¿·ÖȨÁ¦ÓÚ¹ú¼Òºó, ÓÉÏÜ·¨¸³Óè¶øÏíÓеĸù±¾È¨Àû¡£ÔÚ´ËÒâÒå¶øÑÔ, ʳƷҩƷÁìÓòµÄͶËß¾Ù±¨, Êǹ«ÖڼලȨ¶ÔʳƷҩƷ°²È«Õþ¸®¼à¹ÜµÄÓÐÀû²¹³ä¡£ÆäÖÐ, ʳƷ°²È«Éç»á¹²ÖÎÀíÄîÔÚ¡¶Ê³Æ·°²È«·¨¡·ÖеÄÃ÷È·¹æ¶¨, ÊǶÔʳƷ°²È«¹æÖÆÏÖ×´, ÀúÊ·µÄ·´Ë¼Óë¹ú¼Ê¾ÑéµÄ½è¼ø¡£Éç»á¹²ÖÎ, ¼´µ÷¶¯×î¹ã·ºµÄÉç»áÖ÷Ìå²ÎÓë¡¢½»Á÷¡¢ºÏ×÷¡¢Ðͬ, ¹²Í¬Íƶ¯Ê³Æ·°²È«ÖÎÀí, ´Ó¶øÌæ´úµ¥Ò»µÄÕþ¸®¼à¹Ü¡£Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨ÖƶÈ, ´ÓÆ佨Á¢³õÖÔ, ÖƶÈÍƽøµ½·¨ÖƱ£ÕÏ, ¶¼ÌåÏÖ×ÅÉç»á¹²ÖεÄÀíÄî¡£
¡¡¡¡Ôڼƻ®¾¼ÃʱÆÚ, ¸ß¶È¹ÜÖƵÄÉç»áûÓиøÓèͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖƶÈÉú³ÉµÄ¿Õ¼ä¡£Ëæןĸ↑·Å, Éç»á¾¼ÃÓÀ´¾Þ´ó±ä¸ï, Õþ¸®²»ÔÙ“È«ÄÜ”, ΪÁËÓ¦¶ÔÈÕÒæ·±ÖصÄÐÐÕþÈÎÎñ, ͶËß¾Ù±¨Öƶȱ»ÒýÈëÐÐÕþÖ´·¨»úÖÆ¡£[2]ͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖƶȵIJúÉú, ÊÇÕþ¸®ÔÚÒâʶµ½Æä¾ÖÏÞÐÔʱ, Ö÷¶¯Ò²ÊDZ»ÆȺôÓõ¹«ÖÚ²ÎÓë¼à¶½¡£ÔÚʳƷ¼à¹ÜÁìÓò, Èç1983ÄêµÄ¡¶Ê³Æ·ÎÀÉú·¨ (ÊÔÐÐ) ¡·µÚ3Ìõ¹æ¶¨:“¶ÔÎ¥·´±¾·¨µÄÐÐΪ, ÈκÎÈ˶¼ÓÐȨ¼ì¾ÙºÍ¿Ø¸æ¡£”ÕâÒ»½×¶Î½öÊǶÔÏÜ·¨Öй«ÖڼලȨÔÚÏÂλ·¨ÖеĻØÓ¦, ͶËß¾Ù±¨È±·¦ÊµÖʵÄÖƶȰ²ÅÅÓë·¨ÖƱ£ÕÏ, ÆäʵÖÊ×÷Óõķ¢»ÓÊ®·ÖÓÐÏÞ¡£1988Ä꡶¼à²ì²¿´¦Àíµç»°¾Ù±¨ÔÝÐа취¡·µÄ°ä²¼, 1992Ä꡶Ìì½òÊÐÐÐÕþÖ´·¨Í¶Ëß¹ÜÀíÖƶȡ·µÄÖƶ¨, ±êÖ¾×ÅÖÐÑëÓëµØ·½×¨ÏîÁ¢·¨¹¤×÷µÄ¿ªÕ¹, ¶ÔͶËß¾Ù±¨Ö÷Ìå¡¢¶ÔÏó¡¢ÇþµÀ¡¢·½Ê½µÈ×÷³ö¹æ¶¨, ͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖƶÈËæÖ®¿ìËÙ·¢Õ¹¡£ÔÚÁ¢·¨ÍƽøµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ, ͶËß¾Ù±¨ÊÜÀíÈÈÏߵĿªÍ¨ÊÇͶËß¾Ù±¨Öƶȷ¢Õ¹µÄÍ»³ö±íÏÖÐÎʽ, Èç¹ú¼Ò¹¤ÉÌÐÐÕþ¹ÜÀí²¿Ãŵē12315”ÈÈÏß, ¹ú¼ÒÖʼಿÃŵÄ12365ÈÈÏß¡£
¡¡¡¡Ê³Æ·°²È«¼à¹ÜÔÚÎÒ¹úÊܵ½ÖØÊÓ, ʼÓÚ“Èý¾ÛÇè°·”ʼþµÄ±¬·¢¡£2009ÄêÖƶ¨µÄ¡¶Ê³Æ·°²È«·¨¡·¶ÔͶËß¾Ù±¨µÄÖ÷Ìå¡¢ÇþµÀ¡¢²¿ÃÅÖ°Ôð×÷³öÃ÷È·¹æ¶¨, 2010Äê, ËæÖ®³ÉÁ¢µÄ¹úÎñԺʳƷ°²È«Î¯Ô±»áÖƶ¨ÁËÓн±¾Ù±¨Öƶȡ£2011Äê, ¹ú¼ÒʳƷҩƷ¼à¶½¹ÜÀí¾Ö·¢ÎÄÒªÇó¸÷µØ¿ªÍ¨“12331”ͶËß¾Ù±¨ÊÜÀíÈÈÏß¡£ÔÙµ½Í³³ï¼à¶½È«¹úͶËß¾Ù±¨µÄÐÐÕþÊÂÏîÊÜÀí·þÎñºÍͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖÐÐĵĽ¨Á¢, ¡¶Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨¹ÜÀí°ì·¨¡·µÄ³ǫ̈, ʳƷҩƷÁìÓòµÄͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖƶÈÈÕÒæÍêÉÆ, ÔÚʳƷҩƷ°²È«Éç»á¹²ÖÎÖз¢»ÓÇÐʵ×÷Óᣳõ²½Í³¼Æ, ×ֳܾÉÁ¢ÒÔÀ´, ¸÷µØ»ü²é²¿ÃÅͨ¹ýͶËß¾Ù±¨ÏßË÷ÆÆ»ñ°¸Öµ¹ýÒÚÔªµÄ°¸¼þÓÐ16¼þ, °¸Öµ¹ýǧÍòµÄÓÐÁùÊ®Óà¼þ, °¸Öµ¹ý°ÙÍòµÄÓжþ°ÙÓà¼þ, ÓÐÁ¦´ò»÷ÁËʳƷҩƷΥ·¨·¸×ïÐÐΪ¡£[3]
¡¡¡¡Èý¡¢Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨ÏÖ×´
¡¡¡¡¸ù¾Ý2015-2017Äê¶ÈʳƷҩƷ¼à¹Üͳ¼ÆÄ걨, ´Ó2015Äê¸÷¼¶Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·¼à¹Ü²¿ÃŹ²ÊÜÀíʳƷͶËß¾Ù±¨409830¼þ, ÊÜÀíҩƷͶËß¾Ù±¨39023¼þ, µ½2016ÄêµÄÊÜÀíʳƷͶËß¾Ù±¨577915¼þ, ÊÜÀíҩƷͶËß¾Ù±¨49354¼þ, ÔÙµ½2017ÄêÊÜÀíʳƷ (º¬±£½¡Ê³Æ·) ͶËß¾Ù±¨88.0Íò¼þ, ÊÜÀíҩƷͶËß¾Ù±¨5.8Íò¼þ, ÊÜÀíÊýÁ¿¿ìËÙÔö³¤¡£[4]ÊÜÀíÁ¿µÄ¿ìËÙÔö³¤, ·´Ó³Á˹«ÖڵĻý¼«²ÎÓë, ¶ø¹«ÖڵĻý¼«²ÎÓëÔòÊǽ¨Á¢ÔÚÈÕÇ÷ÍêÉƵĻú¹¹ÉèÖᢼ¼ÊõÖ§³ÖÓë·¨ÖƱ£ÕÏÉÏ¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¶“Ê®ÈýÎ唹ú¼ÒʳƷ°²È«¹æ»®¡·Ìá³öÁËÍêÉÆʳƷҩƷͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖƶȵÄÖ÷ÒªÈÎÎñ:½¨³É¸²¸Ç¹ú¼Ò¡¢Ê¡¡¢ÊС¢ÏØËļ¶µÄͶËß¾Ù±¨ÒµÎñϵͳ, ʵÏÖÍøÂç24Сʱ½Óͨ, µç»°ÔÚÊÜÀíʱ¼äÄÚ½ÓͨÂʲ»µÍÓÚ90%¡£×Ô2014Äê¹ú¼ÒʳƷҩƷ¼à¶½¹ÜÀí×ܾÖÉèÁ¢ÐÐÕþÊÂÏîÊÜÀí·þÎñºÍͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖÐÐÄÒÔÀ´, µØ·½¸÷¼¶Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·¼à¹Ü²¿ÃžùÔöÉèרÃÅ»ú¹¹»òרÈ˸ºÔðͶËß¾Ù±¨¹¤×÷¡£ÔÚÐÅÏ¢¼¼Êõ·¢Õ¹µÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ, Ê¡¼¶ÐÐÕþÇøÄÚ²¿¿ª·¢½¨³É12331ÍøÕ¾¡¢µç»°¡¢Òƶ¯°ì¹«¡¢ÒµÎñ°ìÀíÒ»Ì廯µÄϵͳƽ̨, ¼ÈʵÏÖÁËÊ¡ÄÚ²¿Êо֡¢ÇøÏØ·Ö¾Ö¼°ÏçÕò½ÖµÀËùÈ«¸²¸Ç, ÓÖÄÜÓë×ܾÖÖÐÐÄÊý¾Ý»¥Í¨, ³ÊÏÖ³öͶËß¾Ù±¨È«¹ú“Ò»ÅÌÆ唵ÄÏÖ×´¡£[3]ͬʱ, ¡¶Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨¹ÜÀí°ì·¨¡·¶ÔͶËß¾Ù±¨¹¤×÷µÄÊÜÀí¡¢°ìÀí¡¢ÐÅÏ¢¹ÜÀí¡¢¼à¶½ÓèÒÔ·¨Âɱ£ÕÏ¡£ÐγÉÁ˹淶µÄÁ÷³Ì:´Ó¹«ÖÚ·¢ÏÖʳƷҩƷÏà¹ØÎ¥·¨ÏÖÏó, ͨ¹ýµç»°¡¢ÍøÂç¡¢Ðżþ¡¢×߷õķ½Ê½ÌύͶËß¾Ù±¨ÐÅÏ¢, ÓÉ12331ƽ̨ͳһ½ÓÊÕ, ͨ¹ý¶ÔÐÅÏ¢µÄÑÐÅÐ, ¶Ô·ûºÏÊÜÀíÌõ¼þµÄÓèÒÔÊÜÀí²¢×ª½»Ïà¹Ø²¿ÃŽøÐаìÀí, °ìÀíÍê±ÏºóÓɳа첿ÃÅ·´À¡Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨ÈË¡£
¡¡¡¡ËÄ¡¢Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨ÖƶȴæÔÚµÄÎÊÌâ
¡¡¡¡(Ò») ³ÌÐò¹æ·¶ÐÔÎÊÌâ
¡¡¡¡¶ÔÓÚÐÐÕþ²¿ÃŶøÑÔ, ³ÌÐòºÏ·¨¹æ·¶µÄÖØÒªÐÔ²»ÑÔ¶øÓ÷¡£µ«ÓÉÓÚÎÒ¹úÕþ¸®²¿ÃÅÖØʵÌåÇá³ÌÐòµÄ˼άÑØÏ®ÒѾÃ, ÔÚ³ÌÐòÐÔÊÂÏîÉÏʱÓÐÊèºö¡£Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨ÖƶȴæÔڵijÌÐò¹æ·¶ÐÔÎÊÌâÖ÷ÒªÉæ¼°ÒÔÏÂÈý¸ö·½Ãæ:ÊÜÀí»Ø¸´²»¹æ·¶, È糬³ö¹æ¶¨Ê±Ï޻ظ´Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨ÈË, ÊÜÀí»Ø¸´Î´ÁôϺۼ£, δ³ä·Ö¸æÖª¾Ü¾øÊÜÀíµÄÀíÓÉÒÔ¼°Ñ°ÇóÆäËû¾È¼ÃµÄ·½Ê½;ºËʵ»·½ÚµÄµ÷²é¼ì²éÐÐΪ²»¹æ·¶, ½«ÆäÊÓΪÄÚ²¿µÄ¹¤×÷ÊÂÏî, ¶ÔÓÚ²»×ñÑÏàÓ¦µÄ³ÌÐò¹æ¶¨, ½ö½ç¶¨Îª¹¤×÷ʧÎó¶ø·Ç³ÌÐòÎ¥·¨;¶Ô¾Ù±¨ÊÂÏîÓëͶËßÊÂÏîÇø±ð¶Ô´ý, ÍùÍù¸ü¼ÓÖØÊÓͶËßÊÂÏîµÄÁ¢°¸´¦Àí, ¶øºöÊÓ¶Ô¾Ù±¨ÊÂÏîµÄ·´À¡µ÷½â¡£¶ÔͶËß¾Ù±¨²»Í׵Ĵ¦Àí»áÒý·¢ÐÐÕþ»ú¹ØÓëͶËß¾Ù±¨ÈËÖ®¼äµÄ¾À·×, ÉõÖÁʹÐÐÕþ»ú¹ØÃæÁÙÐÐÕþËßËÏ°ÜËߵķçÏÕ¡£Ëæ×Å·¨ÖÎÕþ¸®µÄ½¨ÉèÓ빫Ãñ·¨ÖÎÒâʶµÄÌáÉý, ×ñѳÌÐòÊÇÒÀ·¨ÐÐÕþµÄ»ù´¡Óë¹Ø¼ü¡£
¡¡¡¡(¶þ) ÄÚ²¿×ÊÔ´ÕûºÏÎÊÌâ
¡¡¡¡¼ÓÇ¿ÐÐÕþ²¿ÃÅÄÚ²¿×ÊÔ´ÕûºÏ, ʵÏÖ×ÊÔ´µÄÓÅ»¯ÅäÖÃ, ÊÇÍêÉÆʳƷҩƷͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖƶȵÄÖØÒªÄÚÈÝ¡£µ«ÊÇ, ÔÚ“Èý¾ÖºÏÒ»”µÄÊг¡¼à¹Ü»ú¹¹¸Ä¸ïÍƽøÇ°, ¹¤ÉÌ¡¢Öʼࡢʳҩ¼àÈý¾Ö·ÖÁ¢, ÓÐÆä¸÷×Ô¹ØÓÚͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖƶȵIJ¿ÃŹæÕÂÓëͶËß¾Ù±¨ÈÈÏßƽ̨, ÏàÓ¦µÄ»ú¹¹ÉèÖÃÓë»ü²é¶ÓÎé¡£ÔÚ»ú¹¹¸Ä¸ï³õÆÚ, ÄÚ²¿×ÊÔ´ÕûºÏµÄÎÊÌâ¸ü¼Ó͹ÏÔ:·¨¹æÖ®¼äµÄ³åÍ»¡¢Æ½Ì¨ÏµÍ³µÄ²»¼æÈÝ¡¢±àÖÆÈËÔ±µÄ·ÖÅäµÈÎÊÌâ, Ôì³ÉÐÐÕþ×ÊÔ´Öظ´À˷ѵÄͬʱ, ¶ÔͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖƶȵÄÕý³£ÔËÐвúÉúÒ»¶¨×è°¡£
¡¡¡¡(Èý) ÍⲿÐͬÅäºÏÎÊÌâ
¡¡¡¡Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨°¸¼þÊýµÄÖðÄêÉÏÕÇ, ÌåÏÖÁËÎÒ¹úʳƷҩƷͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖƶȵĽ¨Éè³ÉЧ¡£µ«ÊÇ, ÔÚͶËß¾Ù±¨µÄÄÚÈÝÉÏ, Óоø´ó¶àÊýÊÇÊôÓÚ·ÇʵÖÊÐÔÓ°ÏìʳƷҩƷ°²È«µÄÊÂÏî¡£ÈçʳƷ±êǩ覴ÃÎÊÌâ, ±£½¡Ê³Æ·¡¢Ò©Æ·¹¦Ð§¡¢ÁÆЧ²»ÏÔ×ŵÄÎÊÌâ, СÇøÄںͽֵÀÅÔÂÒÉè̯µãµÈÎÊÌâ¡£Èç¹û¾ùÓɼà¹Ü²¿ÃŽøÐд¦Àí, Ö´·¨×ÊÔ´µÄÓÐÏÞÐÔºÍÉç»áÖ´·¨ÐèÇóµÄÎÞÏÞÐÔ»áʹһЩ·¨Âɹ涨±»ÀäÂä¡£[6]Õâ·´Ó³ÁËÉç»á¹²ÖξÖÃæÉÐδÕæÕýÐγÉ, Óë¼à¹Ü²¿ÃŶÔÓ¦µÄÍⲿÁ¦Á¿, ´æÔÚÐͬÅäºÏ²»×ãµÄÎÊÌâ¡£½öÓɼà¹Ü²¿ÃÅ´¦ÀíͶËß¾Ù±¨ÊÂÏîÊÇÔ¶Ô¶²»¹»µÄ, Òªµ÷¶¯¸ü¶àÉç»áÖ÷ÌåµÄ²ÎÓë¡£
¡¡¡¡(ËÄ) Ö°Òµ´ò¼ÙÈ˵ÄÓ¦¶ÔÎÊÌâ
¡¡¡¡Ö°Òµ´ò¼ÙÈË, ÓÖ³ÆΪְҵË÷ÅâÈË, »òÕßÖª¼ÙÂò¼ÙÈË, ÊÇ°éËæÎÒ¹ú³Í·£ÐÔÅâ³¥ÖƶȵĽ¨Á¢, ²»¶Ï·¢Õ¹×³´óµÄÒ»¸öȺÌå¡£¹ØÓÚÖ°Òµ´ò¼ÙÈ˵ÄͶËß¾Ù±¨, ÐγÉÁËÁ÷Ë®×÷ÒµµÄģʽ, Ë÷ÅâÈËÏÈ·¢ÏÖÓÐÎÊÌâµÄÉÌÆ·, È»ºóÏòÐÐÕþ¼à¹Ü²¿ÃÅͶËß¾Ù±¨¡£¼à¹Ü²¿ÃÅÓÐÒåÎñ¸ù¾Ý¾Ù±¨ÏßË÷¶ÔÎ¥·¨ÐÐΪ½øÐв鴦²¢Ïò¾Ù±¨ÈËÌṩÐÐÕþ´¦·£¾ö¶¨Êé¡£Ë÷ÅâÈËÔò½«Õâ¸öÐÐÕþ´¦·£¾ö¶¨Êé×÷Ϊ“ʳƷ²»°²È«”µÄÖ¤¾Ý, Ïò·¨ÔºË÷Åâ¡£[7]ͬʱ, Ö°Òµ´ò¼ÙÈ˶ÔÓÚÐÐÕþ»ú¹ØµÄÊÜÀíÁ÷³Ì¡¢Ö´·¨³ÌÐòÆÄÓÐÑо¿, Ò»µ©²»ÄÜ´ïµ½×Ô¼ºÅâ³¥µÄÄ¿µÄ, ¾Í»áÌáÆðÐÐÕþ¸´Òé¼°ÐÐÕþËßËÏ, ¶ÔͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖƶȵĽ¨Á¢³õÖÔÓëÕý³£ÔËÐдøÀ´³å»÷ÓëÌôÕ½¡£
¡¡¡¡Î塢ʳƷҩƷͶËß¾Ù±¨Öƶȵķ¢Õ¹Â·¾¶
¡¡¡¡(Ò») Íƶ¯Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨³ÌÐò¹æ·¶»¯
¡¡¡¡Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨µÄ³ÌÐòÐԹ涨, ¡¶Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨¹ÜÀí°ì·¨¡·ºÍ¸÷µØÇø¾Ù±¨Í¶Ëß¹ÜÀí°ì·¨ÒÑ×÷³öÃ÷È·ÒªÇó¡£Íƶ¯Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨³ÌÐò¹æ·¶»¯¾ÍÊÇÒªÑϸñ×ñÑÉÏÊö·¨¹æ, ÒÀ·¨ÐÐÕþ, ÔÚ·¨ÖÆ»¯µÄ¹ìµÀÄÚÊÜÀí¡¢°ìÀí¡¢»Ø¸´Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨ÊÂÒË¡£¹ØÓÚÊÜÀí»Ø¸´µÄ¹æ·¶ÐÔÒªÇó, ÔÚ¡¶“Ê®ÈýÎ唹ú¼ÒʳƷ°²È«¹æ»®¡·ÖÐÒ²ÓÐÌá¼°ÒªÑϸñͶËß¾Ù±¨ÊÜÀí´¦Ö÷´À¡Ê±ÏÞ¡£Òò´Ë, ÐèÒªÌرð×¢ÒâµÄ, Ò»ÊǹØÓÚʱÏ޵Ĺ涨, ¶þÊǹØÓÚ¸æÖªµÄ¹æ¶¨¡£¾ßÌåÄÚÈÝ¿ÉÒԲμû¸÷µØ¹ØÓÚͶËß¾Ù±¨µÄµØ·½Õþ¸®¹æÕÂ, È硶ÉϺ£ÊÐÊг¡¼à¶½¹ÜÀíͶËß¾Ù±¨´¦Àí³ÌÐò¹æ¶¨¡·¡£¹ØÓں˲黷½ÚµÄµ÷²é¼ì²éÐÐΪ, ÔÚͶËß¾Ù±¨³ÌÐòÖÐδ×÷µ¥¶ÀµÄ¹æ¶¨, Ó¦µ±²ÎÕÕ¡¶Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·ÐÐÕþ´¦·£³ÌÐò¹æ¶¨¡·ÖжԵ÷²éÈ¡Ö¤µÄÏà¹Ø¹æ¶¨¡£ÈçʳƷҩƷ¼à¶½¹ÜÀí²¿ÃŽøÐа¸¼þµ÷²éʱ, Ö´·¨ÈËÔ±²»µÃÉÙÓÚ2ÈË;Ö´·¨ÈËÔ±½øÐÐÏÖ³¡µ÷²éʱ, Ó¦µ±ÖÆ×÷±Ê¼;Ö´·¨ÈËÔ±Ó¦µ±ÔڱʼÉÏÇ©×ֵȡ£¶Ô¾Ù±¨ÊÂÏîÓëͶËßÊÂÏîÇø±ð¶Ô´ý, ÌåÏÖÔÚÖØÊÓͶËßÊÂÏî¶øºöÊÓ¾Ù±¨ÊÂÏî, ÕâÊǶԸöÈËȨÒæ±£»¤µÄºöÊÓ¡£Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨ÓÐÁ½ÌõÖ÷Ïß, Ò»ÊǶԹ«¹²ÀûÒæµÄ±£»¤, ¶þÊǶԸöÈËȨÒæµÄ±£»¤, ¶þÕßͬµÈÖØÒª, ²»¿ÉÆ«·Ï¡£¶Ô´ËÐÐÕþ»ú¹Ø¼ÈÒª²é´¦ÉæÏÓÎ¥·¨ÐÐΪ, Ò²Òª¶ÔÏû·ÑÕß¾À·×½øÐе÷½â¡£
¡¡¡¡(¶þ) ¼ÓǿͶËß¾Ù±¨×ÊÔ´ÕûºÏ
¡¡¡¡ÔÚÈ«¹úÐԵēÈý¾ÖºÏÒ»”µÄÊг¡¼à¹Ü»ú¹¹¸Ä¸ïÍƽøÇ°, ×÷Ϊ¾¼ÃÌØÇøµÄÉîÛÚÓÚ2009ÄêÔÚÈ«¹úÂÊÏÈÍƽø´óÊг¡¼à¹ÜÌåÖƸĸ¼à¹Ü×ÊÔ´µÄÕûºÏÓëÖØ×éΪʳƷ°²È«¼à¹Ü´øÀ´ÒÔϸ£Àû:ÔÚ¶ÓÎ齨ÉèÉÏ, »ù²ãʳƷ°²È«¼à¹ÜÁ¦Á¿¼ÓÇ¿;ÔÚÖƶȰ²ÅÅÉÏ, ʳƷ°²È«¼à¹ÜÓëÊг¡¼à¹ÜÏà¹ØÖƶȵÄÏνӸü¼Ó½ôÃÜ;ÔÚ¼¼ÊõÖ§³ÅÉÏ, ʳƷ°²È«¼à¹Ü¼¼ÊõµÃµ½¼ÓÇ¿¡£¶ÔÓÚͶËß¾Ù±¨×ÊÔ´µÄÕûºÏÒ²¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÉÏÊöÈý¸ö·½ÃæÖð²½Íƽø¡£ÔÚ¶ÓÎ齨ÉèÉÏ, ºÏÀíÉèÖñàÖƸÚλ, ×¢ÖؼÓÇ¿»ù²ãʳƷҩƷ°²È«¼à¹ÜÁ¦Á¿¡£ÈçÔöÉè»ù´¡Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨°ìÀíÈËÔ±, ³ýÁËÓÉƽ̨ͳһÊÜÀíºó·ÖÁ÷ÖÁ¸÷µØÇø¼à¹Ü»ú¹¹, »¹¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¸÷µØÇø¸ù¾ÝͶËß¾Ù±¨Á¿µÄ¶àÉÙ, ÉèÖÃÒ»¶¨ÊýÁ¿µÄµØÇøͶËß¾Ù±¨Ðµ÷רԱ, ÓÉË«·½Ö±½Ó¹µÍ¨, ʹ¼òÒ×µÄͶËß¾Ù±¨Äܹ»µÃµ½¿ì½ÝµÄ´¦Àí¡£ÔÚÖƶȰ²ÅÅÉÏ, ÒÔ¶ÔÏÖÓеķ¨¹æµÄÉó²éΪ»ù´¡, ¶ÔÆäÖÐÏà³åÍ»µÄ¹æ¶¨ÓèÒÔͳһ, ±ÜÃâÒÀ·¨ÐÐÕþÈ´²úÉú³åÍ», ÇåÀíÓ뾫¼òÐÔÖÊÖظ´µÄ²¿ÃŹæÕÂ, Ôö¼ÓÏà¹ØÖ°ÄÜ»ú¹¹ºÏ×÷µÄÌõÎÄÄÚÈÝ, ·¢»Ó·¨ÂÉ·¨¹æ×ÊÔ´µÄЧÄÜ, ¼ÓÇ¿Êг¡¼à¹ÜÄÚ²¿²»Í¬Ö°ÄܵÄÐ×÷¡£ÔÚ¼¼ÊõÖ§³ÅÉÏ, ÍƽøͶËß¾Ù±¨Æ½Ì¨µÄÕûºÏ, ´Ù½øͶËß¾Ù±¨µÈ¼à¹ÜÊý¾ÝÐÅÏ¢ÔÚ¸÷²¿ÃżäµÄ´«µÝÓë¹²Ïí, ÔÚ¼¼Êõ²ãÃæÉϼÓÇ¿¶ÔͶËß¾Ù±¨È˸öÈËÐÅÏ¢µÄ±£»¤µÈ¡£
¡¡¡¡(Èý) Íƽø²»Í¬Ö÷Ìå¼äµÄÐ×÷
¡¡¡¡Íƽø²»Í¬Ö÷Ìå¼äµÄÐ×÷, Òª´ÓÁíÒ»¸öÊÓ½ÇÈ¥Íƶ¯Éç»á¹²ÖÎ, ²»½ö½öÊÇͨ¹ý¹«ÖÚµÄͶËß¾Ù±¨²ÎÓëÉç»á¹²ÖÎ, ÆäËûÉç»áÖ÷Ìå, ÈçʳƷҩƷÉú²ú¾ÓªÕß, ʳƷҩƷÐÐҵлá, Ïà¹ØÉç»á×éÖ¯, Òª¼ÓÇ¿Óë¼à¹Ü²¿ÃŵÄÐͬºÏ×÷, »¯½âʳƷҩƷͶËß¾Ù±¨ÎÊÌâ, ÐγÉÕæÕýµÄÉç»á¹²ÖξÖÃæ, ¹²Í¬±£ÕÏʳƷҩƷ°²È«¡£¾ßÌå¶øÑÔ, ¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÁ½·½Ãæ×ÅÊÖ, Ò»ÊÇͨ¹ýÍêÉÆ·¨ÂÉ·¨¹æ, ·ÅȨÓÚÉç»á, ²¢¼ÓÇ¿ÍⲿÉç»áÖ÷ÌåÄÜÁ¦ÓëÔðÈÎÒâʶµÄÅàÓý, ¼ÓÇ¿»¯½â¾À·×µÄÄÜÁ¦;¶þÊÇͨ¹ý¶ÔͶËß¾Ù±¨ÊÂÏîµÄ·ÖÀà, ½øÐÐÍⲿ·ÖÁ÷¡£Èçͨ¹ýÁ¢·¨Ï÷¼õÐÐÕþ¹ÜÀíµÄÄÚÈÝ, ¼õÉÙÐÐÕþÎ¥·¨ÐÐΪµÄ¹æ¶¨, ½«Ò»Ð©ÐÐΪÓÉÊг¡ºÍÉç»á×ÔÐй淶, °ÑÊг¡¼à¹Ü²¿ÃÅ´Ó´óÁ¿·±ËöϸСµÄÈÕ³£¼à¹ÜÊÂÎñÖнâ·Å³öÀ´¡£[8]Óɼà¹Ü²¿ÃŶÔÔì³ÉʵÖÊÐÔÓ°ÏìʳƷҩƷ°²È«µÄͶËß¾Ù±¨ÊÂÏî½øÐд¦Àí, ·ÇʵÖÊÐÔÊÂÏî¿É½»ÓÉÊг¡ÓëÉç»á½â¾ö¡£ÔÚͶËß¾Ù±¨µÄÊÜÀíƽ̨ÉÏ, ¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾ÝÎÊÌâµÄÑÏÖس̶ÈÓë²úÆ·µÄÀà±ð, Ôö¼ÓÉèÖò»Í¬µÄ¾Ù±¨Í¾¾¶, ÓÉͶËß¾Ù±¨ÕßÏÈ×ÔÐÐÅбð, ½øÐзÖÁ÷¡£×÷ΪÊ×ÒªÔðÈÎÈ˵ÄÉú²ú¾ÓªÆóÒµÒª¼ÓÇ¿Ó¦¶ÔͶËß¾Ù±¨µÄ´¦ÀíÄÜÁ¦, ÐÐҵлá¼ÓÇ¿¶ÔÐÐÒµÄÚ²¿¹²ÐÔͶËß¾Ù±¨ÎÊÌâµÄ´¦Àí, Éç»á×éÖ¯Öð²½·¢Õ¹³ÉΪ»¯½â¾À·×µÄÖØÒªÁ¦Á¿¡£
¡¡¡¡(ËÄ) ÐγÉÓ¦¶ÔÖ°Òµ´ò¼ÙÈ˵Ĺ淶Á÷³Ì
¡¡¡¡Íƶ¯Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨³ÌÐò¹æ·¶»¯, Ò²ÊÇÓ¦¶ÔÖ°Òµ´ò¼ÙÈ˵ÄÓÐЧ·½Ê½¡£Ö°Òµ´ò¼ÙÈ˵ÄͶËß¾Ù±¨¾ßÓÐÒÔÏÂÌصã:ÊÂÇ°µÄ³ä·Ö×¼±¸, ¹ý³ÌÖнÏÇ¿µÄ·¨ÂÉÒâʶ, ½«Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨×÷Ϊ»ñÈ¡¸ß¶îÅâ³¥µÄÊֶΡ£¹ØÓÚÖ°Òµ´ò¼ÙÈ˵ÄÀû±×, ´ÓÆäµ®ÉúÖ®ÈÕÆð¾ÍÕùÂÛ²»ÐÝ¡£Á¼ÐÔ´ò¼Ù, ¼´°üº¬¶ÔÏû·ÑÕßȨÒæµÄ±£»¤¼°Ê³Æ·°²È«ÎÊÌâ·¢ÏÖµÄÄÚÈÝ, ¶ÔÊг¡µÄ¾»»¯Æðµ½Ò»¶¨×÷ÓÃ;µ«Ëæ×ÅÖ°Òµ´ò¼ÙÈ˵ÄÒ컯, ΪÁËIJȡ×ÔÉíÀûÒæ, Ͷ»úÐ͵ľٱ¨, ×ÅÑÛÓÚ±êÇ©×ÖÌå´óС, µ¥Î»´óСд²»Ò»µÈÓëÏû·ÑÕßȨÒæºÁÎÞ¹ØϵµÄÎÊÌâ, ²»½ö¸øÆóÒµµÄ·¢Õ¹´øÀ´À§ÈÅ, Ò²Ôö¼ÓÁ˼à¹Ü²¿ÃŶÔͶËß¾Ù±¨µÄ´¦Àí¸ºµ£¡£¶ÔÓÚÖ°Òµ´ò¼ÙÈ˵ÄͶËß¾Ù±¨µÄÓ¦¶Ô, ¼à¹Ü²¿ÃÅÓ¦ÒÔ×ñÊØ·¨Âɹ淶ΪǰÌá, ×öºÃÊÜÀí»Ø¸´, ¼ì²éµ÷²é, È«Ãæ´¦ÀíµÄ¹¤×÷¡£ÔÚ×ÔÉíºÏ·¨ºÏ¹æµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ»ý¼«Ó¦¶Ô, ¼ÓÇ¿ÓëÉú²ú¾ÓªÆóÒµ¡¢ÐÐҵлᡢ˾·¨²¿Ãŵŵͨ½»Á÷, ̽Ë÷¶ÔÖ°Òµ´ò¼ÙÈËͶËß¾Ù±¨Ó¦¶ÔµÄ±ê×¼»¯¹¤×÷Á÷³Ì¡£´ËÍâ, ÉîÛÚÊнüÈÕÊ©Ðеġ¶ÉîÛÚ¾¼ÃÌØÇøʳƷ°²È«¼à¶½ÌõÀý¡·µÚ¾ÅÊ®ÆßÌõ¹æ¶¨, “ʳƷҩƷ¼à¶½¹ÜÀí²¿ÃÅ¡¢Ïû·ÑÕßίԱ»áÊÜÀí¹ØÓÚʳƷ°²È«ÎÊÌâµÄͶËß¾Ù±¨Ê±, ·¢ÏÖͶËßÈ˳¬³öºÏÀíÏû·Ñ»òÕßÒÔË÷È¡Åâ³¥¡¢½±Àø×÷ΪÖ÷ÒªÊÕÈëÀ´Ô´Ê±, ¿ÉÒÔÖÕÖ¹µ÷²é²¢½«ÏßË÷ÄÉÈëʳƷ°²È«·çÏÕ¼ì²â·¶Î§¡£µ«ÊÇ, ¿ÉÄÜÒý·¢Ê³Æ·°²È«Ê¹ʻòÕßÉæÏÓ·¸×ïµÄ³ýÍâ¡£”¸Ã¹æ¶¨½«Ö°Òµ´ò¼ÙÈ˵ĶñÒâ¾Ù±¨¾ÜÖ®ÃÅÍâ, µ«ÔÚ¾ßÌåµÄ³ÌÐò°²ÅÅÉÏÈÔÓдýʵ¼ùµÄ½øÒ»²½ÍêÉÆ¡£
¡¡¡¡²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×£º
¡¡¡¡[1] »ª½Üºè, Ëï¾ê¾ê±à.½¨Á¢ÖйúʳƷ°²È«ÖÎÀíÌåϵ[M].±±¾©:Å·Ãˬɱ¤³ö°æ°ì¹«ÊÒ, 2018:96.
¡¡¡¡[2] ½ªÅô.ÎÒ¹úͶËß¾Ù±¨ÖƶȵÄÒþ»¼¡¢³ÉÒò¼°½â¾ö¶Ô²ß——ÒÔרҵάȨÏÖÏóµÄÖÎÀíΪÊÓ½Ç[J].ºÓ±±ÇàÄê¹ÜÀí¸É²¿Ñ§ÔºÑ§±¨, 2017, (5) :67-73.
¡¡¡¡[3] [5]ÅÓ´å.Ê®ÈýÎå¹¹½¨Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨ÌåϵÊØ»¤Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·°²È«Í¶Ëß¾Ù±¨¹¤×÷ÄÉÈëʳƷҩƷ“Ê®ÈýÎ唹滮[J].ÖйúʳƷҩƷ¼à¹Ü, 2017, (4) :8-9.
¡¡¡¡[4] ¹ú¼ÒÊг¡¼à¶½¹ÜÀí×ܾÖʳҩ¼àͳ¼Æ[EB/OL]http://samr.cfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0010/.
¡¡¡¡[6] ²ÌÖÒÔÆ.Êг¡¼à¹ÜÑ¡ÔñÐÔÖ´·¨µÄÀ§¾³¼°¹æÖÆ·¾¶[J].Öйú¹¤É̹ÜÀíÑо¿, 2015 (12) :55-57.
¡¡¡¡[7] »ª½Üºè, Ëï¾ê¾ê±à.½¨Á¢ÖйúʳƷ°²È«ÖÎÀíÌåϵ[M].±±¾©:Å·Ãˬɱ¤³ö°æ°ì¹«ÊÒ, 2018:87.
¡¡¡¡[8] ÐìÃôèº.¹¹½¨»ØÓ¦ÐÍÊг¡¼à¹Üģʽ֮³õ²½ÉèÏë——ÒÔÏû·ÑÕßͶËß¾Ù±¨°¸¼þΪÇÐÈëµã[J].Öйú¹¤É̹ÜÀíÑо¿, 2016, (9) :63-67.
·¢´ï¹ú¼ÒʳƷҩƷ°²È«·¸×ï×ʸñÐÌÁ¢·¨¾Ñé½è¼ø
ΪÁ˽â¾ö¾¼Ã¸ßËÙ·¢Õ¹´øÀ´µÄÖî¶àÉç»áÎÊÌ⣬ÓÐЧµØÔ¤·ÀºÍ³ÍÖθ÷Àྼ÷¸×¸÷¹ú½øÐÐÁ˲»¶ÏµÄ̽Ë÷¡£ÏÖ´úÉç»áÔ½À´Ô½ÖØÊÓÐÌ·£µÄÓÐЧÐÔ£¬¹úÍâ×ʸñÐ̵ÄÁ¢·¨ÌصãºÍ·¢´ï¹ú¼ÒÏȽøµÄÁ¢·¨¾Ñ鶼·Ç³£ÖµµÃÎÒÃǽè¼ø¡£Ò»¡¢¹úÍâ×ʸñÐÌÁ¢·¨×ÜÌåÌØÕ÷¸ÅÊö(Ò»)ÂÞÂí·¨ÖеÄÃû...
ÎÒ¹úʳƷҩƷ°²È«µÄÁ¢·¨ÏÖ×´ÓëÍêÉƽ¨Òé
2015Äê5ÔÂ29ÈÕ£¬Öй²ÖÐÑëÕþÖξ־ͽ¡È«¹«¹²°²È«Ìåϵ½øÐм¯Ìåѧϰ¡£Ï°½üƽÔÚÖ÷³Ö»áÒéʱ̸µ½Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·¼à¹Üʱָ³ö£ºÒªÇÐʵ¼ÓǿʳƷҩƷ°²È«¼à¹Ü£¬ÓÃ×îÑϽ÷µÄ±ê×¼¡¢×îÑϸñµÄ¼à¹Ü¡¢×îÑÏÀ÷µÄ´¦·£¡¢×îÑÏËàµÄÎÊÔ𣬼ӿ콨Á¢¿ÆѧÍêÉƵÄʳƷҩƷ°²È«ÖÎÀíÌåϵ£¬¼á³Ö...
ÉϺ£Ê³Æ·°²È«Éç»á¹²ÖεÄ˼·Óë¾Ù´ë
ʳƷ°²È«¹Øºõÿһ¸öÉç»á³ÉÔ±µÄÉúÃüºÍ½¡¿µ,Éæ¼°µÄÀûÒæ·½ÖÚ¶àÇÒ¹Øϵ¸´ÔÓ,ÊÇÈ«Éç»á¹²Í¬¹Ø×¢µÄÖØ´óÃñÉúÎÊÌâ¡£ÓÉÓÚʳƷ°²È«¼à¹ÜÈÎÎñ·±ÖØ,ÖÂʹÎÒ¹úÒÔÕþ¸®ÎªÖ÷µ¼µÄʳƷ°²È«¼à¹ÜģʽÄÑÒÔÓÐЧӦ¶ÔÈÕÒæÑϾþµÄʳƷ°²È«ÎÊÌâ,ÏÖÐеÄʳƷ°²È«·¨ÂÉÖƶÈÒ²±ØÐë½øÐÐÏàÓ¦µÄ±ä¸ï,...
Å©²úÆ·µ½Ê³Æ·Ò©Æ·¼à¹ÜµÄÎÞ·ìÏνÓ
2014Äê6Ô¡¢12Ô£¬È«¹úÈË´ó³£Î¯»á·Ö±ð¶Ô¡¶Ê³Æ·°²È«·¨£¨ÐÞ¶©²Ý°¸£©¡·½øÐÐÁËÒ»´ÎÉóÒéºÍ¶þ´ÎÉóÒé¡£ÔÚʳƷ°²È«·¨Ñо¿Ð޸Ĺý³ÌÖУ¬ÈçºÎ½øÒ»²½ÍêÉÆʳƷ°²È«¼à¹ÜÌåÖÆÊÇÉç»á¹ã·º¹Ø×¢µÄÈȵãÎÊÌâ¡£°éËæ׏úÎñÔº»ú¹¹¸Ä¸ïºÍÖ°ÄÜת±ä£¬ÎÒ¹úʳƷ°²È«¼à¹ÜÌåÖÆÒ²ËæÖ®·¢Éú±ä»¯...