宪法论文
本篇论文目录导航：
【题目】宪法学视角下台湾统一问题探究
【引言】两德统一方式对两岸统一的启示研究引言
【第一章】关于两岸关系的法律制度现状
【第二章】两德统一前的法律制度情况及两德协议分析
【第三章】两岸关于“一个中国”的“中”之涵义分析
【第四章】台湾问题解决方式与两德统一的经验借鉴探讨
【结论/参考文献】我国解决台湾问题的宪法建议探析结论及参考文献
摘 要
台湾历来是中国神圣领土不可分割的一部分，完成祖国统一大业亦是中华民族寤寐以求的共同愿望。在依法治国的环境下，台湾问题的解决已不再是纯粹的政治性问题，还需要宪法性文件为这一问题的解决提供法理基础，并对具体行为进行规范与指导。因此，为了促进两岸的沟通交流，推动祖国的统一大业，在宪法框架下，我国以制定《反分裂国家法》以及签署海峡两岸关系协会与财团法人海峡交流基金会的协议等方式，为两岸关系的发展提供法律上的依据和保障。就目前而言，我国涉及两岸关系的规范性文件尚显疏漏，并不能完全满足两岸关系发展的需要，尚需要我们从宪法学的角度出发，利用宪法资源，解决两岸关系发展过程中不断出现的新难题与新困境。
与我国尚未完全统一的情形相似，在二战结束之后，由于美苏冷战等因素的影响，德国也经历了被人为割裂为联邦德国与民主德国两个部分的阶段。分裂也并非德国人民之所愿，在两德人民的共同努力下，1990 年 10 月 3 日，民主德国的五个州通过“加入”的方式并入联邦德国，德国至此完成统一大业。在这一过程中，两德在宪法领域的诸多做法，为国家的统一打下了法理基础。例如，在《基本法》中即规定有“加入”与“制宪”的国家统一途径等内容。两德统一过程中曾采用过的方法和途径或许不能直接为我国所用，但其中体现出的以宪法机制作为国家统一框架，通过国家协议缓和双方关系，借由宪法解释方法推动国家统一进程等理念和经验，却可以为我国台湾问题的解决提供有利的借鉴。
基于此，本文通过历史与比较的研究方法，在宪法学的范畴内，对两德统一过程中的经验教训进行科学考察，理性地分析该经验教训在我国解决台湾问题过程中的可行性，力求为我国台湾问题的解决提供一定的思路。在文章的结构与内容上，本文主要采取以下逻辑思路：首先，厘清两岸有关台湾问题的规范性文件，分析存在的不足与解决思路。虽然大陆与台湾方面均就两岸关系出台了部分规范性文件，海峡两岸关系协会、财团法人海峡交流基金会为适应两岸民间交流的需要也签订了一系列协议，但有关两岸关系的法律制度仍不够完善，存在缺乏具体指导两岸关系立法的法律规范、两会协议性质不够明晰等问题。其次，探讨我国大陆与台湾地区相互关系的性质，明确二者同属“一个中国”之“中”的具体内涵。最后，本文将在借鉴两德统一方式的基础上，分析我国解决台湾问题的困境、两岸统一的相关学说，在宪法学的维度内，提出促进两岸统一的相关建议。
关键词：台湾问题 两德统一 宪法途径
ABSTRACT
Taiwan has been an inalienable part of China's sacred territory, and thereunification of the motherland is the common aspiration of the Chinesenation. In the rule of law environment, the solution of the Taiwan issue isno longer a pure political problem, which means it also need constitutionaldocuments to provide legal basis for solving this problem, to standardizeand to guide the specific behavior during this cause. Therefore, in order topromote cross-strait exchanges and the reunification of the motherland,China has made the “Anti-secession Law” and agreement were signedbetween ARATS （Association for Relations across the Taiwan Straits） andSEF （Straits Exchange Foundation） under the frame of constitution. Allthese provide the basis and legal safeguard for the development ofcross-strait relations. At present, the regulatory documents on cross-straitrelations in China remain omissions, thus cannot fully meet the needs of thedevelopment of cross-strait relations. We still need to start from theperspective of constitutional law and use the constitutional resources, tosolve new problems and dilemmas emerging constantly during thedevelopment of cross-strait relations.
Similar to the division of China, after the end of World War II, due tothe impact of the U.S. - Soviet cold war, Germany had been fragmentedinto two parts: the German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republicof Germany. Division is not what the German people want. Fortunately inOctober 3, 1990, under the joint efforts of both parts, the all five states ofGerman Democratic Republic, added into the Federal Republic of Germany,thus realized the reunification of Germany. In this process, the two Germancountries have made a lot of efforts in the field of constitution, to lay thelegal foundation for the reunification of the country. For example, the“Basic Law” has set rules of “add into” and “merging” as means tocomplete the reunification of country. The methods and ways of thereunification of Germanys may not be imitated directly, but theirexperience and idea can provide beneficial reference to solve China'sTaiwan problem, such as using the constitutional mechanism as theframework of reunification, easing relations through the national agreement,and promoting national unity progress by the constitutional interpretation.
Based on what aforementioned, using historical research andcomparative method, this article carried out scientific survey on theexperiences and lessons in the process of the reunification of the twoGermanys in the field of constitutional law, and analyzed the feasibility ofthe experience and lessons in the settlement of Taiwan issue rationally, inorder to provide some ideas to solve China's Taiwan problem. The structureand contents of the article develop as the following logic: first, the articlewill clarify the regulatory documents on the Taiwan issue, and analyze theirshortcomings and solutions. Although China mainland and Taiwan havepublished some regulations about the cross-strait relation, the ARATS andthe SEF also have signed a lot of agreements, but the problem still exist,that the regulations are lack of concrete guidance and the agreements arenot specific enough. Secondly, analyze the nature of the relationshipbetween the mainland and Taiwan, and make clear the intension of “twoone China”. Finally, this paper will, based on the analysis of the Taiwanissue, relative theories on the reunification of both sides, and the lessonsfrom the reunification of Germany, put forward some suggestions topromote the reunification across the strait in the constitutional dimension.
KEY WORDS: Taiwan Issue, German reunification, constitutionalapproach
目 录
引 言
一、问题由来
二、文献综述
三、研究方法
第一章 关于两岸关系的法律制度现状
第一节 两岸法律制度现状
一、大陆：《宪法》与《反分裂国家法》
二、台湾：“宪法增修条文”与《两岸关系条例》
第二节 海协会、海基会签订的协议
一、大陆对两会协议的定位
二、台湾对两会协议的定位
第二章 两德统一前的法律制度情况及两德协议
第一节 联邦德国《基本法》与联邦宪法法院的判决
一、《基本法》中的“国家统一义务”
二、联邦宪法法院的判决对“国家统一义务”的阐释
第二节 两德签订的协议
第三节 借鉴两德经验分析关于两岸关系法律制度存在的问题
第三章 “一个中国”的“中”之涵义
第一节 两岸关于只有“一个中国”的共识--“九二共识”
第二节 两岸关于“中”之涵义的分歧
一、大陆对“中”的理解
二、台湾对“中”的理解
第三节 “一个中国”之“中”的应有之义
第四章 台湾问题解决方式与两德统一的经验借鉴
第一节 两德统一的经验
一、新东方政策
二、两德间相互关系的定位
三、“加入”与“制宪”的统一路径
第二节 两岸统一模式的相关学说
第三节 “一国两制”台湾模式
结 论
参考文献