基于网络时代的私人复制著作权问题研究

　　摘要

　　着作权法自诞生之日起就肩负着保护着作权人利益和保障公共利益的双重使命，通过维护着作权人的利益以鼓励作者进行作品创作和传播，最终促进人类科学文化事业的发展。传统条件下的私人复制对于平衡着作权人利益和公共利益起到了重要作用，是着作权法的基本内容。但是随着科学技术的快速发展，私人复制的合理性问题遭到了质疑，如何重新定位私人复制的性质，如何平衡着作权人和使用者的利益，是当前着作权法亟待解决的问题。

　　本文的第一部分概述了私人复制问题，首先介绍了私人复制从印刷术时代至数字网络时代的发展史，然后分析了私人复制的概念和特征，进而讨论了数字网络时代下私人复制的新特征以及数字技术给私人复制带来的冲击，主要有复制主体的泛化导致着作权法调整的失衡及私人复制的合理使用属性遭到质疑，由此引出了本文的讨论重点，即如何应对数字技术给私人复制和着作权法带来的危机。

　　第二部分介绍了美国版权法史中的私人复制问题，通过透析美国版权史上有关私人复制的经典案例如 Sony 案、Napster 案及 Grokster 案等，探究如何在保护技术进步前提下使私人复制使用者承担其应有的补偿责任，以平衡着作权人、私人复制使用者和技术提供者的利益。

　　第三部分分析了解决网络环境下私人复制应以价值衡平原则为指导，从“效率优先，兼顾公平”、“合理考量秩序、公正和效益的关系”及“利益衡平与补偿”等价值衡平总体要求出发论证了兼顾着作权人、使用者和技术提供者利益的重要性。探讨了网络环境背景下应对私人复制利益平衡问题的 “私人复制补偿金制度”及“由合理使用向法定许可过渡”等新对策，从而为我国的借鉴做铺垫。

　　第四部分梳理了我国着作权法视野下的私人复制问题，提出我国私人复制规制的不足，结合前面四部分的内容提出完善私人复制相关规定，改造合理使用制度。建设性的提出在网络环境下把法定许可和补偿金制度相结合，以更好的维护着作权人、私人复制使用者和技术提供者的利益。

　　关键字：私人复制 法定许可 补偿金制度 价值衡平

　　Abstract

　　The copyright law is shouldering the dual mission to protect the interests of the copyrightowner and to safeguard the public interests since the date of its birth. By encouraging theauthor's creation and communication with the protection of the owner's interest, the copy rightlaw promotes the development of human science and culture eventually. Private copying playedan important role in balancing copyright owner's interest and public interest under thetraditional condition and, is the basic principle of the copyright law. But with the rapiddevelopment of science and technology, the rationality of the private copying issue is beingquestioned. How to redefine the nature of the private copying and how to deal with thechallenge which private copying brings to copyright law under the condition of technologydevelopment, are the burning questions in the law of copyright.

　　The first part of this article summarizes the private copying issue. First of all, it introducesthe history of private copying from the printing press era to the digital network era. And then itanalyzes the concept and characteristics of private copying. In the last, it discusses the newfeatures under the digital network era and the impact of digital technology brings to privatecopying. Thus it raises the focus of this article, that is how to deal with crisis which digitaltechnology brings.

　　The second part introduces the Private copying problem of American copyright law. Byanalyzing the history of American copyright case related to private copying such as Williams&Wilkins case, Sony case, it explores how the private copying user takes its legal responsibilityunder the technological advance. Thus it draws to find out how to balance the interest ofprivate copying user , the copyright owner and the technology provider.

　　The third part analyzes the private copying under network environment that guided by theprinciple of value equity. It demonstrates the importance of balance of copyright owner, privatecopying user and technology providers interests from general requirements that “giving priorityto efficiency due consideration to fairness” and “reasonable consideration of the relationshipbetween the order, justice and efficiency” and “the interests of equity and compensation”. Thenit responds to balance measures that “private copying compensation system” and “fair use bythe transition to a statutory license” and other new measures under the background of thenetwork environment, thus laying the groundwork for our reference.

　　The fourth part combs the private copying issue under the view of our country's copyrightlaw and points out the shortage of our country copyright law. It concludes that in order toperfect our private copying issue we need to improve the relevant regulation, remake fair usesystem and build up a private compensation system with Chinese characteristics.

　　Key words: private copying,legal license system,compensation system,value equality

 

　　目录

　　摘要

　　Abstract

　　目录

　　引言

　　1 私人复制问题概述

　　1.1 私人复制的演变史--从印刷术时代到数字网络时代

　　1.2 私人复制的概念和特征

　　1.3 私人复制带来的挑战

　　2 美国版权法史上私人复制问题

　　2.1 从 Williams&Wilkins 案到 Sony 案

　　2.2Napster 案

　　2.3Grokster 案

　　2.4 启示

　　3 私人复制着作权法问题中的基本原则与制度选择

　　3.1 价值衡平原则

　　3.2 价值衡平下的制度选择

　　4 我国着作权法视野下的私人复制问题

　　4.1 与私人复制有关的立法现状及不足

　　4.2 私人复制制度的完善建议

　　结语

　　参考文献

　　致谢