摘 要
随着“工业型经济”向“服务型经济”转变，服务业在整个经济体系中占比逐步增加，而作为与制造业紧密联系的生产性服务业，在促进制造业产业结构升级上发挥更重要的功能。尤其是对正处于经济转型期的中国，生产性服务业地位愈加突出。近年来，生产性服务业集聚在世界范围内得到验证、产业内部空间特征逐步显现，产业集聚下资源共享、品牌效应和布局优化成为促进经济发展和产业转型升级的源动力。因此生产性服务业集聚与空间分布成为学者研究热点。
本文选取福建省作为研究主体，在参考国内外相关理论和研究进展的基础上，首先分析福建省生产性服务业的集聚和空间布局的现状，通过计算空间基尼系数和区位熵对福建省 2004 年和 2014 年生产性服务业各行业空间集聚进行动态比较；其次从整体和分行业两个视角分析产业升级指标、对外贸易水平、政府支出比率、制造业增加值和城镇化率、人力资本 6 个因素对福建省生产性服务业空间分布的影响，并进行稳健性检验和合理的解释；最后根据上述结果，从政府视角和行业视角提出相关政策建议。
研究发现，2004-2014 年间，福建省生产性服务业分行业的空间分布和集聚状况发生了变化。交通运输、仓储和邮电业由东南沿海集聚（福州、厦门）向西北地区（南平、三明、宁德）和东南地区同时集聚，集聚最高的是厦门地区。信息传输、计算机服务和软件业由全省均匀分布逐步向北部（南平、宁德）和厦门周边这两块地区转移。金融业区位优势没有大幅转移，主要集中于除福州、厦门两地外的其他地区，说明两地金融业发达，但其金融业在整个生产性服务业中比重小，莆田和三明区位熵最高。对于租赁和商务服务业，2004 年龙岩市的该行业占据绝对的集聚优势，到 2014 年，集聚仍然位于龙岩和福州地区，但龙岩仍然要高于福州。对于科研、技术服务和地质勘查业，总体上在样本期间地区集聚位置不变，主要是分布在省会福州地区。
从影响因素来看：生产性服务业空间集聚具有惯性；城镇化率对整体生产性服务业区位熵系数有显着的正影响；政府支出比重对交通仓储邮电业区位熵系数有显着的正影响；高等院校比重变量对信息传输计算机软件业区位熵系数有正影响；产业结构升级、第二产业增加值比重对金融业区位熵系数有正影响，政府支出比重则有负影响；产业结构升级和对外开放度对租赁商务服务业区位熵系数有显着正影响；第二产业增加值比重、城镇化率对科研技术服务业区位熵系数有负影响，而高等院校比重变量有正影响。
关键词：生产性服务业；集聚；空间分布；影响因素
Abstract
With the development of the society, the industrial-based economy turns to service-orientedeconomy, the service industry constitutes greater proportion of the entire economy. Producerservice industry, which is closely associated with manufacturing industry, plays an important rolein upgrading of an industrial structure. In recent years, the agglomeration of the producer serviceindustry was proved all over the word, and spatial characteristics appeared progressively. In aword, industry agglomeration becomes the driving force in promoting economic developmentand industrial upgrading. Therefore, many scholars turn their eyes to this area.
This article selects Fujian Province as the researching area. On the basis of relevant theoriesand researches at home and abroad, this paper firstly analyses the current situation ofagglomeration and spatial distribution of the producer services industry in Fujian Province. Thenchoose the relevant measure methods include coefficient and location quotient two angles tomeasure the degree of producer services agglomeration in Fujian Province. After this, the paperestablishes index system of influence factors of produce services agglomeration from theperspective of overall and industry. Finally, the paper puts forward relevant policy suggestionsfrom the perspective of government and industry.
It has been discovered that the spatial agglomeration of producer services shifted during theperiod between 2004 and 2014 in Fujian. Transportation, warehousing and postal service-concentrated region from the southeast coast（Fuzhou, Xiamen） to the northwest （NanpingSanming Ningde） and the south-east areas. Xiamen takes the leading position. Informationtransmission, computer services and software industry equally distributed in 2004, however, ithas turned to the north of the provincial （Nanping Ningde） and surrounding area of Xiamen in2014. Financial industry' spatial distribution have not changed, mainly concentrated in theareas except Fuzhou Xiamen.Indicating financial industry developed fast in both areas, but itsfinancial sector in the producer services proportion was small, Putian and Sanmingwere in the lead. For leasing and business services, Longyan went ahead in 2004, in 2014 theagglomeration was located in Longyan and Fuzhou , but Longyan has absolute advantage. Forscientific research and technical services and geological reconnaissance industry, agglomerationis mainly distributed in Fuzhou.
From the view of influencing factors, the spatial agglomeration of producer services haveinertia. The urbanization rate has significant positive effects on the whole location entropycoefficient of producer services. Proportion of government spending have significant positiveeffects on transport, warehousing postal service's location quotient. Proportion of colleges anduniversities have a positive impact on information transmission computer software industry'slocation quotient. The index of industrial structure upgrade, manufacturing industry's additionhave active influence on finance location entropy coefficient, however, the Proportion ofgovernment spending just the opposite. Both upgrading of industrial structure and foreignopenness have significant positive effects on the lease and business services. Manufacturingvalue added and urbanization rate have a negative effect on scientific research and technologyservice industry, while the proportion of institutions of higher schools have positive impact.
Keywords:producer service industry;agglomeration;spatial distribution;influence factors
目 录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 选题依据与研究意义
1.1.1 选题依据
1.1.2 研究意义
1.2 研究思路和研究内容
1.2.1 研究思路
1.2.2 研究内容
1.3 研究方法及创新点
1.3.1 研究方法
1.3.2 创新点
第 2 章 相关概念及文献综述
2.1 相关概念
2.1.1 生产性服务业
2.1.2 生产性服务业集聚
2.2 理论基础
2.2.1 产业链角度
2.2.2 要素角度
2.2.3 地理角度
2.3 文献综述
2.3.1 生产性服务业集聚程度测算研究
2.3.2 生产性服务业集聚的空间分布研究
2.3.3 生产性服务业集聚的影响因素研究
2.3.4 福建省生产性服务业集聚的相关研究
2.3.5 文献评述
第 3 章 福建省生产性服务业集聚与空间布局现状
3.1 福建省生产性服务业发展现状
3.1.1 生产性服务业发展总况
3.1.2 生产性服务业内部结构
3.2 福建省生产性服务业集聚水平测算
3.2.1 基于空间基尼系数
3.2.2 基于区位熵指数
3.3 福建省生产性服务业空间分布及其动态演变
3.4 本章小结
第 4 章 福建省生产性服务业空间布局的影响因素研究
4.1 模型构建
4.2 变量选取与数据来源
4.2.1 解释变量选取
4.2.2 被解释变量选取
4.2.3 数据来源
4.3 实证分析及结果解释
4.3.1 基于整体生产性服务业空间布局的影响分析
4.3.2 基于五个分行业空间布局的影响分析
4.4 本章小结
第 5 章 政策建议
5.1 政府层面
5.1.1 加快城镇化进程，培育良好集聚环境
5.1.2 建设集聚功能区，发挥区域特色优势
5.1.3 依托开放新格局，探寻对外交流合作
5.2 行业层面
5.2.1 交通运输、仓储和邮政业
5.2.2 信息传输、计算机服务和软件业
5.2.3 金融业
5.2.4 租赁和商务服务业
第 6 章 研究结论和展望
6.1 研究结论
6.2 展望
致 谢
参考文献
