我国劳动争议裁审体制问题研究 中英文摘要

　　内容摘要

　　我国现行劳动争议处理的体制属于“一裁二审、仲裁前置”模式，即仲裁是诉讼的必经程序。该体制在处理劳动争议，建立和谐劳动关系方面发挥了重要作用。但是，与此同时，它也存在诸多弊端，使得许多劳动争议案件不能得到及时妥善地解决，没能全面地维护当事人的合法权益，究其原因，主要在于劳动争议处理的裁审关系协调上。如何改革裁审关系，发挥仲裁和诉讼解决纠纷机制各自的优势，克服各自的劣势，使劳动争议裁审体制在维护劳资双方当事人合法权益中起到更好的作用，成为当前劳动争议处理机制改革的关键。因此，立足我国国情，研究劳动争议处理裁审关系，改革和创新现行劳动争议裁审体制，对于劳动争议解决机制的完善具有十分重要的意义。

　　本文本着公平、公正和效率的指导原则，以劳动争议仲裁与诉^^职能之间的合理配置为中心线索进行分析论述。首先，对我国劳动争议处理概况进行介绍分析；其次，介绍我国现行的裁审关系体制，并以汕头为例，分析目前我国裁审体制存在的裁审关系不协调、劳动争议处理周期冗长化等的主要问题；再次，概述国内学者对改造我国裁审关系的主要理论并分别对其利弊进行评价，同时，通过分析比较德国、美国、澳大利亚等国劳动争议处理的经验，探寻完善我国劳动争议处理机制的可能之策，分析说明了 “裁审分离、争议分流”模式是我国裁审关系改造和完善的方向，是在现有条件下最现实的选择；最后，对如何实现“裁审分离、争议分流”模式提出有创新性的建议：一是设立实体化的仲裁机构；二是强化工会职能，贯彻劳动仲裁的“三方原则”；三是设立专门的劳动争议审判机构；四是形成争议处理的成本阶梯；最后是完善立法。

　　关键词：劳动争议；仲裁；裁审关系

　　Abstrac

　　tChina's current labor dispute settlement mechanism belongs to a mode of"arbitration before trial", it means lawsuit coming after arbitration which is anecessary procedure. The mechanism plays an important role in handling labordisputes and establishing harmonious labor relations. However, there are also manydisadvantages that the labor dispute case could not be solved properly and promptly，the legitimate rights and interests of the parties could not be safeguarded in the round.

　　The problem above lies in the relationship between arbitration and trial. How tocoordinate and reform the relationship between arbitration and trial, give full play tothe advantages and avoid the disadvantages of arbitration and litigation mechanismrespectively，play a better role in safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests ofboth parties, become the key to reforming the current labor dispute settlementmechanism. Therefore，based on China's national conditions，to study the relationshipbetween arbitration and trial，will be of great importance in reforming and innovatingthe the current labor dispute settlement mechanism.

　　This text with the guiding principles of fairness, justice and efficiency, to join thelabor dispute arbitration and litigation for the center clues were analyzed in this paper.

　　The article contains four parts as follows:

　　The first part will make a brief discussion about the current labor disputesettlement mechanism in China.

　　The second part will introduces the current dispute settlement mechanism, andtaking Shantou as an example, analyses the main problem such as there isuncoordinated relationship in the dispute settlement mechanism and the labor disputeprocessing last a too long period.

　　The third part will outline the main theories of the relationship betweenarbitration and trial which have been put forward by the domestic scholars, point outthe advantages and disadvantages of each theories. At the same time，analyze andcompare of the experience of the settlement of labor dispute in Germany, American,Australia and other countries, explore the perfection of the settlement of labor dispute,illustrate that "the separation of arbitration and trial，dispute diversion" is a reform andperfect direction for the labor dispute settlement mechanism in china，is the mostpractical choice in the existing conditions.

　　The fourth part will offer some innovative suggestions of how to achieve"separation of arbitration and trial, controversial streaming" mode: one is to establishthe arbitral body; two is to strengthen the function of labor union, carry out the "threeprinciples" of labor arbitration; three is to establish a labor dispute trial institutions;four is to form the cost ladder of dispute settlement; the last is to perfect thelegislation.

　　Key words： Labor dispute; arbitration; the connection with arbitration and trial
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