摘要
普惠金融发展理念在十八届三中全会被正式提出，其目的正是为了缓解我国当前金融资源配置不均衡的现状，促进资源向落后地区流动，从而让低收入弱势群体也可以享有同等金融服务的权力，最终能缩小城乡之间的收入差距。但我国城乡贫富差距一直以来都存在，因此结合我国实际情况，探讨普惠金融发展与城乡收入差距之间的关系，有助于了解我国普惠金融发展现状，并在此角度下为缓解贫富差距提出具有针对性的对策建议。
本文参考当前国内外研究，结合中国金融发展情况及数据获取情况，借鉴了 Sarma提出的普惠金融发展指标体系，选取了金融服务可获得性，使用情况，服务质量三个维度下的 8 个指标，并引入支持 “三农”和小额贷款公司发展的 2 个指标，对我国 2005-2016年 31 个省的普惠金融发展水平进行了测算，通过对照与分析，发现在全国范围内，普惠金融发展水平在不断提升，但地区之间差距仍较大。理论上，普惠金融发展通过降低门槛效应，消除排斥效应，降低贫困效应的直接作用机制，以及促进经济增长的间接效应机制来缩小城乡贫富差距。
实证部分，构建 31 个省 2005-2016 年间的面板数据模型进行回归分析。结果显示：
首先，由于我国宏观政策的大力支持，当前在全国范围内普惠金融发展较为显着地缩小了城乡收入差距。其次，通过各地区的实证结果，可以看出在我国东部，中部，西部普惠金融发展都较为显着地缩小了城乡之间的收入差距，并且西部地区的作用程度要大于东、中部地区，可见我国普惠金融机制在西部地区取得了更好的成效，同时说明当前我国东部地区金融宽度已发展到较高水平，该地区应该在保持金融服务覆盖率基础上，从发展金融深度，提高金融服务质量方向进一步推进金融改革。
关键词：普惠金融；城乡收入差距；面板数据；回归分析
Abstract
The concept of inclusive financial development was formally proposed in the thirdPlenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. The purpose is to alleviate the currentsituation of unbalanced allocation of financial resources in China, promote the flow ofresources to backward areas, and allow the low income disadvantaged groups to enjoy thesame financial service, and eventually reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas.
However, the gap between the rich and poor in urban and rural areas has always existed in ourcountry. Therefore, combining the actual situation of our country, the relationship between thefinancial development and the income gap between the urban and rural areas will be helpful tounderstand the present situation of the general financial development in China, and to putforward some countermeasures and suggestions to alleviate the gap between the rich and poor.
In this paper, referring to current domestic and overseas research on various indexsystems proposed by Inclusive Finance, combined with China's financial development, I drawon Sarma's inclusive financial index system. I selected ten indicators for the use of financialservices, quality of service, availability of financial services, and introduced two indicators tosupport the development of three rural and small loan companies innovatively. Through thecomparative analysis of the inclusive financial development index of 31 provinces in2005-2016 years, we find that the development level of Inclusive Finance has beencontinuously improving throughout the country, but there is a large gap between variousregions. In theory, through reducing the threshold effect of financial services, eliminating theexclusion effect, reducing the direct mechanism of the poverty effect and the indirect effectmechanism of economic growth, the financial development of Inclusive Finance reduces thegap between the rich and the poor in urban and rural areas.
In the empirical part, the panel data of 31 provinces in 2005-2016 years were constructedfor regression analysis. The results show that due to the strong support of China's macropolicy, the current national inclusive financial development has significantly reduced theincome gap between urban and rural areas. Through the empirical results of various regions, itcan be seen that the income gap between urban and rural areas is narrowed significantly in theeastern, central and western regions of China, and the role of the western region is greaterthan that in the eastern and central regions. It can be seen that the Pratt and Whitney financialmechanism in China has achieved better results in the western region. At present, the financialwidth of the eastern part of China has developed to a high level. The financial reform shouldbe further promoted from the development of the financial depth and the improvement of thefinancial service quality.
Key Words: Inclusive Finance; Income gap between urban and rural areas; Panel data;Regression analysis
目录
第 1 章 引言
1.1 研究背景和意义 .
1.1.1 研究背景
1.1.2 研究意义
1.2 文献综述 .
1.2.1 传统金融发展与城乡收入差距
1.2.2 普惠金融相关文献综述
1.2.3 普惠金融发展与城乡收入差距
1.3 论文研究设计 .
1.3.1 研究内容及框架
1.3.2 创新点
1.3.3 不足
第 2 章 普惠金融发展影响城乡收入差距的机制分析
2.1 普惠金融基础概念研究 .
2.1.1 普惠金融内涵
2.1.2 普惠金融体系框架
2.2 城乡二元化结构对收入差距的影响 .
2.2.1 城乡经济二元化结构对收入差距的影响
2.2.2 城乡金融二元化结构对收入差距的影响
2.3 普惠金融发展对城乡收入差距的作用机制 .
2.3.1 直接作用机制
2.3.2 间接作用机制
第 3 章 中国普惠金融与城乡收入差距的现状分析
3.1 中国普惠金融发展现状 .
3.1.1 普惠金融发展对中小微企业的支持
3.1.2 普惠金融发展对小额贷款公司的支持
3.1.3 普惠金融对“三农”贷款的支持.
3.1.4 互联网下的普惠金融发展
3.2 普惠金融发展水平的测算及分析 .
3.2.1 普惠金融发展指数的构建
3.2.2 普惠金融发展水平测算
3.3 城乡收入差距现状分析 .
3.3.1 城乡收入差距的变迁过程
3.3.2 城乡收入差距的测算与分析
第 4 章 普惠金融发展影响城乡收入差距的实证分析
4.1 变量选取及描述性统计分析 .
4.1.1 控制变量的选择
4.1.2 变量的描述性统计分析
4.2 实证检验过程 .
4.2.1 模型设定
4.2.2 面板单位根检验
4.2.3 协整检验
4.2.4 面板模型识别
4.2.5 面板回归结果分析
4.3 小结 .
第 5 章 结论
参考文献
