摘 要
让·鲍德里亚是法国着名的哲学家、社会学家，也被认为是法国旗帜最为鲜明、着作最为晦涩、创作力最为丰富的后现代理论家，是“现时代最重要和最具煽动性的作者”.鲍德里亚知识广博，他的作品涉及哲学、分析学、美学、建筑学、社会学、人类学、符号学等诸多领域。鲍德里亚对当代西方资本主义社会有着十分深刻的思考，在这种思考之下，鲍德里亚取得了丰硕的理论成果。他一生出版着作 50 余部，这些着作几乎涵盖了现代社会所有的热点问题。正因如此，他被学术界誉为现代社会思想大师，知识的“恐怖主义者”.从二十世纪五六十年代开始，西方资本主义国家从工业社会向后工业社会的转变，这种转变不仅使劳动和生产性质发生改变，更深深地影响着大众的日常消费领域。鲍德里亚敏锐的捕捉到了这种变化，从西方马克思主义的主流观点中突围出来。从分析物品和消费入手，他把符号学引入其研究领域，开创出独树一帜的符号消费思想，将对资本主义“消费社会”的考察和批判引领到新的境界。
本文以鲍德里亚早期的着作为依据，以揭示符号政治经济学理论对马克思政治经济学的理论贡献和误读作为写作“主要目的”,通过比较马克思政治经济学和鲍德里亚符号经济学两大体系之间的关系，研究鲍德里亚符号政治经济学向马克思主义政治经济学的“过渡”和“转换”.在这一转换过程中凸显出许多值得深入思考的问题：鲍德里亚进行这一转换的目的，进行转换的条件，完成转换的方法，以及这一转换的实质是和理论与现实意义等。论文要紧紧围绕这些问题设置自己论文的架构和问题结构。
从手头的研究资料来看，鲍德里亚的符号政治经济学理论和马克思主义政治经济学既有千丝万缕的联系，又有着本质性的区别：一方面，鲍德里亚是在马克思主义政治经济学的问题域下进行的思考。另一方面，两者又因为所处时代，研究方法，理论依据等方面的不同，使两者的理论呈现出一种若即若离的微妙关系。时代的发展使资本主义社会在政治、经济、文化领域产生了巨大的变化，这些变化主要体现在生产力发展的条件下社会物质生产水平有了极大地提高，社会从物质匮乏的时代进入到丰裕社会时代，这一转变构成了鲍德里亚理论转变的现实基础。社会发展推动了理论界的研究，法兰克福学派对启蒙思想的反思，对科学技术、意识形态、大众文化的研究成果为鲍德里亚的转化提供了坚实的理论基础。鲍德里亚沿袭了马克思的异化思维模式，在列斐伏尔大众文化理论、拉康精神分析学和罗兰巴特的神话学的综合影响之下建立起来一套符号学，精神分析学，异化思维模式交织在一起的独特研究方法。从马克思主义政治经济学向符号政治经济学转变的过程中，鲍德里亚对马克思主义政治经济学既有理论贡献，这种贡献主要体现在将马克思主义政治经济学研究提供了一种新的角度，即符号学角度；使马克思主义政治经济学在文化领域的研究进一步深化。也有不足，即过度的强调了物的意义性维度，使物的自然维度被遮蔽，这种激进的观点必然导致其理论现实性的缺失。
关键字：消费，政治经济学，符号，丰裕，匮乏，生产
ABSTRACT
Jean Baudrillard was a famous French philosopher, sociologist.He was also considered a person,Who toke a clear-cut stand, most obscure works, creativity being the most abundant post-modern theorist,“the era of the most important and most provocative writers”. Baudrillard was knowledgeable. his worksrelated to philosophy, aesthetics, analysis, architecture, sociology, anthropology, semiotics and other fields.
Baudrillard had a very profound thinking on Contemporary Western capitalist society. In this kind ofthinking, Baudrillard achieved fruitful theoretical results. He published 50 books. The book covers almostall the hot issues in modern society. Because of this, he was known as the master of academic thought inmodern society, the knowledge of “terrorists”. From the beginning of fifty or sixty's of the twentiethCentury, the western capitalist countries, was being the transition from industrial society to post-industrialsociety, this change not only change the nature of labor and production, more deeply influence people'sdaily consumption. Baudrillard is keen to capture this change. He break out from the mainstream view ofWestern Marx's. Starting from the analysis of goods and consumption, he put the semiotics into his studyfield, and create an independent school thoughts of symbol consumption, which will lead to the capitalist“consumer society” study and criticism to a new realm.
his paper basising on Baudrillard's early works, with the writing purpose of revealing themisreading of symbol political economy theory to Marx political economics theory and through thecomparison of relationship between two systems, study the transition and “conversion”,from Baudrillardsymbol political economy to Marx's political economics this transition and “conversion” Show manyproblems worth further thinking: the conversion of the objective, the conversion conditions, the completingof the conversion method, as well as the theoretical essence and realistic significance of this conversion.
The paper must focus on these issues or ideas to set its own architecture and structure.
From the research on the information, symbol of political economy theory of Baudrillard andMarx's political economics have many faces of connections, but they also has the essential difference: onthe one hand, Baudrillard is under consideration in Marx's political economics problem domain. On theother hand, because of the different of times, research methods, theoretical basis and so on, the two theoriespresents a subtle relationship neither friendly nor aloof. With the development of the era capitalist societyproduced tremendous change which exists in the political, economic, and cultural fields. These changesmainly reflect the social material production level of productivity is greatly improved. Under developmentconditions, society entered into the era of the affluent society from material scarcity society, this changeconstitutes the basis of Baudrillard theory. The development of the society promote The theory. Thethought of Frankfurt School on enlightenment, research on science and technology, ideology, mass cultureprovides a solid theoretical basis for Baudrillard's transformation. Baudrillard followed Marx's mode ofalienation thinking, in Lefebvre's theory of popular culture, under the comprehensive influence of Lacanianpsychoanalysis and Roland Barthes mythologies semiotics, psychoanalysis, mode of alienation thinking areintertwined in the unique research methods. The transition from Marx's political economics to the politicaleconomy of symbols, there is theoretical contribution, the contribution is embodied in will provide a newperspective of Marx economics politics, namely the semiotics angle; the research in the field of culturefurther deepening of Marx's political economics. There is also insufficient, excessive emphasis on thesignificance of dimensions of object, so that the natural dimension of material to be covered, the radicalnotion will inevitably lead to the loss of its theoretical realityKEY WORDS:Consumption, political economics, symbol, rich society, poor society, production
目 录
摘 要
ABSTRACT
一 绪论
1.1 选题背景及意义
1.1.1 选题背景
1.1.2 选题意义
1.2 鲍德里亚研究现状
1.3 论文的研究思路
1.4 研究方法
1.4.1 查阅文献法
1.4.2 对比研究法
1.4.3 总结归纳法
1.4.4 举例论证法
1.5 鲍德里亚生平
二 理论演变的社会背景，理论背景和逻辑转换
2.1 鲍德里亚思想阶段划分
2.2 鲍德里亚符号政治经济学的现实根基和理论背景
2.2.1 符号政治经济学的现实根基
2.2.2 法兰克福学派的意识形态批判
2.2.3 大众文化意识形态的批判
2.2.4 消费社会符号政治经济学理论的三重逻辑
三 符号政治经济学构建的方法论基础
3.1 异化
3.2 消费社会的文化视域
3.3 物的符号价值体系
四 消费社会符号政治经济学与马克思主义政治经济学的“异”与“同”
4.1 鲍德里亚对物的意义价值维度的凸显
4.2 鲍德里亚的阿基米德之点--从经济型交换到象征性交换
4.3 从商品拜物教到物的拜物教--异化思维方式的延续
后记
参考文献
