摘 要
在中国以描写山河自然景观题材的山水画被称为中国的四绝之一，它的兴起和变迁揭示了士大夫和文人的思想审美情感历程。中国的古典园林又大多出乎文人画家与匠工之合作，这些诗画家和匠工是计成所说的“殊有识鉴”的“能主之人”.历史上诗画艺术家经常参与园林的设计规划、品评，自己也喜欢文化环境建设，一个小园，两三亩地，垒石为山，筑亭为上，引水为池，种花莳竹，新句题蕉叶，于焉逍遥，园林与画家结下了不解之缘。18 世纪着名的园林理论家钱伯斯曾说过中国的造园家是画家和哲学家的结合体，并不像其他的国家随便一个建筑师都可以造园。中国山水画与中国古典园林都建立在了中国传统自然美学基础上，本文通过对中国绘画史和中国园林文化的研究整理总结出了天人合一的自然观、六法论和意境的表达等方面的艺术精髓，又通过对园林在空间处理、构图形式、色彩语言和物质构成等方面的总结，给中国现代园林很多的启示，对现代风景园林设计来讲，这些艺术精髓为中国现代园林奠定了造园的基础，具有很重要的现实意义和价值。
改革开放以来，随着人们物质生活水平的提高，人们对良好的生产生活环境的需求与日俱增，恢复了大量的名胜古迹，新建了大量的城市公园、风景名胜区、森林公园和地质公园，我国的园林事业得到了空前的发展。但是，在园林设计中，不考虑本地实际，盲目效仿、照搬西方园林，有失中华园林的艺术特色。中国园林现在的首要任务是找回自己丢失的具有中国特色独特审美的造园理念，分清有哪些传统是不适应现代社会发展人们生活需求的，有哪些是应该继承和发扬光大的。对于我们来说，这些艺术文明都是中华文化的瑰宝，这是西方园林所没有的。我们通过对山水画和中国古典园林的研究分析，探讨二者在历史发展中的相互联系和他们对现代景观设计的种种启示进行分析并举例进行阐述。提炼出具有中国特色的造园精髓，并和现代生活环境相融合，为建造出具有中国特色的满足人们需求的可游、可观、可居、可赏的中国优秀园林提供借鉴。
关键字：中国山水画；园林意境；古典园林
Abstract
In China to describe mountains natural landscape theme landscape painting isknown as one of the four Chinese rise and changes, it reveals the literati and theliterary thoughts of aesthetic emotion course. Cooperation China classical gardens aremostly out of the literati painters and craftsmen, these poems painters and craftsmen isto say “it is identifying the” main man “”. The history of painting artists oftenparticipate in garden design and planning, evaluation, also like the construction ofcultural environment, a small garden, two or three mu of land, stone mountains,pavilions for, for water pool, flower planting bamboo, new sentence banana leaf, inYan Xiaoyao, gardens and the painter had no relationship. In eighteenth Century thefamous landscape theorist Chambers layer said China garden home is combining theartist and philosopher's body, and unlike other countries at an architect can design.
China landscape painting and China classical gardens are found in the Chinatraditional natural aesthetics basis, through the study of Chinese painting history andChinese garden culture finishing summed up the harmony between man and nature,principles and artistic expression and other aspects of the art essence, and through thegarden in the spatial processing, composition form, color language and material andother aspects of the summary, to the revelation Chinese modern garden many, on themodern landscape design is the art essence, laid the foundation for modern landscapegardening Chinese, has very important practical significance and value.
Since the reform and opening up, with the improvement of people's livingstandards, the demand for a good production and living environment grow with eachpassing day, the resumption of a large number of places of historic interest and scenicbeauty, a city park, scenic area, the Forest Park and the geological park built, Chineselandscape industry got unprecedented development. However, in the garden design,without considering the local actual, blindly imitate, copy the western landscape, lossof the Chinese garden art characteristics. The primary task China garden is now findthemselves lost China characteristics with unique aesthetic landscape concept, todistinguish between what is traditional can not adapt to the needs of modern socialdevelopment of people's life, what should inherit and carry forward. For us, the arts ofcivilization is the treasure of Chinese culture, this is not the western garden. Through the analysis of landscape painting and China classical gardens of the research,discusses the two relations in the historical development and Their Inspirations tomodern landscape design are analyzed and an example of. Extracted with Chinesecharacteristic essences, and modern life and the environment of integration, withChinese characteristics to meet people's needs can swim, can be home, considerable,can reward the excellent landscape to provide a reference for the constructionChinese.
Keywords: Chinese landscape garden; Classical gardens
