摘 要
十八届四中全会以来，法律职业共同体又一次成为了我国法律实务界和法学学术界讨论的热点话题。纵观西方法治国家法律职业共同体的形成和发展历史，法律职业共同体的发展与一国法治化进程有着密切的内在联系。法律职业的出现是法律职业共同体形成的前提条件，法律职业共同体的形成是法律职业化高度发展的外在表现。伴随社会进步，社会管理方式向法治的转变，社会的高效运转也就迫切的要求有与之相匹配的完善的法律职业共同体的存在。
本文除第一章绪论之外，共包含以下三部分内容：
第一部分从概念和特征两方面对法律职业共同体的基础知识进行梳理和总结。在结合国内外学者的观点基础之上，根据我国转型社会运行的特殊情况，提出可以构建一种以律师、法官和检察官为基本雏形的中国式法律职业共同体类型。此外，从知识构成、职业属性、组织结构、价值理念以及职业伦理五个方面，总结出法律职业共同体具有智识性、专职性、自治性、认同性和公共性。最后，本文认为法律职业共同体的形成与发展是以一套独有、完整和有机的法律思想、理念和价值为前提的。
第二部分主要为两部分内容：一是从我国法官职业化、检察官职业化、律师专业化进程的角度分析法律职业共同体的专职性特征；二是对当前我国法律职业共同体建构中，在智识性、专职性、自治性、认同性和公共性五个方面所凸显出来的诸多问题展开分析和研究，法律职业人员知识储备不够、法律职业门槛设计不合理、法律职业行政干涉影响较强、职业群体成员之间缺乏职业认同以及法律职业伦理缺失等。在此基础之上，本文认为尽管我国的法律职业化在历经半个多世纪后取得了一些成就，为我国法律职业共同体的形成奠定了基础。然而由于受诸多因素的制约，我国法律职业共同体已经初步形成，但是尚不够成熟，仍然存在一些问题。
为了解决我国法律职业共同体建设中所存在的上述五方面问题，第三部分通过借鉴国外法律职业共同体建设的先进经验，从五个方面（法律职业教育培训、法律职业准入、独立自主机制、构建共同体沟通协调平台以及职业伦理）探索我国法律职业共同体的未来发展路径。在法律职业教育培训方面，应当加强实践课程的实施，实现法学教育与法律实践的良好衔接、构建一体化职业培训模式和完善继续教育制度；在法律职业准入方面，应当完善法律职业准入与国家统一司法考试之间的对接、建立专门的法官和检察官招录制度；在独立自主机制方面，应当从人事、身份、职务以及物质经济等环节保障司法独立制度，改革现行律师执业制度，提高律师行业自治水平；在构建共同体沟通协调平台上，要坚持创新，多措并举，有效促进法律职业内部的交流和认同；在职业伦理方面，应当从立法引导、教育熏陶和健全法律行业协会内部自律制度方面加强职业伦理建设。
综上，随着我国法治进程的不断向前推进，法律职业共同体的问题亦备受关注。只有深入分析我国法律职业共同体现状及存在问题，才能更为客观、深入地了解和把握当下我国法治现代化的不足和司法改革的方向。法学家对通过法律职业共同体来实现法治这一路径，也同样寄予了厚望。即希望通过法律职业及其共同体的积极参与，努力推进我国司法改革，以早日实现我国的法治现代化愿景。
关键词：法律职业 共同体 职业教育 自主机制 沟通平台
Abstract
Since the eighteen session of the fourth plenary session, the legal occupation communityhas once again become a hot topic of discussion in our legal practice and law academic circles.
The formation and development of western countries under the rule of law throughout thehistory of occupation of the community, is closely related with the process of rule by lawdevelopment of legal occupation community with a country. Legal occupation is theprecondition to form the legal occupation community, forming the legal occupationcommunity is the external performance of a highly developed legal occupation. With theprogress of the society, social management mode of the transition to the rule of law, theefficient operation of the society is the urgent request a perfect match of the existence ofcommunity law occupation.
Besides the first chapter introduction,it contains the following three parts:
The first part from two aspects of basic concept and characteristics of legal occupationcommunity knowledge carefully combing and summary. In combination with the viewpointsof scholars both at home and abroad on, according to the special situation of social operationtransformation in China, puts forward we can construct a to lawyers, judges and prosecutorsas basic rudiment of China legal occupation community types. In addition, from knowledgestructure, occupation attribute, organizational structure, value idea and the occupation ethicsfive aspects, summarizes the legal occupation community with intellectual, professional,autonomy, identity and public. Finally, this paper thinks that the formation and developmentof legal occupation community is a set of unique, complete and organic law thoughts, ideasand value premise.
The content of the two part is mainly of second parts: one is from the angle of history, abrief review of the legal occupation in China （lawyers, judges and prosecutors） developmentprocess; the two is to the current law of our country occupation community construction,analyze and study many problems in the intellectual, professional, autonomy, identity andpublic five aspects are highlighted, the knowledge reserve legal occupation enough staff, legaloccupation threshold design unreasonable, the legal occupation administrative interferenceeffects between group members, the lack of strong occupation occupation identity and legaloccupation ethics flaw etc On this basis, this paper argues that although the law of ourcountry occupation in more than half a century after the post has made some achievements,which laid the foundation for the formation of legal occupation community in china. However,due to many factors, the formation of the law occupation community in our country is still inthe elementary stage.
In order to solve the five problems existing in the construction of occupation communitylaw in our country, the third part by drawing on the advanced experience of the constructionof legal occupation community abroad, from five aspects （legal occupation education training,access to legal occupation, stand on one's own mechanism, construction of communitycommunication and coordination platform and the occupation ethics） and explore the futuredevelopment path of legal occupation community in our country. In the aspect of legaloccupation education training, should achieve good cohesion, education of law and legalpractice of constructing the integration occupation training mode and improve the system ofcontinuing education; access in the legal occupation, we should perfect the connection, theestablishment of specialized judges and prosecutors to recruitment examination systembetween legal occupation admittance and the national uniform judicial examination in thestand on one's own mechanism; from the personnel, shall, identity, position and materialeconomic link to ensure judicial independence system, reform the existing system of lawyers,improve the level of autonomy of lawyer profession; in the construction of communitycommunication and coordination platform, to persist in innovation, to take more measuressimultaneously, to promote the legal occupation internal communication and identity; in theoccupation ethics, should be from the legislative guide background and education, perfectingthe legal industry association internal self-regulation system to strengthen the occupationethics construction.
To sum up, with the continuous development of the rule of law in China, legaloccupation community problems are also of concern. Only in-depth analysis of the law of ourcountry occupation together reflect the situation and the existence question, to be moreobjective, in-depth understanding and grasp the present our country government by lawmodernization of the deficiencies and the direction of judicial reform. Jurists to through legaloccupation community to realize the rule of law in this path, also has high hopes. Hope thatthrough the legal occupation and active participation in the community, strive to promote thejudicial reform in our country, to realize the vision of modernization of rule of law in ourcountry.
Key Words: Legal profession Community Vocational education Stand on one's ownmechanism Communication and coordination platform
目 录
摘 要
Abstract
1 绪论
1.1 研究目的及意义
1.2 研究现状
1.3 论文结构
1.4 研究方法
1.5 创新点
2 法律职业共同体概述
2.1 法律职业共同体的概念
2.1.1 共同体的概念
2.1.2 法律职业共同体的概念界定
2.2 法律职业共同体的特征
2.2.1 智识性
2.2.2 专职性
2.2.3 自治性
2.2.4 认同性
2.2.5 公共性
3 我国法律职业共同体建设现状及问题
3.1 法律职业共同体建设现状
3.1.1 职业共同体初步形成
3.1.2 初步具备专职性特征
3.2 当前我国法律职业共同体建设凸显的问题
3.2.1 法律职业人员知识储备不够
3.2.2 法律职业门槛设计不合理
3.2.3 法律职业行政干涉影响较强
3.2.4 共同体成员之间缺乏职业认同
3.2.5 法律职业伦理的缺失
4 我国法律职业共同体建设对策探析
4.1 健全法律职业教育培训制度
4.2 完善法律职业准入制度
4.3 建立共同体独立自主机制
4.4 构建共同体沟通协调平台
4.5 加强法律职业伦理建设
结 论
参考文献
后 记
