摘 要
目前，电视节目模式的价值越来越高，一档好的节目背后必然有着值得称许的节目模式。随着近几年来电视节目模式交易量的快速增长，节目模式已经越来越成为电视行业的重要产业。然而，正是这些带来巨大经济收益的电视节目模式在法律保护层面却始终面临尴尬境遇。
着作权法将节目模式拒之门外。主流观点认为节目模式不属于着作权法意义上的作品，不应得到着作权法的保护。这导致了大量抄袭、跟风之作的滋生，商家花重金打造或引进的节目模式，可能开播初始就已经成为了其他商家抄袭模仿的对象，这不仅节目模式的制作方或合法引进方极不公平，也严重扰乱了市场竞争秩序。
最近二十几年来各个国家和地区在电视节目模式上的司法实践表明，节目模式的可版权性已经从被全盘否认到逐渐被认可，节目模式的表达属性、独创性等也逐渐得到各个国家和地区审判机关的认可。可以说，节目模式本身已经不是一类当然被着作权法拒之门外的作品类型。
电视节目模式的可版权性在于：第一，节目模式并不当然属于思想：首先，思想与表达之间本来就不具有特别明确的界限，两者之间是渐进过度的关系；其次，思想与表达二分法无法拒绝已经具有一定表达属性的电视节目模式，比如以可行性报告、节目制作宝典外在表现形式具体化了的节目模式，思想与表达二分法已经无法拒绝对它的保护。
第二，节目模式的独创性应该被认可，鉴于着作权法中对作品独创性的要求本身就不高，即便是在对节目模式独创性判断标准普遍高于传统类型作品的情况下，大部分节目模式仍旧满足独创性的要求。
第三，采用核心元素对比法可以比较有效地认定模仿抄袭节目与原节目模式是否构成实质性相似。
在节目模式的法律保护路径选择上，着作权法无疑是节目模式的首选法律保护路径，当节目模式无法获得着作权法保护时，制作者还可以尝试适用反不正当竞争法中的搭便车、剥夺商业机会等理论，主张抄袭模仿者构成不正当竞争。
关键词：电视节目模式，法律保护，着作权法，不正当竞争
Abstract
Recently, the television program format is becoming more and more valuable. Theremust be a good format behind a successful television program. The trading volume oftelevision program formats has been gradually increasing during the past several years.
The formats are growing to be a key industry of the television. However, the formats,which bring great economic interest, are facing with obstacle of protection by law.
The formats could not be protected by copyright law. The mainstream opinion is thattelevision program format is not work protected by copyright law and not deservedprotection of copyright law. Following the prosperity and development of the formats,copied or imitated programs also appear to our vision. The formats, which cost theproducer or importer pretty much, may be copied or imitated by other companies bythe broadcasting of the relevant programs. Such behaviors interfere the order ofmarketing competition and are unfair to producers or legal licensees of the formats.
Firstly in this paper, jurisdiction practices of the past more than twenty years bycountries and districts all over the worlds are introduced. Based on the jurisdictionpractices, the ability to obtain copyright of formats are gradually recognized insteadof denied overall. The nature of expression and originality are gradually accepted byjuridical organs from countries and districts all over the world. On conclusion, at thismoment, television program formats have not been works which would be refused bycopyright law without any doubt.
Copyright law is the preferred legal protection approach for television programformats. Based on the case study, the ability to obtain copyright of formats are basedon the following elements. Firstly, formats certainly does not belong to ideas orconcepts because: there is no clear boundary between idea and expression but acontinuous transition; and when the formats have material form, such as reports,format bibles, formats are not ideas but expressions certainly. Secondly, originality ofthe formats could be recognized as the judgement standards of originality in copyrightlaw are not high. The standard of program formats today are higher than the commonones. Even though, the formats are meet the originality standards. In addition, ifcomparing key elements of formats and suspected infringed program, it is of muchmore possibility to decide there is substantial similarity between them. Finally, whencomes to refuse of copyright law, the producer of legal licensee of formats could alsotry to pursue protection by unfair competition law by claiming that the imitator isunfair competing, with theories including but not limited to taking unfair advantage ofreputation of producer, depriving trading opportunity.
Keywords: television format, legal protection, copyright law, unfair competing
第 1 章 引言
1.1 概述
1.1.1 背景分析
1.1.2 研究意义
1.2 研究目标和研究方法
1.2.1 研究目标
1.2.2 研究方法
1.3 研究创新
第 2 章 电视节目模式概述
2.1 电视节目模式的界定
2.2 电视节目模式的爆发式增长
2.2.1 电视节目模式交易的起源
2.2.2 电视节目模式交易的全球化
2.3 电视节目模式在法律保护层面遭遇的尴尬境地
2.3.1 电视节目模式保护的严峻性
2.3.2 电视节目模式受到着作权法保护的障碍
第 3 章 各国电视节目模式的法律保护及其借鉴
3.1 相关案例综述
3.1.1 着作权法在节目模式保护上的适用
3.1.2 反不正当竞争法在节目模式保护上的适用
3.2 我国电视节目模式的司法实践及其问题
3.3 世界范围内电视节目模式的保护状况
3.3.1 着作权法对节目模式保护态度的变化
3.3.2 着作权法对节目模式保护态度变化的原因
3.3.3 反不正当竞争法在节目模式保护上的应用
3.3.4 小结
第 4 章 电视节目模式获得法律保护的可行性问题
4.1电视节目模式获得着作权法保护的可行性
4.1.1 思想与表达二分法在电视节目模式保护问题上的弱化
4.1.2 节目模式自身的不断完善
4.1.3 独创性判断标准的模糊性
4.1.4 抄袭节目相似性认定的可能性
4.2 电视节目模式获得反不正当竞争法保护的可行性
第 5 章 总结与展望
参考文献
致谢
