农村外嫁女财产权利保护问题研究 中英文摘要

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　　摘 要：随着社会的变化和发展，城镇化进程的加快，社会经济利益的冲突日趋剧烈，以及落后于经济发展的社会文明的滞后空间越来越大等情况的出现，为了实现利益分配的最大化，村委会或村民小组就以村民自治为由，利用民主程序产生的多数人意志违法限制、剥夺农村外嫁女的合法权利，导致农村外嫁女财产权利保护问题（下称“外嫁女权利保护问题”）在沿海发达地区始发，并进而在全国各地蔓延，于是外嫁女集体维权的事件屡次出现，外嫁女权利保护问题也已成为当今社会的又一普遍性现象。

　　外嫁女权利保护问题的主体涉及到不同群体，情况十分复杂，矛盾相当激烈。实践中，外嫁女提出的如下诉求：确认其农村集体经济组织成员的资格、在征地补偿款的分配权等方面与其他村民享受同等待遇等，但其权利却难以得到有效的保护。原因主要是外嫁女权利保护相关法律规定的滞后与矛盾、外嫁女作为少数群体与其他多数村民之间的利益冲突、村民自治权与外嫁女个人权利的冲突、公权力在外嫁女权利保护过程中长期缺位，以及外嫁女作为农村弱势群体的地位和集体观念文化的相对落后等。

　　笔者借鉴广东省的深圳市龙岗区、东莞市以及佛山市南海区等地区解决外嫁女问题的先进经验，得出如下原则，即：要注意处理好法律与政策、官方规则与民间智慧的关系、要对集体组织成员资格的认定标准及股份合作制的主要项目进行量化，以及要制定适宜的激励政策等借鉴与启示。本文认为解决外嫁女问题应促进村规民约有效地保护外嫁女的合法权利、明确农村集体经济组织成员资格及相关标准、完善外嫁女权利保护的基本原则和解决争议的具体路径以及加强国家公权力对外嫁女问题的管理力度。

　　关键词：外嫁女；权利保护；存在问题；完善建议

　　ABSTRACT：As society is changing and evolving, the process of urbanization is accelerating，theconflict of socio-economic interests is severe，and the lag space of social development andcivilization is becoming larger and larger. Village or villagers use the democratic proceduresto restrict the legitimate rights of rural married women , in order to achieve the most of thebenefits. The rights protection issues of rural married women is originating in the developedcoastal areas，and thus in spread across the country，so the rights protection issues of ruralmarried women has become yet another universal phenomenon.

　　The protection of rural married women’s rights is related to the subject of differentgroups and the situation is very complicated，and the contradictory is quite intense. In thepractice，the rural married women's recognition of their membership of their rural collectiveand their right to enjoy equal treatment with other villagers, but the demands of rural marriedwomen is subjected to the control of the rural law, and the defects of the relieve system, andthe problems of rural married women and the administrative staff and so on, so that theirrights can not be effectively and fully protected. The reason，mainly because the conflictbetween villagers autonomy and the rights of rural married women as individuals，the ruralcollective land compensation fee and membership criteria for allocation is not clear, the ruralmarried women in rural areas as the status of vulnerable groups，the relative backwardness ofthe collective concept of culture，as well as protection of public authority is long-term absencein the process of rural married women and so on.

　　The author draw the solving mode of Shenzhen Longgang District, Dongguan Districtand Foshan Nanhai District of Guangdong Province , in order to learn from the advancedexperience of the regional problems of rural married women, and make the conclusion ofhandling the relationship with the legal and policy, official rules and folk wisdom, and toidentify the organization membership criteriaclearly, and to develop appropriateincentive policies and Inspiration. To solve the problems of rural married women shouldpromote an effective protection, improve the basic principles of rural married women’s rightsprotection and make the membership and standards clear, and hope to have a long-termmechanism to solve the problem of rural married women.

　　Keywords：rural married women；rights protection；problems；suggestions for improvement
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