司法鉴定存在的问题及其解决研究 中英文摘要与绪论

　　中文摘要

　　作为我国司法制度的重要组成部分，司法鉴定制度在诉讼中发挥着重要作用。然而，由于历史原因以及现行司法鉴定制度的缺陷，司法鉴定实践活动中依然存在诸多问题，与司法改革的目标相去甚远。

　　本研究呈现了一起当事人对司法鉴定结论不服而不断申诉的案件（蔡春杰申述案），为本研究提供了一个典型样本。该案当事人因伤情鉴定，先后委托了四家不同性质的鉴定机构进行鉴定，得出了三种不同类型的结论。从蔡案中，可以发现我国司法鉴定中存在的问题：机构设置仍未统一，鉴定管理混乱；鉴定人出庭率仍然偏低；当事人滥用申请重新鉴定的权利等。

　　针对这些问题，以新刑事诉讼法为基本根据，提出了一些问题解决的思路：合理配置鉴定权；制定统一的鉴定标准；提高鉴定机构、鉴定人准入条件；推进司法鉴定实验室建设；强化鉴定人出庭质证制度，提高鉴定意见当庭质证率；对违法鉴定、虚假鉴定严格追责；明确重新鉴定的启动条件，防止当事人滥用重新鉴定权。

　　虽然，蔡春杰案在《全国人大常委会关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》及新刑事诉讼法实施之前即已发生，但该案所反映的司法鉴定实际情况并未发生根本性变化，故蔡案仍然具有典型意义，仍然反映出当下我国司法鉴定中存在的问题。当然，本研究对这些问题的解决策略，还有待实践的检验。

　　关键词：司法鉴定，问题，对策

　　Abstract

　　Forensic system attaches its importance to litigations as the significantcomposition of justice in this country. Justice history and some deficits offorensic system, however, result into some practical problems. This situation isaberrant from the goal of justice reforms.

　　This research demonstrates a case as an analysis example, in which a party(Cai Chunjie) continuously appeals against the previous torensic opinions. Theparty asked for four deferent forensic organizations to assess his human bodyinjury degree. Nevertheless, he gained three deferent types of opinions. In thiscase, it could be found that some problems still exist in forensics in this county:without uniform organizations of forensics, disorder of forensic administration,low rates of examiners' appearance in court, and abusing right tore-examination, etc. Confronted such problems, some problem-resolvingschemes have to be presented on the basis of Criminal Procedure Law (2012):the rights to forensics have to be redistributed; forensic criteria have to beunified; the admittable conditions of forensic organizations and examiners haveto be improved; the forensic labs have to be strengthened; the rates ofexaminers' appearance in court have to be increased by the innovative systemsof cross examination; misconducts in forensics have to be rigorously punished;the conditions of restarting forensic have to revised so as to prevent fromabusing the right to reexamination.

　　Cai Chunjie case had happened before Criminal Procedure Law (2012) andother regulations were enacted, yet this case reflects the situations on forensicpractice which had not been changed significantly. Therefore, Cai Chunjie casehas its own typical meaning and presents some problems of forensics in thiscountry. Certainly, the problem-resolving schemes designed in this researchhave to be tested by the realities.

　　Key words: forensics，problems, resolving schemes

　　绪论

　　作为我国司法制度的重要组成部分，司法鉴定在现代诉讼中发挥着重要作用。为建立统一的司法鉴定管理体系，《全国人大常委会关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》（以下简称《决定》）于2005年10月1日起幵始实施。

　　与之相适应，2012年新修订的《刑事诉讼法》对司法鉴定制度进行了部分修改，对于推进司法鉴定制度的完善具有重大意义。然而，由于历史原因和现行相关配套制度出台滞后，以及各种利益的制约，我国现行的司法鉴定活动实践中依然存在诸多问题，与司法改革的目标存在较大差距。

　　本文通过对司法实践中遇到的一起因多次鉴定多个结论引发的申诉案的分析，剖析我国现存司法鉴定制度运行的问题之所在，结合新刑诉法对鉴定工作的新规定和工作实践，提出这些问题的应对措施，期许能对我国司法鉴定制度的发展完善有所帮助。
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