商标侵权视角下的商标近似判断研究 中英文摘要

　　摘 要

　　商标是识别商品或服务来源的标志，是企业形象的代表，更是凝聚商标权人心血的信誉代表，因而蕴含有巨大的商业价值。正因为如此，商标领域中针对商标的侵权案件得以不断“升温”，近年来尤以商标“仿冒”行为为甚。商标“仿冒”行为不仅损害了注册商标专用权人的合法权益，扰乱了正常的市场竞争秩序，同时也给消费者的利益带来了极大的损害。

　　司法审判实践中，商标“仿冒”行为能否认定为侵犯注册商标专用权的行为，从根本意义上而言，商标近似的正确判断起到了至关重要的作用。尽管我国商标法及司法解释对商标近似的判断规定了一些规则、原则、甚至方法，但是，这依然不能有效阻止对于相同的案件，不同的法官、不同的审级有时做出截然相反的判断结论。因此，商标近似的判断在一定程度上具有法律适用的不确定性、模糊性，又由于判断商标近似的参考因素众多等原因，这都使得商标近似的判断成为司法审判界不得不面临的“难题”。本文以此为切入点，通过综合运用比较分析等方法，围绕商标侵权视角下的商标近似判断为研究对象，进行系统研究，旨在为司法审判实践提供更为明确的判断标准与方法规范。

　　本文围绕以下五章进行研究：

　　第一章，商标侵权中商标近似的含义。商标近似的判断需要对商标近似的概念进行正确界定，这是商标近似判断的前提。本章从三个方面对商标近似进行界定：商标标识具有近似性；商标标识对象商品的相同或类似的限定性以及结合混淆可能性后果综合分析。

　　第二章，商标近似判断之混淆可能性原则分析。混淆可能性原则是商标侵权判断的基本准则，也是商标近似判断的指导原则，确立混淆可能性作为我国商标侵权的条件。

　　第三章，商标近似判断的主、客观标准分析。主观标准以相关普通消费者的一般注意力的认知为准；客观标准从五个角度进行探讨：考虑请求保护的注册商标是否具有商标法意义上的使用；考虑请求保护的注册商标的知名度；多因素综合考虑；结合具体的个案认定以及充分考虑利益平衡。

　　第四章，商标近似判断方法分析。本章以我国商标法司法解释第十条之规定为分析对象，即商标近似判断之整体比对法、要部比对法以及隔离比对法进行了深刻剖析，指出其存在的不足并进一步提出引人市场调查法的必要性和可行性，确立市场调查法为我国商标近似判断的方法，并规定其适用情形和具体要求。

　　第五章，完善我国商标法关于商标侵权中商标近似判断规定的建议。本文全面梳理了商标法及司法解释规定存在的问题，并提出具体的修改设想，如商标法第五十二条第一项的修改建议：有下列行为之一的，均属侵犯注册商标专用权：（一）未经商标注册人的许可，在同一种商品或者类似商品上使用与其注册商标相同或者近似的标识的，并且这种商标法意义上的使用行为导致了公众产生混淆的结果或者产生混淆的极大可能性的结果。

　　关键词：商标近似；混淆可能性；商标侵权 

　　ABSTRACT

　　Trademark is to identify the source of goods or services，the symbol of a corporaterepresentative of the image，but also embodies the credibility of efforts on behalf of ownerof the trademark，which it contains a huge commercial value. Because of this，the field oftrademark infringement cases rise，especially in the trademark "fake" acts of staggering，trademark "fake" acts not only against the registered trademark of the legitimate interestsand disrupt the normal order of market competition，while also the interests of consumersbut also brought great damage.

　　In judicial practice ， the trademark "fake" behavior can ultimately qualitativeinfringement of registered trademark of the act，a fundamental sense，the trademark"counterfeit" mark similar to the identification of a key role to play. Although according toChina's Trademark Law and its judicial interpretation of the relevant provisions of therelevant trade mark similar to the rules, principles and methods，but，for the same case，different judges, different level of review will also appear similar to a trademark conflictidentification results, which application of the law brings uncertainty to the legitimaterights of the parties had a tremendous impact. Also, because the reference to factorsidentified a number of similar trademarks, trademarks also makes the identification ofsimilar faces great difficulties. This article as a starting point, through the use ofcomparative analysis method, the integrated use of comparative analysis and other methodsof trademark infringement trademark sense as a similar study to determine its systematicstudy, which means the administration of justice in the similar trade mark judge to make amore specific criterion.

　　This paper focuses on the following five chapters to study:

　　Chapter I，the scope of trademark infringement, trademark similar meaning. First needthe concept of trademark similar judgment on trademark similar to the correct definition,which is the premise of a trademark similar judgment. This chapter focuses on the limits ofsimilar goods to confuse the condition of possibility for the two angles to define theapproximation of the mark.

　　Chapter II, trademarks approximate the confusion of the judge the possibility of theprinciple of analysis.

　　Chapter III, Subjective criteria and objective criteria, the angle of analysis.Subjectivecriteria: likelihood of confusion identified should be subject to the ordinary consumerawareness. Confuse the possibility of objective criteria identified: Cited the use of thetrademark; cited the popularity of the trademark; and combined with the principle of caseanalysis.

　　Chapter IV, trademarks approximate method of judgment analysis. Explain theprovisions of Article 10 of the analysis object to China's Trademark Law of Justice. overallthan the method; To the Department of the method; and isolation analysis than the method.

　　The necessity and feasibility of the proposed introduction of market survey methodology.

　　Chapter V, improve our trademark approximate the requirement for the judge.

　　Comprehensive combing the trademark law and judicial interpretation of the relevantprovisions of the existing problems, and propose specific amendments to the envisaged.

　　Trademark Law Article 52, first modify the envisaged. Of the following acts are violationsof the registered trademark: (a) without the permission of the trademark holders, use itsregistered trademark identical with or similar identification on the same or similar goods,and that trademark law significance on the use of behavior led to the result of confusion tothe public or the results of the strong possibility of confusion.

　　KEY WORDS: similar trademarks, likelihood of confusion, trademark recognition

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