中 文 摘 要
贫困问题是世界性难题。如何消除贫困已经成为世界各国必须共同面对的现实问题,尽管全球经济在不断地繁荣和发展,但贫困问题还没有得到彻底的解决,各国之间以及国家内部之间的贫富差距还有加大趋势,影响了整个世界的和谐发展。
中国是有着 10 几亿人口的大国,贫困问题始终是阻碍我国全面建成小康社会的重要因素之一。党的十八届五中全会将精准扶贫作为重要内容进行阐述,更加突出我国扶贫开发工作的决心,我国国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要指出,预计 2016 年要令已建档立卡的贫困人口实现脱贫。一直以来我国政府致力于减少贫困人口,促进政治稳定、经济发展,取得非常大的成绩,但是由于中国人口众多,幅员辽阔,贫困地域呈现分布多且不集中的特点,因此彻底解决贫困问题异常艰难,实现全面消除贫困,仍然任重道远且势在必行。
本文共分为四部分。第一部分主要阐述了本文的选题目的、意义、国内外研究现状、研究思路与论文创新点;第二部分以贫困、扶贫开发基础理论的研究作为基点,总结贫困相关理论,包括贫困的定义、贫困线的划分、贫困类型及贫困村的确定方式,并对扶贫开发相关理论,包括扶贫开发的基础理论、我国主要扶贫开发方式、我国扶贫开发的重要意义予以阐述,为本文奠定理论基础;第三部分阐述中国农村扶贫开发工作的历程和取得的成就,总结我国扶贫开发工作经验,并在此基础上对我国扶贫开发工作的相关数据进行整合与分析,探究在我国农村贫困区域中仍然存在的突出问题,并分析问题产生的原因;第四部分针对目前我国农村扶贫开发工作中仍存在的问题,分别从扶贫资金的监管、贫困地区人口综合素质问题、各界资源参与度、扶贫开发队伍建设、扶贫与生态保护并重五个角度予以深入阐述,提出对农村扶贫开发工作有益的建议。
关键词:农村工作,扶贫开发,对策
Abstract
Poverty is a worldwide problem. How to eliminate poverty has become a realityproblem of the world, which need to face together. Although the global economycontinues to flourish and develop, but the problem of poverty has not been completelyresolved, the gap between the rich and the poor in the country has an increasing trend,affect the harmonious development of the whole world.
There are about 10 hundreds of millions people in China. Poverty has always beenone of the important factors that hinder our country to build a well-off society in anall-round way. The Fifth Plenum of the 18th Central Committee of the CommunistParty of China took the precise poverty reduction as an important content andelaborated, more prominent determination of poverty alleviation and development workin our country, the 13th Five-Year plan for national economic and social developmentin China pointed out, in 2016 will achieve about 50 million poor people who have beenfilling files and cards out of poverty. All the time our country is committed to reducingpoverty, promote political stability and the development of economy. During the 12thFive-Year we reduced more than 100 million rural poor people. But because of the largepopulation and China is a huge country, the characteristics of the poor areas are toomany and not concentrated, so it is very difficult to solve the problem of poverty.
Although China's anti-poverty work has gone after 60 years, get great achievement, butthere are a lot of problems in it, to achieve a comprehensive elimination of poverty, ithas a long way to go.
This paper is divided into four chapters. The first part mainly expounds thepurpose、significance、domestic research status、research ideas and innovation pointsin this paper; in the second part, make the basic theory about the poverty and povertyalleviation development as the basic point, summarize the theory of poverty, includingthe definition of poverty, the division of poverty line, the type of poverty and the way todetermine the village, and on the theory of poverty alleviation development, includingthe basic theory of poverty alleviation develop, China's main mode of povertyalleviation development, the important significance of the development of China'spoverty alleviation, lay the theoretical foundation for this article; the third partdescribes the process and achievements of China's rural poverty alleviation anddevelopment work, make summary of China's poverty alleviation development workexperience, on the basis of this, the relevant data of China's poverty alleviationdevelopment work is integrated and analyzed, to explore the outstanding problems inthe rural areas of China, and make analysis of the causes of the problems; the fourthpart of the current poverty alleviation development work in China's rural alleviation,separately from the poverty alleviation funds supervision、comprehensive quality ofpopulation in poverty stricken areas、participation of all sectors of resources、povertyalleviation development team building、poverty alleviation and ecological protection offive angles to be in-depth exposition, put forward to the work of rural povertyalleviation development work useful suggestions.
Key words: rural work, poverty alleviation development,countermeasure
目 录
中 文 摘 要
Abstract
目 录
第一章 引言
一、选题的目的和意义
(一)选题的目的
(二)选题的意义
二、国内外研究现状
(一)国内研究现状
(二)国外研究现状
三、研究思路和方法
(一)研究思路
(二)研究方法
四、论文创新点
第二章 贫困和扶贫开发的理论阐述
一、贫困的相关理论
(一)贫困的定义
(二)贫困线的划分
(三)贫困的类型
(四)贫困村的确定方式
二、扶贫开发相关理论
(一)扶贫开发的基础理论
(二)我国主要扶贫开发方式
(三)我国扶贫开发的重要意义
第三章 中国农村扶贫开发的概况及问题分析
一、中国农村扶贫开发工作的历程
(一)救济式扶贫阶段
(二)农村改革推动扶贫阶段
(三)扶贫开发推进阶段
(四)“八七”扶贫攻坚阶段
(五)开发式扶贫整合阶段
二、中国农村扶贫开发取得的成就
(一)贫困人口大幅度下降
(二)建立科学监测系统与瞄准机制
(三)基础设施状况改善
(四)由“输血”式扶贫转变为“造血”式扶贫
三、扶贫开发工作中仍存在的问题
(一)扶贫开发资金利用率不高
(二)返贫现象严重
(三)扶贫开发主体单一
(四)扶贫开发责任制难落实
(五)扶贫开发过程中破坏生态环境
四、扶贫开发问题的原因分析
(一)扶贫资金管理机制与投入的失衡
(二)贫困人口综合素质低
(三)非政府组织参与程度低
(四)缺乏政府监督
(五)粗放型经济发展模式
第四章 我国农村扶贫开发的对策研究
一、加大扶贫资金监管力度
(一)精准扶贫-完善扶贫开发瞄准机制
(二)对扶贫资金使用严格监管
(三)加大扶贫资金投入,推进产业化脱贫
二、提高贫困地区人口综合素质
(一)普及高中阶段义务教育
(二)大力发展技能培训
(三)加大科技扶贫“造血”力度
三、统筹各界资源共同参与
(一)加大舆论宣传,深入调查研究
(二)推动 NGO 发展,培育多元扶贫主体
(三)提升贫困人口自主脱贫参与度
四、加强扶贫开发队伍建设
(一)强化领导责任制,完善监督机制
(二)加强基层党组织建设
五、坚持扶贫开发与生态保护并重
(一)加强公民教育,强化生态扶贫意识
(二)加强环境综合治理,防灾减灾
(三)落实生态移民,缓解人口饱和…… 43
结 论
参 考 文 献
致 谢