摘 要
人口老龄化一直是经济领域的热点问题。2000 年，我国 60 岁及以上人口占总人口比重达到 10.2%,65 岁及以上人口占总人口比重达到 6.96%,我国正式步入老龄化社会。尽管我国进入老龄化社会时间较晚，但随着我国经济的发展及人口结构的变化，我国人口老龄化速度越来越快，中国已经成为了世界上老年人口最多的国家。中国是第一个进入人口老龄化的发展中国家，中国的人口老龄化问题也呈现出了与其他国家相异的独特之处，表现为老年人口规模庞大、与经济发展不同步、地区分布不均衡等。人口老龄化的加速发展也影响了劳动力供给，给储蓄和消费、产业结构调整带来了挑战，加大了养老保障负担，影响了我国经济社会的发展。
人口老龄化问题的加速发展给我国经济社会发展带来了严重挑战。积极应对人口老龄化已经成为最热议题。国家也多次在各项会议上表达出了对人口老龄化问题的重视，指出要积极应对人口老龄化。老年人再就业正是应对人口老龄化问题的重要途径之一。自古以来我国就有尊重老年人的传统美德。老年人继续参加劳动被视为“老骥伏枥”、“老有所为”.随着我国人口预期寿命的延长和健康状况的提高，许多老年人退休后仍保持一定劳动能力，其长期积累起来的文化知识、技术、经验并未消失。老年人再就业能够使老年人的潜力充分发挥，促进对其他资源的开发和利用。老年人再就业还有利于减轻社会养老保障负担，促进经济社会的可持续发展。从个人角度看，再就业还能增加老年人经济来源，促进老年人身心健康。因此促进老年人口再就业有着重要意义。
本文以人口普查数据和历年中国统计年鉴、劳动统计年鉴的数据为主要依据，以老年人口为主要研究对象，运用比较研究法和定量分析法对人口老龄化及老年人再就业问题进行了论述：本文首先阐述了选题背景及选题意义，对国内外研究动态及相关理论进行了综述，找出了当前研究的不足，确定了本文的研究方向；然后分析了我国人口老龄化的态势及其对经济发展的影响；接着通过人口老龄化与老年人再就业问题之间的关系指出了促进老年人再就业的必要性，并且通过我国老年人再就业的现状分析了影响我国老年人再就业的主要原因；然后探讨了法国、美国、日本等发达国家在应对人口老龄化问题及促进老年人再就业问题时采取的措施；最后提出为应对人口老龄化，促进老年人再就业，我国应该在借鉴国际经验的基础上，结合实际情况提高对老年人再就业的理性认识、大力发展老年教育、充分发挥政府的主导作用建立相应的法律规章制度及相应的协调机构、完善现有的退休制度、建立健全老年人就业市场。
关键词：
人口老龄化，老年人，再就业
Abstract
Population policy has been a hot issue of concern. In 2000, China's populationaged 60 and above accounted for 10.2% of the total population, population aged 65and above accounted for 6.96% of the total population, it meant China officiallyentered the aging society. Although China entered the aging society late, but with thedevelopment of China's economy and the change of population structure, the agingof the population of our country is faster and faster, and China has become thecountry with the largest population in the world. China is the first developingcountry to enter the aging population, the problem of aging population in China hasalso presented a unique place compared with other countries, it is shown as the scaleof the elderly population is huge, not synchronized with economic development andthe regional distribution is not balanced. The accelerated development of populationaging also affects the labor supply, has brought challenges in save and consumption,and industrial restructuring, it also increases the burden of pension security, all ofthese have a great impact on the economic and social development of our country.
The accelerated development of the aging population has brought seriouschallenges to China's economic and social development. Actively respond to theaging population has become the hottest topic. The Chinese government hasrepeatedly expressed in the conference on aging population issue, and pointed outthe need to actively cope with population aging. The re-employment of the elderly isone of the important ways to deal with the aging of the population. Since the ancienttime, our country has already had the tradition virtue of respect for the elderly. Theelderly continue to participate in the work is regarded as 'an old steed in the stable'and 'productive aging'. With the improvement of life expectancy and health statusof the population in our country, many old people still have some ability to workafter retirement, and the accumulated cultural knowledge, technology andexperience have not disappeared. The re-employment of the elderly can give fullplay to the potential of the elderly, to promote the development and utilization ofother resources. The re-employment of the elderly can also help to reduce the burdenof social security and promote the sustainable development of the economy andsociety. From a personal point of view, it can also increase economic sources of theelderly, and promote physical and mental health of the elderly. Therefore, to promotethe re-employment of the elderly population has important significance.
This paper took the Census data, Chinese statistics yearbook and Yearbooks ofLabor Statistic as the main basis, took the elderly population as the main researchobject, and used the method of comparative study and quantitative analysis todiscuss the problem of the aging of population and the re-employment of the aged.
Firstly, this paper described the background and significance of this topic, reviewedthe domestic and international research trends and related theories, found out thedeficiency of the current research, and determined the research direction of thispaper; Secondly, analyzed the situation of China's aging population and its impacton economic development; Thirdly, it pointed out the necessity of promoting there-employment of the elderly through the relationship between the aging of thepopulation and the re-employment of the elderly, and analyzed the main reasonaffecting the elderly re-employment through our elderly re-employment situation;Fourthly, this paper discussed the measures taken by the developed countries such asFrance, the United States, Japan and other developed countries in dealing with theaging of the population and the promotion of the re-employment of the aged; Finally,it put forward to deal with the aging of the population, to promote there-employment of elderly people, China should be in reference on the basis ofinternational experience, improve a rational understanding of the reemployment ofthe elderly, vigorously develop the education of the elderly, give full play to thegovernment's leading role establish corresponding laws and regulations and thecorresponding coordination mechanism, improve the existing retirement system,establish and improve the employment market for the elderly combined with theactual situation.
Keywords:
Population aging,The aged,Re-retirement
目 录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 选题背景及选题意义
1.2 文献综述
1.2.1 国外文献综述
1.2.2 国内文献综述
1.3 研究思路
1.4 主要创新与不足
第 2 章 相关理论概述
2.1 基本概念界定
2.1.1 人口老龄化
2.1.2 退休与再就业
2.2 相关理论
2.2.1 人口转变理论
2.2.2 人力资本理论
2.2.3 人力资源理论
2.2.4 就业理论
第 3 章 我国人口老龄化的态势及其对经济发展的影响
3.1 我国人口老龄化的态势
3.1.1 人口老龄化形势严峻
3.1.2 我国人口老龄化的特征
3.2 人口老龄化对我国经济发展的影响
3.2.1 影响了劳动力供给
3.2.2 对消费和储蓄的影响
3.2.3 对产业结构的影响
3.2.4 加大了养老保障负担
第 4 章 我国老年人再就业的现状
4.1 老年人再就业的经济社会效应
4.1.1 社会角度
4.1.2 个人角度
4.2 我国老年人再就业现状
4.2.1 老年劳动力劳动参与率较低
4.2.2 再就业老年人受教育程度较低
4.2.3 再就业老年人就业领域不平衡
4.2.4 再就业老年人工作劳动强度较大
4.3 影响我国老年人再就业的主要原因
4.3.1 社会观念落后
4.3.2 制度保障不够，缺乏协调机构
4.3.3 再就业渠道不畅
4.3.4 老年人自身条件
第 5 章 老年再就业的国际经验借鉴
5.1 法国
5.1.1 法国人口老龄化现状
5.1.2 法国推动老年人再就业的政策措施
5.2 美国
5.2.1 美国人口老龄化状态
5.2.2 美国促进老年人再就业的方法
5.3 日本
5.3.1 日本的人口老龄化情况
5.3.2 日本在老年人再就业中的成功经验
第 6 章 促进我国老年人再就业的对策建议
6.1 提高对老年人再就业的理性认识
6.2 大力发展老年教育事业
6.3 充分发挥政府的主导作用
6.4 完善现有退休制度
6.5 建立健全老年人就业市场
结 论
参考文献
致 谢
