摘 要
现代农业相比于传统农业已经不再局限于农林牧渔等传统农业生产部门，食品加工业、农产品及食品的流通运输甚至于消费都已经涵盖于现代农业的范畴之中。现代农业已经发展成为一个横跨第一、第二、第三产业的涉农体系，随着现代农业体系的扩张，农业问题也逐渐多样化、复杂化。在整个涉农体系的各环节中存在诸多问题：在生产环节存在的问题是生产结构不合理，无法完全对接需求结构；在流通环节卖的找不到买的，买的找不到卖的，即有需求与即有产品无法完全对接；在消费环节食品安全问题频发，消费者难以及时发现问题食品，问题食品难以及时退出市场。总结分析现代农业在各环节存在的诸多问题，学术界普遍认为现阶段我国农业领域存在的基本矛盾是小生产与大市场的矛盾。本文认为这个矛盾的实质是现代农业体系存在的信息不完全问题。
互联网如今发展迅速，从一个较大的层面来说，互联网可以视为一种劳动工具，而众多原有产业可以视为一个个具体的劳动对象。互联网作为一种先进的生产工具已经在许多领域展现了自身的优越性。目前互联网已经开始逐步渗透进众多原有产业，改变着原有产业的商业模式，越来越多与互联网相联系的商业模式概念被提出，例如“互联网金融”、“互联网旅游”、“互联网医疗”等。互联网的进入极大的促进了原有产业的发展。
解决现代农业的问题关键在于解决信息不完全的问题，信息不完全的原因在于信息获取的成本较高、传递效率低、传播方向单一。互联网的优越性恰恰在于其在信息传递的低成本性、实时性、互动性而且互联网可以针对现代农业不同环节的特点给出不同的信息解决方案。因此研究运用互联网解决现代农业中问题具有重要意义。
本文以从田间到餐桌所涉及的各个环节为主线，分析各个环节所存在的问题，指出这些问题的实质是信息不完全，然后从互联网的特点出发，阐明了互联网解决信息不完全问题的原理，然后针对各个环节的不同问题给出了互联网的不同解决方案。
关键词：互联网农业 食品安全 信息不完全 可追溯体系
Abstract
Modern agriculture compared to traditional agriculture is no longerlimited to agricultural production sectors such as farming, forestry,animal husbandry and fishery, food processing industry, Food processingindustry, distribution and transport of agricultural products and even foodconsumption are already covered in the context of modern agriculture,modern agriculture has developed into an across the primary industry,secondary industry and tertiary industry in agro-systems. With theexpansion of modern agricultural systems, agricultural issues arebecoming increasingly diversified and complicated. throughout all sectorsof the agro-systems, there are many problems. Problems in the productionprocess is the unreasonable production structure, and not fully buttdemand structure; In circulation, buyers can not find the seller, the sellercan not find buyers, that means requirements and the products can not befully docking; In the consumer segment, Food safety accidents frequently,difficult for consumers to detect problem foods, the problem foods isdifficult to withdraw from the market in a timely manner. Summary ofmodern agriculture in various aspects of the existence of many problems,the paper believe that the basic contradiction of the agricultural sector atthe present stage is the contradiction of small production and big market.
The essence of this contradiction is incomplete information problems ofthe modern agricultural system exist.
Today, the rapid development of the Internet, from a largerperspective, the Internet can be seen as a work tool, while the number ofexisting industry can be seen as a concrete object of labor. Internet as anadvanced production tool in many areas already demonstrated itssuperiority. Currently the Internet has gradually penetrated into manyexisting industries, changing the original business model of the industry,more and more the concept of the business model associated with theInternet have been proposed, such as the “Internet banking”, “Internettravel”, “Internet health ”and so on. Internet enters greatly contributed tothe development of existing industries.
Solve the problems of modern agriculture is the key to solving theproblem of incomplete information, incomplete information due to thehigh cost of access to information, low transmission efficiency, a singlepropagation direction. Precisely the advantages of the Internet lies in itslow-cost messaging, real-time, interactive and Internet can be given fordifferent aspects of modern agricultural characteristics of differentinformation solutions. So the study using the Internet to solve theproblem in modern agriculture is important.
In this paper, from farm to fork all aspects involved in the main line,the analysis of all aspects of the problems, pointing out the essence ofthese problems is incomplete information, then starting from thecharacteristics of the Internet, to clarify the principles of the Internet tosolve the problem of incomplete information, Then give differentsolutions for different problems the Internet all aspects.
Keywords: Internet agricultural; Food safety; Incomplete information;Traceability system
目 录
1 导言
1.1 研究背景、目的和意义
1.1.1 研究背景
1.1.2 研究目的与意义
1.2 研究方法、研究思路及技术路线图
1.2.1 研究方法
1.2.2 研究思路
1.2.3 技术路线图
1.3 研究综述
1.3.1 互联网对农业信息传递功能的文献综述
1.3.2 互联网对于食品安全问题的文献综述
1.3.3 农产品电子商务文献综述
2 相关概念界定及理论基础
2.1 关于互联网的界定及其特点
2.1.1 关于互联网的界定
2.1.2 互联网的特点
2.1.3 移动互联网
2.2 关于现代农业的界定及其特点
2.2.1 现代农业的内涵
2.2.2 现代农业的规模效应
2.3 信息不完全理论
2.3.1 信息不完全基本理论
2.3.2 信息的成本
2.3.3 信息与市场经济
2.3.4 信息的经济学效应
2.4 互联网农业
2.4.1 互联网农业的定义
2.4.2 互联网农业的功能
2.4.3 互联网农业与农业信息化的区别
3.我国现代农业体系存在的一些问题
3.1 生产环节存在的问题
3.2 交易流通环节存在的问题
3.3 消费环节存在的问题
3.4 问题的实质是信息不完全
4 互联网对农业问题给出的解决方案
4.1 互联网解决农业问题的基本原理
4.2 生产环节的解决方案
4.3 交易流通环节的解决方案
4.4 消费环节的解决方案
5 互联网在现代农业中的应用困境
5.1 在生产环节的应用困境
5.2 在交易流通环节的应用困境
5.3 在消费环节的应用困境
6 政策建议
参考文献
后 记
