摘 要
2000 年，我国作为世界第一人口大国正式宣布进入老龄社会，社会各界对养老问题的关注度空前高涨，人口老龄化是我国需要面对的社会现实。吉林省自2003 年进入人口老龄化社会以来，人口老龄化状况有加速趋势，养老服务需求明显提升，这就要求吉林省养老服务业必须加快发展速度，提升发展质量，不断适应和满足养老服务的各种需求。
本文以吉林省养老服务业为研究对象，从养老服务业的相关概念与理论出发，通过实证分析，剖析吉林省养老服务业发展问题，根据吉林省经济发展和养老服务业的需求，提出吉林省发展养老服务业的对策建议。总体而言，本文分为四个部分，首先，界定了养老服务业所涵盖的范畴，归纳和总结了相关理论；其次，对西方国家养老服务业发展情况及政策进行了梳理，为吉林省发展养老服务业提供经验；第三，分析吉林省养老服务业发展存在的问题和原因；第四，对吉林省养老服务业发展提出了对策建议。具体内容包括：
第 1 章绪论。主要将本文的研究背景、研究的意义、研究的内容和研究方法等交代清楚。
第 2 章养老服务业一般分析。明确界定养老服务业所涉及的相关概念，包括人口老龄化理论、马斯洛需求层次理论和福利化理论，为分析吉林省养老服务业发展奠定了良好的基础。
第 3 章吉林省养老服务业发展现状及原因分析。本章通过分析吉林省老龄化现状，认为目前吉林省人口老龄化的状况是：人口老龄化超前于社会经济发展水平老年人口规模持续扩大，比重持续上升，人口结构变化加剧了人口老龄化的严峻程度，据此提出吉林省养老服务业发展的紧迫需求。根据人口老龄化状态，吉林省大力促进养老服务业发展，取得了一定成绩。但是，仍存在着诸多问题，具体体现在：机构养老需求高与养老机构入住率低的矛盾；缺少医护型养老机构，养老机构服务模式需创新；养老服务人员严重不足且素质偏低；社区和居家养老服务相对滞后；养老服务管理缺乏规范化和专业化；城镇养老机构多数微利或亏损经营等。
第 4 章国外养老服务业发展经验。通过分析英国、瑞典、法国、加拿大等西方发达国家养老服务业成功发展的经验，总结出其中的特点，为发展吉林省养老服务业提供经验借鉴。
第 5 章推动吉林省养老服务业发展的对策建议。针对吉林省养老服务业发展的需求和业已取得成功经验，明确吉林省发展养老服务业的总体思路，探索吉林省养老服务业发展和完善的方向及政策措施。本章以持续满足吉林省老年人日益增长的养老服务需要为出发点和落脚点，提出了完善吉林省养老行业发展体系提出相应政策建议：完善养老服务业发展制度建设，强化监督管理、注重政策扶持、统筹发展规划，充分发挥政府的主导作用，积极创造发展环境和条件；通过转变政府职能、创新体制机制、激发社会活力，充分发挥社会力量的主体作用，满足多样化的养老服务需求；通过开放市场准入、规范行业标准、整合社会资源，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，提供更加丰富的养老服务和产品，推动养老服务事业和产业协调发展；统筹规划养老服务体系和设施建，拓宽资金投入渠道；培育发展社会组织，引导社会力量参与养老服务；创新养老模式，推动“医养结合”整合发展；加强养老服务队伍建设，规范养老服务管理等建议，以期对吉林省养老服务业的发展尽微薄之力。
关键词：养老服务业；发展；问题；对策
Abstract
As the world's most populous country, China officially entered the aging societyin 2000, causing the community highly concerned about the pension issue. Theproblem of aging population has to be faced by us. Since Jilin province has enteredthe aging society in 2003, the demand for pension services has increased significantly,which requires the pension service industry to accelerate the pace of development,improve the quality of development, and constantly adapt to meet the needs ofpension services.
From the related concepts and theories of pension services, this paper takes Jilinpension services for study and makes some recommendations about how to improve it,through a combination of empirical and normative analysis. Overall, the paper isdivided into four parts. First, we define the scope of services covered by the pension,and summarize the relevant theories; Secondly, we collect the western country'sdevelopment status about pension services and related policies to provide someexperience for Jilin; Third, the problems and causes of pension service industry inJilin are analyzed; And fourth, we put forward some suggestions about pensionservice industry in Jilin Province.
Chapter 1 is Introduction. It will explain clearly the main research background,significance, research content and research methods.
Chapter 2 generally analyzes the problem of pension services. A clear definitionof the concepts involved in the pension services, including population Aging theory,Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and welfare theory for analyzing pension serviceindustry in Jilin Province has laid a good foundation.
Chapter 3 analyses the Pension Service Industry's situation and problem in Jilin.
In the current situation analysis, we found that the aging of population is ahead of thelevel of socio-economic development and the elderly population continues to grow,which urgently requires a development of pension service industry in Jilin. Accordingto theaging population statues, Jilin Province vigorously promote the development ofpension service industryand has achieved some certain results. However, there are stillmany problems in Jilin Province's pension service industry, embodying in: the gapbetween high demand and low occupancy in pension institutions; the lack of quantityof health care-typepension institutions and innovations about pension institutionmodels; the serious shortage of high quality pension staffs; community andhome-based care services is lagging behind; the lack of pension service managementstandardization and specialization; most urban pension institutions operating profit orloss and so on.
Chapter 4 is an overseas of pension service industry experience. By analyzingthe successful development experience of the United Kingdom, Sweden, France,Canada and other Western country's pension services, we summed up thecharacteristics which provide experience for the development of Jilin pensionservices.
Chapter 5 is about some countermeasures to promote the development of pensionservice industry in Jilin Province. According to the demand for pension serviceindustry in Jilin Province and the success experience, a clear idea of the overalldevelopment of Jilin pension services has been found, while exploring the directionand improving policy measures. This chapter to continue to meet the growing elderlycare services in Jilin Province needs as the starting point and goal, by improving thedevelopment of the industry in Jilin Province pension system put forward policyrecommendations, including clarifying ideas, improve the pension systemconstruction and development of the service industry, strengthen supervision andmanagement focus on policy support, overall development plan, give full play to theleading role of the government, and actively create conditions for the development ofthe environment; Through the transformation of government functions, innovativeinstitutional mechanisms to stimulate social vitality, full play the main role of socialforces, to meet the diversified pension services demand; through open market access,regulate the industry standards, integration of social resources and give full play to thedecisive role of the market in allocating resources, and provide a richer pensionservices and products to promote the pension service business and industrialdevelopment. Proposed pension service system overall planning and construction offacilities; widen funding channels; foster the development of social organization, andguide social forces to participate in pension services; pension model innovation,promote medical support combined with integrated development; strengthen thepension service team building, standardize management pension services and otherproposals to the development of pension service industry in Jilin Province to makemodest force.
KEY WORDS:Pension industry; Development; Problems; Countermeasures
目录
摘要
ABSTRACT
目录
第 1 章引论
1.1 选题背景
1.2 选题意义
1.3 研究内容
1.4 研究方法
第 2 章养老服务业一般分析
2.1 养老服务业若干范畴界定
2.1.1 老龄产业与养老服务业
2.1.2 家庭养老与机构养老
2.1.3 当前我国的养老服务体系
2.2 养老服务业相关理论
2.2.1 人口老龄化理论
2.2.2 马斯洛需求层次理论
2.2.3 福利多元论
第 3 章吉林省养老服务业发展现状及问题探析
3.1 吉林省人口老龄化发展状况
3.1.1 人口老龄化超前于社会经济发展水平
3.1.2 老年人口规模持续扩大
3.1.3 人口老龄化日益严峻
3.2 吉林省养老服务业发展现状
3.2.1 机构养老服务得到进一步充实和提高
3.2.2 养老机构体系更趋多元化、合理化
3.2.3 社区养老设施不断完善
3.2.4 养老服务队伍逐渐扩大
3.2.5 养老服务业投入规模不断提高
3.2.6 大力推进医疗卫生与养老服务结合发展
3.2.7 特殊老年群体的社会福利保障稳定有力
3.3 吉林省养老服务业发展中存在的主要问题
3.3.1 对养老服务业的认识有待加强
3.3.2 养老服务社会化程度较低
3.3.3 养老服务业发展不够均衡
3.3.4 养老服务业发展资金缺乏
3.3.5 养老服务人员的专业技能有待提升
3.4 吉林省养老服务业发展与国内其他地区情况比较
第 4 章国外养老服务业发展经验
4.1 英国养老服务业发展情况
4.1.1 英国养老服务业的模式
4.1.2 英国养老服务业发展模式的主要特征
4.2 法国养老服务业发展情况
4.2.1 法律养老服务业制度
4.2.2 法国养老服务业发展模式的主要特征
4.3 瑞典养老服务业发展情况
4.3.1 瑞典养老服务的形式
4.3.2 瑞典养老服务业发展模式的基本特征
4.4 加拿大养老服务业发展情况
4.4.1 政府职责明确是重要保证
4.4.2 社会化服务是主要形式
4.4.3 中介机构发挥重要作用
4.4.4 高标准服务是主要内容
4.5 发达国家成功经验总结
4.5.1 以政府为主导，充分发挥市场活力
4.5.2 树立行业发展标准，建立服务体系
4.5.3 重视行业专业化水平，不断提高从业人员服务技能
第 5 章推动吉林省养老服务业发展的对策建议
5.1 吉林省养老服务业需求类型分析
5.1.1 差异化的“按需提供”的服务需求
5.1.2 个性化的“定制提供”的服务需求
5.1.3 统一化的“养老服务中心”的服务需求
5.1.4 及时灵活的“12349”网络服务需求
5.2 吉林省养老服务业发展的总体思路
5.3 吉林省养老服务业发展模式的选择
5.3.1 做好养老服务业市场化试点
5.3.2 推进养老服务综合改革试点
5.3.3 扩大改革创新试点范围
5.4 吉林省发展养老服务业的对策措施
5.4.1 拓宽吉林省养老服务业资金筹措渠道
5.4.2 加快推进养老服务设施建设
5.4.3 大力发展居家养老服务
5.4.4 提高养老服务规范化管理水平
5.4.5 提升养老服务从业人员素质
参考文献
后记
