中文摘要
观念是贝克莱哲学中的两大范畴之一。长期以来我国学术界对于贝克莱哲学缺乏确切的了解，多数人因为贝克莱哲学中“存在就是被感知”这一命题而将其哲学简单地归为主观唯心主义，而忽视其哲学中的合理性因素。本文主要通过对贝克莱早期哲学的代表作《人类知识原理》中的观念进行探析，指出贝克莱早期的反抽象观念论是坚守洛克经验主义立场的必然结果。而其后期由于受柏拉图和亚里士多德以及笛卡尔思想的影响转变为理性主义立场。在后期着作当中，他放弃了“观念”而用“表象”一词取而代之，由此体现出他的哲学中知识论的变化。
本文通过对文本的重读和对观念这一概念的研究探析其前后期哲学思想的变化，得出结论：贝克莱经历了经验主义和唯理主义立场转变，但仍然是一位前后一致的客观唯心论者。
关键词：观念，精神，上帝，唯心主义
Abstract
“Idea” is one of the two major categories in Berkeley's philosophy. For a longtime, his ideas were misunderstood by Chinese scholars. Many people simplyascribed his philosophy to subjective idealism by his proposition “To be is to beperceived”, they also ignored the rational factors in his philosophy. By analyzing the“idea” in The Principle of Human Knowledge, this essay holds that Berkeley's earlyattitude against the Abstract is the inevitable result from his sticking to John Lock'sempiricism. And therefore we can not classify his theory into subjective idealism.
Being greatly influenced by Plato, Aristotle and Descartes, Berkeley gave up “idea”and replaced it with “appearance” in his late life and changed the theory of knowledge.
By carefully rereading his text and reanalyzing the concept of idea, the essayconcludes that he translated from empiricism to rationalism, but Berkeley was still aconstant objective idealist.
Keyword:idea, spirit, God, idealism
目 录
一、引言
1.1 选题意义与研究价值
1.2 文献综述与研究现状
1.2.1 国内研究现状
1.2.2 国外研究现状
二、贝克莱生平及思想背景
2.1 贝克莱的生平
2.2 贝克莱哲学的数学背景
2.3《视觉新论》中阐发的哲学和心理学思想
三、贝克莱哲学观念论的理路
3.1 观念的古今之争
3.2 对洛克观念学说的继承和批判
3.2.1 对洛克学说的继承
3.2.2 对洛克学说的改造
3.3 反抽象观念说
3.3.1 抽象观念的语言学批判
3.3.2 对抽象观念的认识论批判及其体现出的客观唯心主义
3.3.3 抽象观念的本体论批判
四、《西利斯》中阐发的认识论
4.1 观念说的变化
4.1.1 知识的来源
4.1.2 经验主义到唯理主义
4.2.观念学说的困境与以太思想
4.2.1 观念学说的困境
4.2.2 以太思想
结语
参考文献
后记
