摘 要
随着经济全球化的发展，我国综合国力虽然得到提升，但发展极不平衡，对于提升我国文化软实力已经迫在眉睫，这就要求我们不能一味的去迎合西方文化理念，而是要充分挖掘和发扬本国自有的文化亮点，打造自己的文化重心，进而去影响和抗衡外来文化，只有这样才能在竞争激烈的将来保存自己的特色，赢取更多的主动权。在此背景下，少林文化作为我国优秀的传统文化之一，更应抓住机遇主动走出去，提升我国文化软实力。但是少林文化在推广的过程中面临着诸多问题需要去解决，否则，就会丢失核心竞争力，降低其影响力。
少林文化自改革开放以后受到广泛关注，尤其少林寺在得到政府和非遗组织的认可后更是引起全世界的关注。随着少林文化的传播，以拳禅合一思想为主要特点的少林拳引起了人们的极大兴趣，少林拳以难以想象的速度急速传播和发展，现已遍布世界各地，但是急速传播的过程中出现了传播重心偏离的现象，在传播的过程中人们更加注重技术的传播，弱化了禅学思想的传播，这对于少林拳的本质问题造成了极大的误解，长此以往下去人们对于少林拳的理解会发生质的变化，所以，对于少林拳拳禅合一的剖析研究有利于人们更清楚的了解少林拳，有利于了解中国传统文化。
少林拳“拳禅合一”是一种文化现象，形成过程是受中国特有的自然和人文环境影响，所以少林拳的研究应该是文化学范畴的研究。本文以文化学视角，以武术文化形态三层次论（物器技术层、制度习俗层、心理价值层）为主要理论依据和基础，运用文献资料法、实地考察法、比较分析法、逻辑分析法等研究方法，理清少林禅宗是如何对少林拳文化三个层次进行引导，少林拳文化从三层次又如何反馈禅宗，以期达到理清少林拳拳禅合一这种文化现象形成的历史发展脉络，了解少林拳和少林禅宗之间的相互关系，分析两者之间是如何相互作用，从本质上认识少林拳“拳禅合一”特点。
经过研究得出以下结论：
1.禅宗的世俗化对防卫能力提出了需求，是少林拳形成的基础。民间武术和军事武术借助少林寺平台，经过禅宗有条件选择和创新，最终形成了处处体现禅宗思想，具有明显区别于其他拳种特点的少林拳。
2.从文化学角度对少林拳形成和发展可划分为“散兵游勇”、“枝繁叶茂”、“花满人间”三个阶段，划分依据为少林寺重大变革对少林拳文化结构是否产生重大影响。
3.少林拳拳禅合一主要体现在“以禅引拳”和“以拳修禅”.从传统武术文化形态三层次角度分析，禅宗对少林拳文化物器技术层主要从“顿悟”教义引导拓宽了少林拳体系结构，“不立文字，教外别传”的传禅方式引导丰富了少林拳风格多样，禅宗“渐修”的修行方式成就了少林拳的高超技艺，禅宗戒约引导影响了少林拳的技术结构四个方面进行了引导。禅宗对少林拳文化制度习俗层主要从禅宗的世俗化直接促成了少林拳的产生，宗法门头制度的确立促成了少林拳体系成立两方面进行了引导。禅宗对少林拳文化心理价值层主要通过“普度众生”
的禅宗目标赋予了少林拳正义的象征，禅法要求僧徒行为“忍”,心理“悟”的处世态度两方面进行了引导。“以拳修禅”方面，少林拳物器技术层面主要通过习练少林拳可以明显提高寺僧的修禅效率，研习少林拳拳理和拳法可以实践禅宗要求的“大慈大悲”两方面对禅宗发展施加影响。少林拳制度习俗层主要通过少林拳具备的防卫能力为禅宗发展提供了相对稳定的环境保障。少林拳心理价值层主要通过“悟”拳理达到“明心见性”的禅宗目地。
关键词：少林拳；少林禅宗；拳禅合一
Abstract
With the development of economic globalization, China's comprehensivenational strength has been improved though, but development is highly uneven, forenhancing China's cultural soft power is imminent, which requires us to cater to notblindly Western cultural ideas, but to fully exploit and develop highlights of their ownculture, to create their own cultural center, and thus to influence and compete withforeign culture, the only way to save their own characteristics in the fiercecompetition in the future, to win more initiative. In this context Shaolin culture as oneof the best of traditional culture, they should take the initiative to go out and seize theopportunity to enhance the soft power of culture. But faced with the Shaolin culture inthe process of promoting the need to solve many problems, otherwise, you will losethe core competitiveness, reduce its influence.
Shaolin culture attracted widespread attention since the reform and opening up,especially in the temple is to be of concern to the world to be recognized after thegovernment and non-heritage organizations. With the spread of Shaolin culture,Buddhist syncretism in boxing as the main features of Shaolinquan aroused greatinterest, Shaolinquan with unimaginable speed rapid spread and development, , butthe process appears in the rapid spread of the spread of the center of gravity of thephenomenon, in the process of dissemination in which people pay more attention tothe spread of technology, the weakening of the spread of Zen thinking, which isessentially the problem of Shaolinquan caused great misunderstanding, if things go onit for Shaolinquan understanding of nature occur change, therefore, for analysis studyZen Shaolin Sincere unity is conducive to people a clearer understanding of Shaolinboxing, help us to understand traditional Chinese culture.
Sincere Zen Shaolin unity is a cultural phenomenon, the formation process isaffected by China's unique natural and human environmental impacts, the studyshould be studied Shaolinquan Cultural category. Through Cultural Perspective, threemartial arts hierarchy of cultural forms （physical layer technology, systems customlayer, psychological value layer） as the main theoretical basis, the use of literature,field trips, comparative analysis, logical analysis and other methods research, in orderto achieve unity of this sort of Zen Shaolin Impossible cultural phenomenon of thehistorical development of the formation, to understand the relationship between ZenShaolin Shaolinquan and analyze how the interaction between the two, understandingessence of Shaolinquan “fist Zen one ”features.
The Results:
1.A Zen secularization raised demand for defense capabilities, is the basis for theformation of Shaolinquan. Folk and military aid of Shaolin martial arts platform,through Zen conditional choice and innovation, and ultimately the formation of a Zenreflected everywhere, with obvious characteristics different from other boxingShaolinquan.
2. From the cultural perspective on the formation and development ofShaolinquan can be classified as “stragglers”, “flourish”, “flower Poppins” in threestages, divided according to the occurrence of major changes to the structure of theculture of Shaolinquan is a major cultural structure affected.
3. Shaolinquan “Zen fist one” is mainly reflected in the “Zen cited fist” and “fistmeditation.” From the traditional martial arts culture three-level perspective, ZenShaolinquan cultural material technology layer mainly to boot from “Epiphany”doctrine broadens the Shaolinquan architecture, “do not stand writing, teachingoutside Biography” pass Zen boot the rich Shaolinquan style and diverse, Zen“Gradual” The way the achievements of the Shaolinquan practice the skill, Zen guidering about the impact of the four technical structure were Shaolinquan boot. ZenShaolinquan culture system for custom layer directly contributed mainly generatedfrom Zen Shaolinquan secularization, established patriarchal system contributed to thefirst door Shaolinquan two aspects of the system set up to boot. Zen culture ofShaolinquan psychological value layer mainly through the “living beings” ZenShaolinquan goal gives symbol of justice, Zen monks behavior requires “tolerance”
psychological “see” attitude of the two aspects of the boot. “In boxing meditation”, theShaolin Fist thing is the technical level of Shaolinquan, mainly through practitionerscan significantly improve the efficiency of monks in meditation, study andmanagement of Shaolinquan Sincere requirements can practice Zen “merciful” both toinfluence the development of Zen . Shaolinquan system custom layer mainly providesa relatively stable environment protection development through Zen Shaolinquan withdefense capabilities. Shaolinquan psychological value layer mainly through the“Enlightenment” boxing management to achieve “clear your heart,” the Zen head to.
The Keywords: Shaolinquan; Shaolin Zen; Zen fist one
目 录
1 引言
1.1 研究背景
1.1.1 少林文化受到广泛关注
1.1.2 少林拳拳禅思想得到广泛传播
1.1.3 少林拳拳禅思想传播存在诸多误解
1.2 研究意义
1.2.1 少林文化广泛传播的需要
1.2.2 益于少林拳的传承和发展
1.2.3 对我国文化软实力提升的具体实践
2 文献综述
2.1 相关概念阐释
2.1.1 少林拳
2.1.2 拳禅合一
2.1.3 文化学
2.2 关于少林拳的研究
2.3 关于少林禅宗的研究
2.4 少林拳与少林禅宗“拳禅合一”关系研究评述
3 研究对象与方法
3.1 研究对象
3.2 研究方法
3.2.1 文献研究法
3.2.2 实地考察法
3.2.3 比较分析法
3.2.4 逻辑分析法
4 讨论与分析
4.1 少林拳“拳禅合一”的历史形成和发展脉络
4.1.1 少林拳“散兵游勇”阶段
4.1.2 少林拳“枝繁叶茂”阶段
4.1.3 少林拳“花满人间”阶段
4.2 少林拳“拳禅合一”的文化学阐释
4.2.1 “以禅引拳”的文化学阐释
4.2.2 “以拳修禅”的文化学阐释
5 结论
致谢
参考文献
