摘 要
随着社会主义市场经济的发展，特别是在我国加入 WTO 之后，国民经济进一步融入到国际经济活动中，在全球范围内，各种生产要素调高了配置、结构调整的速度。我国企业需要适应不断变化的外部环境，同时也面临着越来越激烈的竞争。为了应对日益复杂的国际市场挑战，我国不断推广新型技术，建立科学市场制度，严格执行，规范经济秩序，企业也在强化内部管理，努力实现收入增长。但目前来说，外界竞争压力过大，我国企业绝大多数都是通过挖潜资源，实现降本增效，从而提高盈利能力。
在企业各项生产要素中，对成本有最大影响的是采购成本，为此，采购管理已经日益成为各类建设公司内部有效的盈利方式。在大型建设企业中，控制采购风险等同于控制了生产、建设、市场营销等方面的风险源。建设企业各类承建项目涉及到采购管理计划制定、采购需求核算、库存规划、验收储存、资金使用等工作的各个方面，所以在项目管理中，成本核算成为了企业管理的重点。未来，如何优化库存数量、制定采购计划、确定一个合理的采购价格，从而降低采购成本，是提高盈利能力的有效途径。现代电子商务发展快速发展，外部竞争、经济转型等因素也在不断影响，所以企业只有借助现代先进的管理技术，再加上信息技术支持，进一步规范现有的采购工作流程，从而减轻乃至避免采购风险，实现综合效益的最大化。
基于上述背景，本文以政兴公司项目建设物资采购管理现状作为研究对象，对采购工作中存在的风险进行探究。首先给出了本文的研究背景，引出本文的研究目的与研究意义，即改进、完善项目物资采购风险管理，并对同行业其它类型物资采购管理产生借鉴作用；进而阐述了物资采购、风险管理等理论，建立了本文的理论基础；然后在该理论框架的基础上，对政兴公司当前项目采购管理工作进行描述，分别从项目前期、项目过程等方面对风险点进行阐述，从中找出其采购管理工作存在的问题；进而结合政兴公司采购工作特征，运用现代采购管理理论提出了采购管理风险控制的策略，包括风险识别、风险控制等措施，从而为政兴公司建立了的新的、科学合理的采购管理方案，最后进行了总结与展望，总结了本文工作，提出了未来研究方向。
关键词：
项目管理，采购管理，风险控制，价格风险，供应商选择
Abstract
With the continuous deepening of the development of the socialist market economy,especially after China's accession to WTO, the national economy into the internationaleconomic integration process, around the world, all kinds of factors of production to increasethe degree of globalization and restructuring. The external environment of enterprises in ourcountry are constantly changing, facing more and more fierce competition and challenge, inorder to cope with the increasingly complex international market, our country more topromote and regulate the operation of the market economy by means of scientific legislationand strict law enforcement, China's enterprises are constantly through the enhancement ofeconomic management income. At present, due to increased competitive pressures, themajority of enterprises through internal potential, lowering the efficiency to improve theprofitability of the business, in the factor of production cost, purchasing cost is the mostimportant of all materials, procurement management has become the effective way of miningcompanies to profit from the inside diameter. The construction enterprise production scale,control the procurement risk, is equal to the starting point and the source control ofenterprise risk management, production, marketing and other aspects of. The projectinvolves the procurement management plan management, purchasing, procurement,inventory management, check and accept, the use of payment and cost accounting and otheraspects of the content, research on how to optimize the procurement in enterprise materialpurchasing management in the quantity and price, to determine a reasonable inventory,reduce purchasing cost and increase the profitability of the business. We must consider manyaspects of modern electronic commerce needs, external competition, standardizedmanagement and other factors, therefore, only the use of modern advanced informationtechnology and communication technology, to standardize the purchase work, eliminate theexisting procurement adverse aspects of the work, strengthen the construction of system ofprocurement, in order to avoid the purchase risk, to achieve the procurement efficiencychemical.
Based on the above background, this paper takes Zhengxing construction materialprocurement management industrial project as the research object, to explore the risks of theprocurement process. Firstly, the research background, research purpose and researchsignificance of this article, namely the improvement, project procurement risk management,and has reference value for the same industry in other types of material procurementmanagement; and then describes the material procurement, risk management theory,establish the theoretical basis of this paper; then based on the theoretical framework on thedescription of the current Zhengxing industrial project procurement management,respectively from the point of the risk of project, project process and other aspects, in orderto find the existing problems in purchasing management; and then combined with thecharacteristics of Zhengxing industrial procurement, the use of modern procurementmanagement theory put forward purchasing management risk control the strategy, includingrisk identification, risk control and other measures, in order to Zhengxing industrial hasestablished new, scientific and reasonable procurement management plan for the Liaoninggovernment, finally has carried on the summary and Prospect of this paper are summarized,and put forward the research direction in the future.
Keywords:
Project management, Purchasing management, Risk control, Price risk, Supplierselection
目 录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究背景
1.2 研究意义
1.3 国内外研究综述
1.3.1 国外风险管理研究
1.3.2 国内风险管理研究
1.4 研究内容与结构
1.5 研究方法与技术路线
第 2 章 相关理论综述
2.1 采购管理相关理论综述
2.1.1 采购管理概念
2.1.2 项目采购管理
2.2 风险管理相关理论综述
2.2.1 风险管理定义
2.2.2 风险管理作用
2.3 项目风险管理流程
第 3 章 政兴公司工程项目采购风险分析
3.1 政兴公司工程项目采购工作现状
3.2 政兴公司项目物资采购风险管理现状
3.3 政兴公司项目物资采购风险识别与原因分析
3.3.1 风险识别
3.3.2 原因分析
第 4 章 政兴公司工程项目物资采购风险评估与控制
4.1 政兴公司项目物资采购风险矩阵建立
4.1.1 风险评价指标建立原则
4.1.2 风险评价指标建立
4.1.3 政兴公司项目物资采购风险评估矩阵
4.2 项目前期采购风险管理
4.2.1 编制合理采购计划
4.2.2 价格计划管理
4.2.3 供应商筛选
4.2.4 招标风险化解
4.3 项目建设过程采购风险管理
4.3.1 供应商价格变动风险控制
4.3.2 采购进度风险控制
4.3.3 质量风险控制
4.4 完善内部控制与内部管理
第 5 章 政兴公司工程项目物资采购风险控制管理保障措施
5.1 采购业务流程重组
5.2 做好物资采购信息沟通
5.3 完善监督机制
第 6 章 总结与展望
参考文献
致 谢
