方言运用与生态文化之间的深层关系探究

　　目录

　　中文摘要

　　Abstract

　　导论

　　第一章 莫言作品中方言运用的方式

　　第一节 方言词汇的直接运用

　　第二节 方言句法的鲜活运用

　　第三节 地域声音的鲜明运用

　　第二章 莫言作品中方言运用的深层原因

　　第一节 方言运用与民间立场

　　第二节 方言运用与大地情结

　　第三章 方言运用与狂欢化效果

　　第一节 方言运用与众语喧哗

　　第二节 方言运用与民间戏谑

　　第三节 方言运用与粗鄙化写作

　　第四章 方言运用的生态文化价值

　　第一节 方言运用与汉语写作反思

　　第二节 方言运用与语言生态保护

　　第三节 方言运用与生态文化

　　结语

　　主要参考文献

　　致谢

 

　　中文摘要

　　莫言作为中国当代最优秀的作家之一，尤其是获得诺贝尔文学奖以后，他及他的作品成为炙手可热的研究对象。生于齐鲁大地的莫言，从他的小说可以读出人杰地灵的齐鲁大地对他的影响，以及他对这片土地发自内心的热爱。莫言独特的语言风格一直是理论界关注的焦点，而方言与标准语的交织运用作为他文学语言的一个突出特色，值得深入思考和关注。在语言生态学研究兴起的背景下，对文学作品中方言运用的关注也是应有之义，本文试图透过莫言小说中的方言运用，探究方言对莫言小说的影响以及其现实意义。笔者从莫言小说中方言运用方式入手，试图揭示出莫言小说中方言运用的深层原因，进而分析方言运用所产生的狂欢化效果，最终探讨方言运用与生态文化之间的深层关系。

　　本文分为导论、正文、结语三大部分。导论部分主要是对莫言小说中方言运用研究着作、论文进行梳理和综述，对方言概念进行界定。正文共分为四个部分，第一部分对莫言小说中的方言运用方式进行分析和例证。莫言小说中的方言运用方式主要集中在方言词汇的直接运用、方言句法的鲜活运用、地域声音的鲜明运用三个方面。方言词汇的运用主要集中在名词、动词、俗语常言、詈词粗话等等；方言句法主要借助叙述语言中短句的大量使用、人物语言中方言句法得以展现。地域声音的运用则是指莫言对流传在当地的唱词、歌谣、快板、茂腔等民间文学的化用。第二部分则深入探讨莫言方言运用的深层原因，本文认为莫言之所以在作品中大量运用方言，是因为他本人“作为老百姓写作”的写作理念以及莫言本人所具有的大地情结，这两个方面是莫言运用方言的内驱力。对莫言的“民间立场”进行分析，这种立场决定了莫言“作为老百姓写作”而不是“为老百姓写作”;其次分析思维方式与语言运用之间的关系，主要从民间话语在作品中的发声方式和对传统文学的继承、创新两个方面入手。第三部分是对莫言方言运用的效果进行阐释，分析方言运用的众语喧哗、民间戏谑以及粗鄙化写作对作品产生的效果。众语喧哗的杂语特征主要借助以下两种方式：共同语、书面语的交叉使用；地域声音借助“镶嵌体裁”在作品中的再现；方言作为底层大众的语言，其对权威的颠覆和其本身所具有的“脱冕”特性，具有浓烈的口语化、幽默化色彩；而方言中大量粗话的使用，使莫言的小说呈现出粗鄙化的特征，这种向下的、亵渎式的姿态，本身就是一种“狂欢”.第四部分是对莫言方言运用的生态文化价值的解读，从方言与语言生态、汉语写作的反思以及生态文化三个角度入手，通过对方言写作的梳理，阐释方言写作的价值和意义。方言作为语言系统不可或缺的组成部分和共同语的重要来源，对维护语言生态系统意义重大；莫言作为新时期的代表作家，其方言写作方式是对汉语写作的反思；同时方言背后所承载的思维方式对当今生态文化颇有价值。

　　中文关键词：莫言小说；方言；狂欢化；生态文化；

　　Abstract

　　As one of Chinese best contemporary writers, Mo Yan and his works have received wideattention, especially after he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Shandongprovince, Mo Yan's novels show not only the influence of his hometown which nourishes manyoutstanding persons but also his love for this land. Mo Yan's unique language style has been thefocus in academic field. The use of dialect together with Putonghua in his works is a prominentfeature which deserves more attention. As the emerging and developing of the study on theecology of language, the use of dialects in literature draws more and more attention. By studyingthe dialect in Mo Yan's novels, this paper attempts to explore the theoretical and practicalsignificance of the employment of dialect. This paper focuses on the way in which Mo Yan usesdialect in his novels so as to explore the underlying causes for the use of dialect, subsequentlyanalyzes the “carnival effect” resulting from the use of dialect, and then studies the deeprelationship between the use of dialect and ecological culture.

　　This paper is divided into three parts, namely introduction, body and conclusion.

　　Introduction mainly defines the concept of “dialect” and reviews the studies on the use of dialectin Mo Yan's novels. The main body of this paper consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 analyzesthe use of dialect in Mo Yan's novels by offering many examples. Mo Yan uses dialect mainly inthree ways: borrowing the local words directly from the dialect, employing sentence patterns ofdialect and using of distinct sounds. Borrowing the local words directly from the dialect mainlyfocuses on nouns, verbs, proverbs and vernaculars while the employing sentence patterns ofdialect is characterized by a number of short sentences in narration and local characteristics indialogues. As for the use of distinct sound, it includes various folk literature such as libretto,ballad, Shandong clapper ballad, and Maoqiang （a kind of opera popular in Gaomi）。 Chapter 2explores the underlying causes for the use of dialect. The author believes that the reasons whyMo Yan uses dialect in his novels extensively are that he is influenced by the philosophy of“writing as a common person” and his love for his hometown. This paper studies Mo Yan'sstandpoint of “writing as a common person” which encourages him to write “as a commonperson” instead of “for common person”. Besides, it discusses the relationship between the wayof thinking and the use of language, which is conducted in two aspects: the use of dialect inliterary works as well as the inheritance and innovation of traditional literature. Chapter 3illustrates the effect of the dialect on Mo Yan's works in which the author analyzes the impact ofclamour, crack jokes and vulgar writing on his works. Clamour is shown in two aspects: first,the use of both colloquial speech and written language, and the use of distinct sound in literaryworks by the employment of “Mosaic Genre”; second, dialect, as a language used by localcommon people, can challenge authority and is featured by “uncrowned”, colloquial andhumorous. In addition, the vulgar words in the dialect make Mo Yan's works vulgar too. And thisdown-ward and profane type of attitude itself is a kind of “Carnival”. Chapter 4 is theinterpretation of the ecological and cultural values of Mo Yan's use of dialect. From theperspectives of the ecology of dialect and language as well as the rethinking of Chinese writingand ecological culture, this paper reveals the value and significance of the dialect writing. As anindispensable part of the language system and the source of common language, dialect has greatsignificance in maintaining the ecological system of language. As a representative writer of thenew era, Mo Yan's use of dialect is a rethinking of Chinese writing. What's more, the way ofthinking hidden behind the dialect is valuable for today's ecological culture.

　　Keywords: Mo Yan's novels; the use of dialect ; carnival; ecological culture;