李锐小说“食色”书写的寓意和价值探究

　　摘 要

　　李锐是中国当代文坛优秀的小说家之一。他一直关注民间底层生活，关注远离政治中心的"食色"生命景观。作为李锐小说的重要表现对象，"食色"具有超出自身意义局限的内涵，成为一种有意味的形式。本文采用文本分析、综合研究等方法，从"食"和"色"两方面入手，审视底层人们的苦难的存在状态，并从生命、权力层面探究李锐小说的"食色"书写的寓意和价值。

　　绪论部分主要梳理了李锐小说的研究现状，并阐释了论文的选题意义。

　　第一章主要讨论李锐小说中的民间的"食色"苦难。饥饿叙事总是贯穿李锐小说的始终。他以独特的笔触，以自己的经历为出发点，执着于表现民间底层民众的困顿状态，并对灾难的起源，以及背后纠缠的政治、文化因素，都有意淡化。而细读李锐的小说，发现李锐的性爱困境总是伴随着物质困境。性爱困境成了在生存线上挣扎的农民的一种真实生存状态，扭曲了他们的人性，使农民无法享受现代文明。

　　第二章探讨"食色"背后的生命隐喻。李锐用"撑死"的形象去写饥荒，这比饿死更能体现悲剧感。但从向生的方面来说，又充满了喜剧感，在这些恐怖的死亡氛围中洋溢着生的气息；同时难以承受"食色"苦难的人们选择自杀式死亡，显示了人们对于生存苦难的一种绝望的反抗，对信念和尊严的一种维护。死成为一种醒目的悲剧，生的意义得到最高程度的张扬。

　　第三章主要阐述"食色"书写的权力内涵。李锐的"食色"书写不仅仅是隐喻个体生命，同时也是一种复杂的权力话语，它揭示了灾难、欲望背后的政治权力、性别权力，对下层民众尤其是女性形象寄予了深切同情，对权力者寄托了深刻的政治讽喻。

　　首先，性别权力的不平衡。性别平等与否是政治问题，也是权力问题。李锐笔下的女人们富有牺牲精神，如同一个"圣母",是"整整一半的人类".但他又对现实生活中女性的处境表示了深深的担忧，因为这是一个"以男性话语为中心"的社会，男人充满优越感，无论是在生理还是在心理上女人都是失声的，式微的。她们忍受着一切，甚至付出自己的生命。但是无论她们做出多大的牺牲，也无法改变自身"物化"的存在，无法从男性的"势力范围"中解脱出来，始终是男权社会中的祭奠品。作为一个男性作家，李锐同情于小说中女性所处的生存状态，同时他也无力毁坏男权的压迫。因这作为一种风俗，已经内在化的被人们所接受。

　　其次，"食色"的优劣与政治权力等级高低息息相关。在李锐笔下，权力者和农民之间对"食色"的占有存在着明显的过剩与不足，队长（或会计、村长等）可以拥有粮食和女人的先决使用权和分配权，而村中的男人在权力者的权威下，多显示出无能和懦弱。这是"食色"背后的权力逻辑，表现了民间民主权力及人身肉体权力的不足。当然，权力者并不是赤裸裸的一味地占有着粮食和女人。在一定的时候，他们会表现出慷慨大方的一面，将自己手中的资本——女人和粮食施舍给弱者，虽然这些表面看来是权力者无私的馈赠，但是这背后也是一种权力的手段，是一种收买、笼络人心的政治行为。

　　关键词： 李锐 食色书写 生命 权力

　　Abstract

　　"The two basic impulse of people and animals are food and sex, or eating and men andwomen, or hunger and love. They are the two major source of the power of life, and are thesource of the original yuan……"."food and sex" have become an inevitable topic on literature.

　　Groups as ShanXi’s writers Lirui, he has been focused on the underlying folk life, focus onthe life of the landscape of away from political center. Food and sex are his novel importantperformance object, food and sex in the novel are beyond their limited connotation, become akind of meaningful form. In this paper, the methods of text analysis, comprehensive study,from the two aspects of "food" and "sex", looking at the bottom of the sufferings of the peoplein the state, from the aspect of life, political explore Lirui novel writing of moral and value.

　　The introduction of this paper elaborates the significance of the subject and the researchstatus about Lirui’s novels.

　　The First chapter, food and sex for the suffering of mankind. Narrative always hungerthroughout the course of the Lirui novels by his unique writing style, local world focus ontheir imagination, showing the struggle for food life background, to construct the local worldunder the chronically hungry; Reading through the novel, we found that Lirui sex plight isalways accompanied by physical difficulties. On struggling farmers struggling for sex plighthas become a real living state, making farmers unable to enjoy the modern civilization.

　　Original desire for food, make its relentlessly coat off civilization, to return to the animalnature. Sex in the novels of Lirui, just simple physiological needs, is always accompanied bythe imperfect.

　　The second chapter, the metaphor of life. To write a famine he support dead image, thiscan reflect tragic sense more than starve to death. But born of the ways, and full of sense ofcomedy, in the death of the terrorist atmosphere permeated with the breath; Unbearable forfood when people choose to commit suicide death of suffering. Death to become highly foodcolor suffering torture people out of the way, shows the people suffering a desperateresistance for survival, a maintenance of belief and dignity. Death become a striking thetragedy of life get a highest make public.

　　The third chapter, the sex of the political connotation. Lirui writing is not only ametaphor of life, is also a kind of complex political discourse, he reveals the disaster, thepolitical power behind the desire, has profound sympathy for people especially women form,to answer for deep political allegory.

　　First of all, the imbalance of gender power. Gender equality or not is the power problemand political problem. the relations between men and women is not balanced, women tendedto be the most low-end chain. In the famine years, often appear sell his wife, the wife scene.

　　Also, the low status of women extends into the "sex". As a writers, Lirui is not intended todestroy the patriarchal oppression, women no matter how much sacrifice, also hard to escapethe male "spheres of influence", become a victim of festivals. They can't get rid of a culturederived from the men and on their code of ethics, which, as a kind of custom, has internalizedaccepted, "on one side of the side of the road and docility fully embody a kind of relation, thecountryside is everlasting difficult strong combination, no power can shook it." "If she was ayoung girl, my father would have to control all sorts of her power. If she is married, he willhand over all the power to give her husband."Second, the food quality is closely related to political power level high and low. InLirui's answer and farmers for food and sex has obvious also exist between surplus anddeficiency of opposites, captain （accounting） can have a right to the use of food and womenprecondition and distribution, and the man in the village under the authority of the captain,more show the incompetence and weak, this is the power logic behind the food and sex,represent the civil democratic power and the lack of personal physical power. Answer is, ofcourse, not naked blindly possession with food and women, in due time, they will show thegenerous side, their capital in the hands of a woman and alms food to the weak, while thesurface appears to be subordinate to selfless gift, but it is also a kind of means of powerbehind, is a buying or to win political behavior.

　　Key Words: Lirui Food and Sex Life Politic
 

　　目 录

　　中文摘要

　　英文摘要

　　引 语

　　第一章 民间的"食色"苦难

　　第一节 民间的饥饿书写

　　一、李锐的饥饿记忆

　　二、底层民众的物质困境

　　第二节 性爱困境

　　一、伴随物质困境而来的性欲困境

　　二、畸形的交易：饮食在性欲中的重要作用

　　第二章 "食色"背后的生命隐喻

　　第一节 荒诞的"撑死"

　　第二节 自杀式死亡

　　第三章 "食色"的权力内涵

　　第一节 性别权力："哺育"与"食母"

　　第二节 政治权力：资本的过剩与不足

　　结 语

　　参考文献

　　后 记