摘要
近些年来，我国城镇化进程得到了极大发展，城镇化率从 1978 年的 17.9%提高到 2015 年的 56.1%,我国的城镇常住人口也从 1.7 亿人增加到了 7.7 亿人。但是，2015 年我国的户籍人口城镇化率却只有 39.9%,不仅远低于发达国家 80%的平均水平，也低于人均收入与我国相近的发展中国家 60%的平均水平，这极大地制约了我国城镇化的健康发展。为此，中央城镇化工作会议和《国家新型城镇化规划（2014-2020 年）》都提出，新型城镇化要以人的城镇化为核心，把有序推进农业转移人口市民化作为下一步工作的重中之重，并提出到2020 年要实现常住人口城镇化率达到 60%,户籍人口城镇化率达到 45%左右。
从目前状况来看，60% 的目标比较容易实现，但是户籍人口城镇化率要达到45%,则需要付出巨大的努力。为此，《十三五规划纲要》指出，“推进有能力在城镇稳定就业和生活的农业转移人口举家进城落户，并与城镇居民享有同等权利和义务。”这表明了党和政府推进农民工市民化的坚强决心。
然而在实践中，农民工有很强烈的市民化的愿望，却没有相应的市民化的能力，政府近些年围绕着解决市民化的外在制度障碍做出了很大努力。下一步的重点要放在农民工市民化的能力建设方面，即提升农民工的人力资本。农民工人力资本的提升不仅有利于顺利地实现市民化，也有利于我国在经济新常态下收获更高层次的人口红利，更有利于创新型国家的战略目标的实现，打造中国经济升级版。为此，本文以农民工市民化为主题，以人力资本为主线展开研究。农民工市民化是要实现的目标，而人力资本的提升则是实现的手段。本文的主要内容和主要结论如下：
绪论部分是概述，主要介绍了选题的背景与意义、思路和方法，以及对现有的研究进行了梳理，可能的创新与不足。
第 2 章是本文的理论分析部分。在本章中，本文梳理了马克思关于人力资本的思想和西方经济学关于人力资本的思想，以及人力资本思想对于解决农民工市民化问题的意义。
第 3 章和第 4 章是本文的现实分析部分，也是本文的主体分析部分。在第3 章中，本文首先分析了当前农民工在人力资本存量和增量方面存在的问题，以及这种人力资本困境对于市民化的影响。第 4 章着重从宏观和微观两个方面论述农民工人力资本困境的原因，宏观方面可以归结为二元劳动力市场、产业结构不合理、教育资源分配不均；微观方面则是农民工培训的缺失。
第 5 章是本文的政策建议部分，针对第 4 章中分析的原因，结合国家在农民工市民化方面的最新政策，提出了从外围解决措施和内在提升措施两方面加快提升农民工的人力资本，提出的解决措施注重将提升农民工的人力资本与解决市民化过程中重要的外在制约因素结合起来。
关键词：人力资本，农民工，市民化，培训
Abstract
Over the years,urbanization in China has experienced a rapid growth, which canbe seen from the urbanization rate increasing from 17.9% in 1978 to 56.1% in 2015and also the population of permanent residents in cities and towns increasing from170 million to 770 million. Nevertheless, the census register population urbanizationrate is only 35.9% in China by 2013, being not only much lower than the averagelevel of 80% in the developed countries but lower than the average level of 60% in thedeveloping countries, which is an obstacle to the sound development of urbanization.
Therefore, the Central Working Conference of Urbanization and the National NewUrbanization Planning （2014-2020） has stressed that the new-type urbanization oughtto be human-centered and the citizenization of rural-to-urban population should beprioritized in the next step. Meanwhile, by 2020, the urbanization rate of permanentresidents should reach 60% and household register population urbanization rate oughtto attain 45%. At present, the former is readily achievable while the latter still requireconsiderable efforts. Consequently, the 13th Five-Year Plan points out that topromote the rural-to-urban population whose urban employment and living are stableurbanizes with their families and guarantee their parallel rights and obligations withurban residents, which has indicated the government's determination to realize thecitizenization of migrant workers.
While, though being eager to be citizen, the migrant workers are lack of relatedcompetence. In these years, the government has made great efforts to wipe out theinstitutional obstacles to citizenization. And the next point is rural migrant workers'competence for urbanization, namely the promotion of migrant workers' humancapital, which is not only beneficial to citizenization, but to harvest a higher level ofdemographic dividend under the New Normal, more conducive to the implementationof an innovation-oriented country and an updated version of the Chinese economy.
Thus, revolving around the citizenization of migrant workers, this paper employs thehuman capital as the mainline, migrant workers' urbanization as the objective andpromotion of migrant workers' human capital as the approach. The critical contentsand conclusions are as follows:
Introduction, being an overview of this paper, primarily introduces background,significances, ideas and methods of the selected topic and generalizes the existingresearches, potential innovation and deficiency.
Chapter two is theoretical analysis. This chapter focuses on the human capitaltheories in Marxist economics and Western economics as well as its significance tothe urbanization of rural migrant workers.
Chapter three and chapter four are realistic analysis, being the critical part of thisarticle. Chapter three firstly analyzes the current difficulties in the stock andincremental human capital of rural migrant workers as well as its influence tourbanization. Chapter Four concentrates on the macroscopic and microscopic reasonsfor the human capital dilemma of rural migrant workers. On the macro level, it is onaccount of dual labor market, unreasonable industrial structure and unevendistribution of education resource. On the micro level, it is the lack of migrant workertrainings.
Chapter five makes an attempt to offer a series of policy proposals. Aiming at thecauses in chapter four and combining with the latest policies, this part raises themethods of external solution and internal promotion to accelerate the accumulation ofrural migrant workers' human capital and emphasizes the integration of the elevationof rural migrant workers' human capital and the external obstacles in the process ofcitizenization.
Keywords: Human Capital; Migrant Worker; Citizenization; Training
目录
第一章 绪论
（一）选题背景及意义
（二）研究范围以及相关概念的界定
（三）农民工市民化研究综述
（四）研究思路及方法
（五）论文的可能创新与不足
第二章 人力资本理论及其在农民工市民化问题上的意义
（一）马克思关于人力资本的思想
（二）西方经济学关于人力资本的思想
（三）人力资本对农民工市民化问题的意义
第三章 农民工人力资本状况对市民化的影响
（一）农民工人力资本现状分析
（二）农民工人力资本困境对市民化的影响
第四章 农民工人力资本困境的原因分析
（一）二元劳动力市场分割
（二）产业结构不合理
（三）教育资源分配不均
（四）技能培训的缺失
第五章 农民工市民化过程中的人力资本提升路径
（一）外围提升路径
（二）内在提升路径
参考文献
后记
