恶性暴力犯罪的防范与惩罚研究

　　摘要

　　近年来，靳如超爆炸案、郑民生杀童案、温岭袭医案、乌鲁木齐火车站爆炸案、厦门公交纵火案、北京大兴摔童案等一桩桩恶性案件令国人为之震惊，大量以无辜者为侵犯对象的暴力案件挑战着传统犯罪学关于理性决策的解释。防范和惩治恶性暴力犯罪已成维护社会治安和建立社会主义和谐社会进程中为亟待解决的问题。本文重点分析产生该犯罪的历史渊源与文化土壤，探寻恶性案件凶犯的心理特征，为执法和司法部门提供预测与控制该犯罪的方法，同时也为社会管理部门和政法类院校提供这些恶性案件的观察视角和研宄方向。围绕恶性暴力犯罪展开侦查策略和侦察技术的讨论，并进行深入的社会学与心理学的原因分析，然后提出防范、控制和惩罚这些恶性案件对策建议。

　　恶性暴力犯罪本身不是我国刑法学中的固有概念，而是司法职能部门在查办刑事罪案中根据一定的目的和要求而划定的一个践行性称谓。其中，“暴力犯罪”有其刑法学含义，但法学界对暴力犯罪含义的理解不一，至今未能统一，主流观点为“暴力犯罪是指犯罪人故意用强暴的手段侵害他人的人身和公共财产，依法应受到刑法处罚的行为”.而“恶性” 一词，应从两方面来理解，第一，暴力犯罪是直接故意，犯罪人在实施犯罪的过程中，主观上一般会表现出凶残、不计后果的恶性特征；第二，在犯罪人主观的恶性驱动下，犯罪行为造成的后果也一般是具有“直接、显性、血腥、残忍的恶性特征”.从此意义讲，暴力犯罪其实就是一种恶性犯罪。基于上述分析，恶性暴力犯罪含义应界定为：犯罪人使用强暴的手段实施放火、爆炸、杀人、伤害、抢劫、绑架、强奸、贩毒并且造成死伤多人，或者虽然死伤一人，但造成的后果是具有残忍性、血惺性及造成严重经济损失的，应受到刑罚重处的犯罪。

　　本文共分为四个部分；第一部分主要阐述恶性暴力犯罪的概念，恶性暴力犯罪与相近犯罪的联系与区别以及恶性暴力犯罪特征的界定。

　　第二部分主要阐述恶性暴力犯罪的种类，并从主观性和客观性进行分析。

　　第三部分主要阐述恶性暴力犯罪的产生原因和恶性暴力犯罪的客观原因，以及生存状态原因进行分析。

　　第四部分主要是对恶性暴力犯罪如何预防对策。

　　关键词：暴力犯罪；恶性暴力犯罪；犯罪预防；犯罪种类

　　Abstract

　　In recent years, The bombing of Jin Ruchao, The child murder case of Zheng Minsheng,The hit medical records in Wenling, The bombing in Urumqi railway station,The arson bus inXiamen, Beijing Daxing fell child case and a pile of malignant cases make people shocked,a largenumber of innocent persons for cases of violence against objects challenge the traditionalcriminology rational decisions regarding the interpretation. Prevent and punish violent crime hasbecome a vicious maintaining social order and build a h出monious socialist society in the process forthe problems to be solved. This paper focuses on history and culture of the soil to produce the crime,to explore the psychological characteristics of malignant cases the perpetrators, provide predictiveand method of controlling the crime for law enforcement and the judiciary, as well as provide thesemalignant cases for social management and law colleges The viewing angle and research directions.

　　The reason discussions around vicious violent crime investigation tactics and reconnaissancetechnologies and in-depth analysis of sociology and psychology, and then proposed to prevent,control and punish those suggestions malignant cases.

　　Vicious violent crime itself is not inherent in the criminal law concept, but the judicialdepartments in investigating criminal cases in accordance with the purpose and requirements ofcertain designated a practice of the title. Among them,the “violent crime” has its criminal lawmeaning, but legal experts on different understanding of the meaning of violent crime, has failed tounify, the mainstream view is “violent crime is the perpetrator of violence means intentionalinfringement to personal and public property which shall be subject to criminal law punishment. ''

　　The ”vicious“ should be understood in two ways, first,the Department of direct intentional violentcrime, the perpetrator in the implementation of the criminal process often exhibit cruelty subjectivemalignant features reckless,”violent crime lack mercy, compassion“; its Second,subjective viciousbehavior, driven by the harm caused by the consequences of criminal behavior also tend to have a”direct, explicit, bloody, cruel and malignant characteristics.“ From this sense, violent crime isactually a vicious crime. Based on the above analysis, the vicious violent crime should bedefined as meaning: The perpetrator used violence means to implement arson,bombings,murder, injury, robbery, kidnapping, rape, drug trafficking and causing casualties,,people or oneperson, although casualties, but the harm consequences have cruelty, blood Xing resistance andeconomic losses caused by severe criminal penalties should be subject to re-place.

　　This article is divided into four parts altogether;The first part mainly explains the concept of serious violence crime, malignant definecharacteristic of violent crime and violent crime and the close relation and distinction between thecrime.

　　The second part mainly elaborates malignant types of violent crime,and analysed fromsubjectivity and objectivity.

　　The third part mainly elaborates the teason of serious violence crime and objective reasons ofserious violence crime, and analyzes reasons for existence.

　　The fourth part is mainly about how serious violence crime prevention countermeasnres.

　　Keywords: violent crime; vicious violent crime; crime prevention ; Types of crime
 

　　目录

　　摘要

　　Abstract

　　正文

　　1恶性暴力犯罪概述

　　1.1

　　1. 2特征界定

　　1. 2.1 疯狂性

　　1. 2. 2具有虐待性

　　1.2.3突发性

　　1. 2. 4个体性

　　1.2.5报复社会性

　　1.3恶性暴力犯罪与相近犯罪的联系与区别

　　1. 3.1恶性暴力犯罪与恐怖犯罪的联系与区别

　　1. 3. 2恶性暴力犯罪与黑社会性质组织犯罪的联系与区别

　　1.3. 3恶性暴力犯罪与普通危害人身暴力犯罪的联系与区别

　　2恶性暴力犯罪的种类

　　2.1主观恶性暴力犯罪

　　2.1.1青少年恶性暴力犯罪

　　2.1. 2精神障碍恶性暴力犯罪

　　2.2客观恶性暴力犯罪

　　2.2.1生活困窘恶性暴力犯罪

　　2. 2. 2社会冲突恶性暴力犯罪

　　2. 2. 3恶性的家庭暴力犯罪

　　2.2. 4婚恋中的恶性暴力犯罪

　　3.恶性暴力犯罪产生的原因

　　3.1恶性暴力犯罪的个人主观原因

　　3.1. 1教育原因

　　3.1.2人格原因

　　3.2恶性暴力犯罪的客观原因

　　3.2. 1生存状态原因

　　3. 2. 2不当舆论宣传的原因

　　3. 2. 3社会冲突原因

　　4.恶性暴力犯罪的预防对策

　　4.1个体预防

　　4. 2字土会预P方

　　4.3学习日本加强精神患者行凶管理与预防

　　结语

　　参考文献

　　致谢