保定植物园优化改造分析

　　摘 要

　　植物园作为城市中的重要设施及生物多样性保护的重要场所，是人们实现社会物质生活、精神文明共同发展的重要载体，具有科研、科普、游憩与开发等多重功能，搞好植物园的建设至关重要。本文以保定植物园为研究对象，以实地勘察、访问、问卷调查为研究方法，旨在通过对国内外植物园改造更新的典型案例的分析与研究，保定植物园植物展示、游览、科普与服务、休闲娱乐功能的实地调研分析，保定植物园游客满意度调查分析，归纳总结出保定植物园改造规划的功能定位、理念及原则，提出具体的改造规划方案，为保定市市民提供新型的现代城市公共绿地空间，使植物园的发展更加系统化、科学化、人性化。论文主要得出以下结论：

　　第一，阐述了英国皇家植物园、杭州植物园、福州植物园改造规划案例的背景，在此基础上，归纳总结了三个典型案例在改造规划理论、方法、内容上的实践经验，主要包括：①植物园的功能内涵必须与市民生活紧密联系；②重视科普活动与设施的营造；③加强植物资源搜集，追求丰富的植物展示内容。

　　第二，对保定植物园植物展示、游览、科普与服务、休闲娱乐四个重要功能及游客满意度进行了实地调研，调研结果如下：①全园包括 4 个专类园、3 个主题园、1 个树木园；游憩场地约 20 处，滨水场地两处，游憩设施主要包括 5 个亭子、3 个花架、2 个景桥、1 个廊架；园路分三级，一级路宽 6m,路长 4110m,二级路宽4m,路长 5028m,三级路宽 2m,路长 4450m;②游客中男性占 53%,女性占 47%;年龄在 60 岁以上的游客最多，占 36%,其次是 25 至 45 岁，占全部游客的 30%;大专学历游客的占全部游客的 53%;保定市游客占全部游客的 68%;此前有过植物园游玩经历的游客占 95%;游玩的时间以半天为最多，占全部游客的 78%,在本次同游人数上，3 至 4 人同游的最多，占 36%,和家人、亲戚一起游玩的人数较多，占总体样本的 61%,游客游玩前对植物园各功能期望排前三位的分别是植物种类、游憩设施、科普活动；游客对保定植物园整体满意度较高，有 38.33%的游客对此植物园反映一般，同时有 6.33%的游客表示不满意。掌握了园区资源的种类、分布及特点，但同时存在许多问题，主要包括：①植物展示内容不够丰富，植物展示格局破碎化；②园路分级杂乱，布局不够合理，许多景区缺少园路连接；③游憩场地及设施不够丰富，针对性较弱；④缺少系统化的科普解释性设施，科普教育活动不够丰富；⑤休闲娱乐内容不够丰富等。

　　第三，根据实地调研结果，借鉴案例中成功的植物园改造规划理念，提出了保定植物园改造规划理念、原则、方案，具体包括：规划将园内植物展示方式分为 4种类型，包括树木园、专类园、主题园及景观温室展示；重视对珍惜植物资源、物质能源植物的搜集；将高尔夫球场与滑雪场拆除，分别改建成现代植物展览温室与岩石园；保留竹园原来的假山、水系，构建观景桥；将竹园的一部分改为牡丹芍药园；将花园大道周边的草花园改造成规则式种植的花园；帝尧纪念堂两侧设立盆景园；春花园南侧设立月季园；缩小秋色园范围，增加更具有特色的主题园：芳香花溪园及儿童活动区；调整一级路分布，增加了各区游步道数量，拆除园内破旧、杂乱的设施、构筑物，使全园景观格局一体化等；丰富园区休闲娱乐、科普活动内容。将保定植物园定位于植物搜集展示、科普教育、休闲游憩、生态多样性于一体的综合性植物园。

　　关键词：保定植物园；现状资源；游客满意度；改造规划

　　Abstract

　　As an important facility in the city and an important place for biodiversityconservation.Botanical garden is the place which people achieve the material life andspiritual civilization as the important carrier of common development, have scientificresearch, popular science, recreation and development such as multiple functions. Theconstruction of the botanical garden is very important. This text, Baoding botanical gardenas the research object, based on field investigation, interview, questionnaire surveyresearch methods, aimed at to reform the botanical garden at home and abroad to updatethe analysis and study of typical cases, Baoding botanical garden show, sightseeing,popular science, entertainment and service function of field survey, Baoding botanicaltourist satisfaction survey analysis, summarizes the function orientation of Baodingbotanical garden planning, concept and principle, put forward specific planning scheme,the residents in Baoding city provides a new type of modern urban public green spacemake the development of botanical garden more systematic, scientific, human nature.

　　Thesis mainly the following conclusions:

　　First, this paper expounds the royal botanic gardens, Hangzhou botanical garden, theplanning of Fuzhou botanical garden the background of the case, on this basis, summarizedthree typical cases on the planning theory, method, content, practice experience, mainlyincludes: （1）the function connotation of the botanical garden must closely contact withthe life of people,（2） attaches great importance to popular science activities and facilitiesconstruction; （3） strengthen the plant resources to collect, the pursuit of rich plant displaycontent.

　　Second, the Baoding botanical garden show, sightseeing, popular science,entertainment and service four important functions and tourist satisfaction on the fieldinvestigation, the research results are as follows: （1） cultivation dominated all kinds of 516kinds of plants, a total of four gardens, three theme park, an arboretum; Recreational sitesaround 20, waterfront space in two places, recreational facilities including five pavilions, 3,2 bridge, 1 corridor; Garden road level 3, level 6 m, right way is 4110 m long, secondaryright 4 m, road length 5028 m, 2 m level 3 right, road 4450 m long; （2） tourists accountedfor 53% of men, women accounted for 47%; Most visitors, aged over 60 years old （36%），followed by 25 to 45 years old, accounting for 30% of the total tourists; College degree oftourists accounted for 53% of the total tourists; Baoding city tourists accounted for 68% ofthe total tourists; Previously, tourists had have visit botanical garden experience; Playtime in half a day, for most, accounting for 78% of all visitors, and in the number of thetruck with 3 to 4 people walks up, accounted for 36%, the number of people with familyand relatives together, more, accounting for 61% of the total sample, botanical gardeneach function before the tourists want to see the top three, respectively is plant species,recreation facilities, science popularization activities; Visitors to Baoding botanical gardenoverall satisfaction is higher, there are 38.33% of visitors to this botanical garden reflectgenerally, there are 6.33% of the visitors said not satisfied at the same time. Mastery of thespecies, distribution and characteristics of campus resources, but there are a number ofproblems at the same time, mainly includes: （1） plants display content is not rich, plantdisplay fragmentation pattern; （2） garden road grading, unreasonable layout, the manyscenic area lack of garden road connection; （3） recreation sites or facilities is not enoughrich, weak pertinence; （4） the lack of systematic science explanatory facility, popularscience education activity is not rich; （5） leisure entertainment content rich enough.

　　Third, according to the results of field investigation, the botanical garden use casesuccessful renovation planning idea, put forward the planning Baoding botanical gardenconcept, principle, scheme, specific include: the planning of garden plants display can bedivided into four types, including arboretum, theme park, theme park and landscapegreenhouse show; Great importance to cherish plant resources, material energy plantcollection; Remove the golf and ski slopes, respectively transformed into modernexhibition greenhouse and rock garden plants; Keep w, the original rockery, water system,build view bridge; Change the part of the bamboo garden to peony peony garden; Aroundthe garden avenue, grass garden into a regular planting gardens; Emperor Yao memorialhall set up listings on both sides; Spring garden south to set up the Chinese rose garden;Narrowing the scope of autumn garden, add more distinctive theme park: park andchildren's activity area; Adjusting primary distribution, increase the number attached toswim trails and dismantle the park's shabby, clutter facilities, structures, that dominated thelandscape pattern integration, etc.; Rich park leisure entertainment, popular scienceactivities. Will be located in Baoding botanical garden plant collection show, popularscience education, recreation, ecological diversity in a body's comprehensive botanicalgarden.

　　Key words: Botanical garden of Baoding; Present situation of resources; Touristsatisfaction; the planning

    目录

　　目录……9

　　1 引言……1

　　1.1 研究背景与意义……1

　　1.1.1 研究背景……1

　　1.1.2 研究意义……1

　　1.2 研究内容与方法……2

　　1.2.1 研究内容……2

　　1.2.2 研究方法……2

　　1.3 国内外植物园研究概述……3

　　1.3.1 国外植物园研究概述……3

　　1.3.2 国内植物园研究概述……4

　　2 国内外植物园改造规划案例研究……6

　　2.1 英国皇家植物园邱园……6

　　2.1.1 背景概况……6

　　2.1.2 规划理念与途径……6

    2.1.3 小结…… …7

　　2.2 杭州植物园……7

　　2.2.1 背景概况……7

　　2.2.2 规划理念与途径……8

　　2.2.3 小结……8

　　2.3 福州植物园……9

　　2.3.1 背景概况……9

　　2.3.2 规划理念与途径……9

　　2.3.3 小结……10

　　3 保定植物园功能现状及满意度调查研究……11

　　3.1 保定植物园功能现状调查研究……11

　　3.1.1 保定植物园概况……11

　　3.1.2 调查内容与方法……12

　　3.1.3 保定植物园功能现状分析……12

　　3.2 保定植物园满意度调查研究……21

　　3.2.1 调查内容与方法……21

　　3.2.2 问卷调查有效性控制……22

　　3.2.3 调查问卷的设计……22

　　3.2.4 问卷统计分析……23

　　3.3 保定植物园现状调研结果……27

　　3.3.1 改造优势……27

　　3.3.2 存在问题……27

　　4 保定植物园改造规划……29

　　4.1 改造规划定位分析……29

　　4.2 规划理念与原则……29

　　4.2.1 规划理念……29

　　4.2.2 规划原则……29

　　4.3 改造规划内容……31

　　4.3.1 植物展示系统……31

　　4.3.2 游览系统……37

　　4.3.3 科普与服务系统……42

　　4.3.4 休闲、娱乐系统……42

　　5 结论与讨论……44

　　5.1 结论……44

　　5.2 讨论……45

　　参考文献……46

　　致谢……52