中文摘要
2013 年，卫生部和国家人口计生委合并，成立国家卫生和计划生育委员会。上世纪八十年代计划生育政策出台，为了更好的实施计划生育政策，人口计生委应运而生，经历了三十多年的风风雨雨，人口计生委始终是社会舆论和群众关注的目标。人口计生委从诞生到最终合并的过程也正是我国计划生育政策的所经历的路程。而这一阶段人口计生委的调整，预示着我国计划生育政策实施方向的转变。一直以来，计划生育政策就是中国最受关注、讨论度最高的社会政策，不可否认的是计划生育政策是我国当时的社会、经济、人口形势下的必然选择，而且它很好的遏制了人口急速增长的态势，降低了人口增长率，缓解了人口数量过多、增长速度过快带来的问题。但是计划生育政策自实施以来，我国的社会经济发展状况、人们的生育观念都在发生变化，计划生育政策出台时要解决的社会经济发展和我国人口基数大、增长速度快之间的矛盾已经不复存在，计划生育政策需要与时俱进并做出调整。虽然在三十多年的时间里计划生育政策一直在做相应的调整，但是这些细微的调整似乎跟不上社会发展的快速步伐。与此同时，计划生育政策给我国社会和经济带来的负面影响也在不断的显露出来，如导致严重的出生人口性别比失调、人口老龄化、提前结束“人口红利期”、人口素质相对逆淘汰、产生一定数量的失独家庭等，这些问题已经成为制约中国发展的突出问题。基于以上问题的产生，学术界对于是否应该取消独生子女计划生育政策有了不同的看法，一部分专家学者认为我国仍是世界上人口最多的国家，我国人口基数大的这一事实并未改变，所以应该继续现行的计划生育政策不变。另一部分学者则认为现阶段有计划生育政策实施所带来的问题已经日益显着，应该及时大幅度的调整计划生育政策，以避免这些问题的进一步恶化，现在首先要做的就是全面放开二胎。对此，笔者认为我国的计划生育政策确实应当做出适时的调整。现阶段，随着国家卫生计生委的组建，计划生育政策大的调整势在必行。
本文结合国内外学者对于计划生育政策问题的研究成果，将中国计划生育政策按照三个历史阶段分别详细描述各阶段的产生原因及影响，阐述当前计划生育政策产生的社会效应和经济效应，并试图分析现行计划生育政策所面临的社会问题、状况与原因，文章最后通过分析结合中国国情提出我国现行生育政策调整或改革的几点对策建议。
关键词：计划生育政策；效应；单独二孩
Abstract
In 2013, the Ministry of Health and the National Population and Family PlanningCommission merged to form the National Health and Family Planning.In order to implement thefamily planning policy better, the family planning policy introduced and the Population andFamily Planning emerged in the eighties of last century .Experienced ups and downs of thirtyyears, Population and Family Planning has always been the target of public opinion and publicattention.The process from birth to the merger of Population and Family Planning is alsoexperienced by China's family planning policy away.But,the adjust of Population and FamilyPlanning Commission in this stage indicates changes in the direction of China's family planningpolicy implementation.China has been the most talked about, most discussion of the policy offamily planning policy.It is undeniable that it is a inevitable choice under the situation of China'ssocial, economic, and population at the time.And it is good to curb the rapid population growth,reducing the population growth rate and easing the number of overpopulation.To a certain extent,it solves the problems caused by rapid growth.However, since the implementation of the familyplanning policy, China's social and economic development, people's concept of fertility arechanging.The contradiction between social and economic development of China's ,largepopulation base and fast growth has ceased to exist, the family planning policy need to makeadjustments with the times.The minor adjustments seem to unable to keep up with the rapid paceof social development.At the same time, the negative impact of the policy brings to social andeconomic are constantly exposed,such as the sex ratio at birth disorders, aging population, aheadof the end of the “demographic dividend”, inverse eliminated of population quality, a certainamount of loss of independence and family.These problems have restricted the development ofChina.Academics have different views based on the above problems generated as to whether itshould cancel the one-child family planning policy.Some experts believe that the fact of our largepopulation base has not changed, so it should continue the existing family planning policyunchanged.Another part of the scholars consider that the implementation of the family planningpolicy has brought the issue that has become increasingly significant, it should be substantial andtimely adjustment of family planning policy, in order to avoid further deterioration of theseproblems:the first thing is now fully liberalized second child.I believe that our country's family planning policy should indeed make timely adjustments. At this stage, with the formation of theNational Health and Family Planning Commission, the family planning policy imperative bigadjustment.
In this regard, I believe that our country's family planning policy should indeed makeadjustments timely. At this stage, with the formation of the National Health and Family PlanningCommission, the family planning policy should make big adjustment imperative.This paperdescribes in detail the causes and impact of China's family planning policy in various stagesaccording to the three historical stages, combined with domestic and foreign scholars research onfamily planning policy issues, describes the social and economic effects of the current generationof the family planning policy, and trying to analyze social problems faced by the existing familyplanning policies, conditions and reasons. The article concludes with a few suggestions ofcurrent fertility policy adjustment or reform through analysis combined with China's nationalconditions.
Keywords: Family Plan Policy;effect;Separate two child policy
目 录
中文摘要
Abstract
第 1 章 导言
1.1 研究背景与意义
1.1.1 研究背景
1.1.2 研究的意义
1.2 国内外研究情况
1.2.1 国外人口理论综述
1.2.2 国内人口理论综述
1.3 研究的内容和方法
1.3.1 研究内容
1.3.2 研究方法
1.4 创新点及不足
第 2 章 计划生育政策的内涵及我国计划生育政策的历史变迁
2.1 计划生育政策的定义和内涵
2.2 我国现行计划生育政策的历史变迁
2.2.1 人口自然增长阶段（1949 年-1973 年）
2.2.2 宽松的“晚、稀、少”政策阶段（1973 年-1980 年）
2.2.3 严格的计划生育政策阶段（1980 年至今）
第 3 章 我国计划生育政策的社会效应分析
3.1 我国计划生育政策对社会发展的影响
3.1.1 我国计划生育政策对出生人口性别比的影响
3.1.2 我国计划生育政策对人口老龄化的影响
3.1.3 我国计划生育政策对家庭的影响
3.2 计划生育政策对经济发展的影响
3.2.1 促进了社会经济的发展
3.2.2 对经济的负面影响
第 4 章 我国计划生育政策面临的问题与原因
4.1 我国计划生育政策面临的问题
4.1.1 造成生育权利的不平等
4.1.2 计划生育工作造成干群关系的紧张
4.1.3 目标管理责任制不顺，基层执行合力不足
4.1.4 利益导向政策存在弊端
4.1.5 流动人口管理存在问题
4.1.6 计划生育政策创新形同虚置，执法模式陈旧古板
4.2 我国计划生育政策存在问题的原因
4.2.1 生育政策内容过于严格
4.2.2 计划生育工作服务缺位
4.2.3 财政投入难落实
第 5 章 我国计划生育政策调整分析与展望
5.1 我国计划生育政策存在问题的对策
5.1.1 严禁非法鉴定胎儿性别
5.1.2 加强流动人口的管理
5.1.3 加强计划生育信息管理和网络建设
5.1.4 加强计划生育队伍建设
5.2 单独二孩政策的调整分析
5.2.1 单独二孩政策的确定
5.2.2 单独二孩政策的影响
5.3 我国计划生育政策的展望
5.3.1 谨慎放开二胎政策
5.3.2 完善其他相应的公共政策
注 释
参考文献
致 谢
