摘 要
自从2014年ofo共享单车亮相北京,共享单车对缓解现行交通压力、解决市民出行“最后一公里”等问题起到了积极推动作用,给广大市民群众带来了极大的便利。随后,资本的进入让共享单车迅速布满城市的大街小巷,吸引了众多消费群众。但是,共享单车在为大众解决出行问题的同时,也对城市管理、交通环境等产生了极大的破坏。
为更好的治理共享单车带来的一系列社会问题,了解其现有各种问题的表现形式是最基础性的一步工作。本文对共享单车使用中失范行为展开研宄,通过对现有共享单车使用现状的展开分析,归纳出共享单车使用中失范行为的具体表现形式,概括为共享单车的无序停放、被恶意破坏、押金存在风险、企业运营维护力过弱、应用技术薄弱、配套监管政策缺失等方面,并详述了共享单车使用中的失范行为给社会各方带来的挑战。然后在失范的理论基础上,结合公地悲剧理论、多中心治理理论,研宄现有的国家地方政策法规以及治理现状,细致剖析共享单车使用中失范行为所产生的原因,从政府相关部门、共享单车企业、共享单车用户等多元化的视角上进行深层次、多元化的研宄。研究发现,法制建设不完善、基础设施配套落后、企业盈利困难等都致使共享单车使用中的失范问题愈发严重。加之共享单车用户自身的各种原因,致使社会中出现了诸多不利于共享单车健康有序发展的因素。
最后,本文以多元化的视角提出科学的建议,认为要充分发挥政府公共管理的职能,完善相关制度体系,联合企业、用户等主体开展多种治理活动,其中,最为关键的环节则是利用法律的手段进行管制,即政府要针对企业和用户的主要失范行为开展立法,并强化行业准入及管理标准。企业也要通过拓宽盈利模式、提高科技水平、加强行业自律等方式促进共享单车行业的有效发展。而用户不仅要享受单车带来的便利,也要为单车的发展做出自己的贡献。
这些建议为政府、共享单车企业以及共享单车用户应对共享单车使用中的失范行为提供理论依据和实际操作参考,为共享单车行业的绿色发展保驾护航,同时也希望能为一些城市治理共享单车使用中的失范行为提供思路。
关键词: 共享单车,失范行为,多中心治理
ABSTRACT
Since the ofo shared bicycles debuted in Beijing in 2014, sharedbicycles have played an active role in alleviating the current trafficpressures and solving the “last mile” of people’s travel and brought greatconvenience to the general public. Subsequently, the entry of capitalallowed the shared bicycles to quickly fill the streets of the city, attractingmany consumers. However, while sharing bicycles solve the problem oftravel for the general public, they also cause great damage to urbanmanagement and traffic environment.
In order to better manage the series of social problems caused byshared bicycles, understanding the existing manifestations of variousproblems is the most basic one-step work. In this paper, we study theanomie behavior in the use of shared bicycles and analyze the currentstatus of the use of shared bicycles to summarize the specificmanifestations of the anomie behaviors in the use of shared bicycles. It issummarized as the disorderly parking of shared bicycles, maliciousdestruction, and deposits. There are risks, weaknesses in the operationand maintenance of the company, weak application technology, and lackof supporting regulatory policies. It also details the challenges that socialanomalies pose to the anomie in the use of shared bicycles. Then, basedon the theory of anomie, combined with the theories of public tragedyand multi-center governance, the current state of local policies,regulations, and governance status are studied, and the reasons for theanomie in the use of shared bicycles are careMly analyzed. Cyclists andshared bicycle users have conducted in-depth and diversified researchfrom a variety of perspectives. The study found that the imperfect legalconstruction, the backwardness of supporting infrastructure, and thedifficulty of profitability of enterprises all contributed to the seriousproblem of anomie in the use of shared bicycles. Coupled with thevarious reasons shared bike users themselves, resulting in the emergenceof a number of factors that are not conducive to the healthy and orderlydevelopment of shared bicycles.
Finally, this article puts forward scientific proposals from adiversified perspective, and believes that it is necessary to give full playto the flinctions of the government’s public management,improve therelated system, and combine the enterprises, users, etc., to carry outvarious kinds of governance activities. The most critical link is the use ofthe law. The means of regulation is that the government should carry outlegislation in response to major misconduct by enterprises and users, andstrengthen industry access and management standards. Enterprises mustalso promote the effective development of the shared bicycle industry bybroadening the profit model, raising the level of science and technology,and strengthening industry self-regulation. The users must not only enjoythe convenience brought by bicycles, but also make their owncontribution to the development of bicycles.
These suggestions provide a theoretical basis and practical referencefor the government, shared bicycle companies, and users of sharedbicycles to deal with the anomie in the use of shared bicycles. Theyprovide escort for the green development of the shared bicycle industry,and they also hope to use it for the sharing of bicycles in some cities. Theanomie provides ideas.
KEY WORDS: Shared bike Anomie Multi-center governanc
目录
第一章绪论
1.1研宄背景与研宄意义
1.1.1研究背景
1.1.2研宄意义
1.2研究思路与研究内容
1.2.1研究思路
1.2.2研究内容
1.3研宄方法与创新点
1.3.1研宄方法
1.3.2研宄创新点
第二章文献综述与理论基础
2.1相关概念界定
2.1.1失范行为
2.1.2共享单车
2.1.3共享单车失范行为
2.2文献综述
2.2.1失范理论研宄综述
2.2.2共享单车研究综述
2.3相关理论基础
2.3.1多中心治理理论
2.3.2公地悲剧理论
第三章共享单车使用中失范行为的表现形式
3.1共享单车发展及使用现状分析
3.1.1共享单车发展现状分析
3.1.2共享单车使用现状分析
3.2共享单车使用失范的现状分析
3.2.1共享单车的无序停放
3.2.2共享单车被恶意破坏
3.2.3共享单车押金存在风险
3.2.4共享单车企业运营维护力过弱
3.2.5共享单车应用技术薄弱
3.2.6共享单车配套监管政策缺失
3.3共享单车使用失范带来的挑战
3.3.1给政府管理部门带来的挑战
3.3.2给企业市场竞争和运营维护带来的挑战
第四章共享单车使用失范行为产生的原因
4.1政府方面
4.1.1相关法律建设的不完善
4.1.2基础设施配套不完善
4.2企业方面
4.2.1共享单车企业盈利困难
4.2.2共享单车设备技术滞后
4.2.3运营者失范行为成本低
4.3个人方面
4.3.1失范主体蓄意的失范
4.3.2失范主体无意识的失范
4.3.3用户缺乏责任感
第五章共享单车使用失范行为多元化治理策略
5.1政府方面
5.1.1健全共享单车相关制度体系
5.1.2合理规划共享单车使用区域
5.1.3强化行业准入及管理标准
5.2企业方面
5.2.1拓宽盈利模式以提供更好的服务
5.2.2提高自身的科技水平
5.2.3加强行业自律
5.3个人方面
5.3.1加强对共享单车用户正确引导
5.3.2构建使用者失范行为信息网
5.3.3加强对使用者失范行为的约束
参考文献
