摘 要
基层兽医服务是动物防疫工作中最重要的环节，决定了动物疫病防控工作的最终成效。当前，我国县级及以下政府兽医机构和各种市场兽医服务主体组成了较为完备了基层兽医服务体系，通过提供有效的兽医服务为保障我国畜牧业健康发展和公共卫生安全作出了巨大贡献。但与此同时，基层兽医服务体系面临官方机构人才队伍、经费保障、基础设施与工作实际不相适应的条件制约，市场化兽医服务主体发展缓慢、服务质量亟待改善的现状，以及千家万户散养和畜禽全国大流通带来的动物疫病防控紧迫形势，加快推动建设完善我国兽医服务体系势在必行。
本文是作者通过对我国兽医服务历史情况、当前基层兽医服务体系发展现状和国外兽医服务先进经验进行文献研究、实地考察座谈、问卷调查、分析总结，提出符合中国国情的基层兽医服务体系建设的措施与对策。共分五个部分：
第一部分：对兽医服务的内涵与属性等理论基础进行了背景研究，分析了国内外基层兽医服务需求。
第二部分：梳理了我国改革开放三十多年来，基层兽医服务在我国社会、经济环境影响下，在兽医工作大政方针的指导引领下，取得的阶段性成果。总结出基层兽医队伍是履行兽医公益职能和技术推广的主力军，适合采取承担公共服务与个体经营服务相结合的服务模式等历史经验。
第三部分：我国基层兽医服务现状研究。首先，分析了政府提供的基层兽医公共服务和各方主体开展的兽医市场化服务现状和问题。其次，以全国较有代表性的防疫有限责任公司、个人独资或合伙企业、专业防疫合作社、非盈利机构等新型兽医服务主体与模式为例，介绍了服务主体运行概况、政府扶持与考核监管情况、收入分配模式，论述了不同组织形态和模式提高防疫员收入、稳定防疫队伍、通过政府购买服务机制促进防疫主体责任回归养殖者、强化考核使动物疫病防控效果提升、防疫员组织化程度提高从而降低政府管理成本等先进性，并剖析了推广难点。最后介绍了民营科研诊疗机构、饲料兽药公司、专业养殖合作组织与龙头企业、兽医托管公司的业务概况与服务模式。
第四部分：国外基层兽医服务经验借鉴及启示。以科学健全的法律和动物疫病防控体系、有力的财政支撑、切实经济的防控措施、规范的行业管理为切入点论述了美国兽医公共服务的经验启示，介绍了美国执业兽医市场化服务概况以及托管公司的发展背景与服务方式。并以欧盟重大动物疫病预警体系、追溯体系和澳大利亚社会兽医主体力量为例，介绍了其他发达国家兽医服务的先进经验。
第五部分：提出我国基层兽医服务体系的发展建议。在加强基层兽医公共服务体系建设方面，一是结合中国国情与兽医工作实际建立内容全面、明确具体、可操作性强的法律法规体系；二是捋顺体制、改善机制，继续加强基层乡镇兽医机构改革、恢复乡镇兽医站，强化乡镇站公益职能、推广政府购买兽医公共服务机制，强化监管，严格依法办事；三是在财政投入上，加大对新型基层兽医服务模式的重点扶持、增加投入总量、调整投入结构、引入市场机制，进一步健全财政保障机制。在促进基层兽医市场化服务体系健康发展方面，一是因地制宜引导建立承接公共兽医服务的市场化基层兽医服务主体，加大政策扶持，推动其能力提升；二是从助推基层传统兽医诊疗主体转型、鼓励创立新型兽医服务模式和实体、充分发挥协会等非盈利机构的行业管理作用三方面探讨了如何积极培育其他兽医市场化服务主体。
关键词：基层兽医服务体系；兽医公共服务；兽医市场化服务；先进性；建议
ABSTRACT
Veterinary services at the grass-roots level is the most important link in animal epidemicprevention, determines the final results of the animal disease prevention and control work. Atpresent, our country government at the county level and below veterinary veterinary servicesinstitutions and all kinds of market main body formed a comparatively complete theveterinary service system at the grassroots level by providing effective veterinary services toensure the development of animal husbandry in China and made a great contribution to publichealth security. But at the same time, facing the official veterinary service system at thegrass-roots level agency personnel, funds safeguard, infrastructure and work doesn't fit theactual conditions of restriction of marketization of veterinary services subject developedslowly, the present situation of the service quality improvement, and families cage-free andlivestock and poultry nationwide circulation of animal disease prevention and control theurgent situation, accelerate the construction of perfect our country veterinary service system isimperative.
In this paper, the author through to the veterinary services in China history, currentgrassroots veterinary service system development present situation and the advancedexperience of foreign veterinary services literature research, on-the-spot investigation,discussion, questionnaire survey, analysis, summary, put forward the basic veterinary servicesystem which accords with the situation of China construction measures and countermeasures.
Is divided into five parts:
The first part: the connotation of veterinary services and properties such as thetheoretical basis for the research background, the base at home and abroad are analyzedveterinary service requirements.
The second part: combed the 30 years of reform and opening-up in China, the basicveterinary services in our country's social and economic environment, work in veterinary major policy guidance, the guidance of the phased achievements. Sumsup the basic veterinary team is the main force of perform veterinary public functions andtechnology popularization, suit to undertake public service combined with individual businessservices the service mode of historical experience.
The third part: the basic veterinary services status quo of the research. First of all, thepaper analyzes the basic veterinary public services provided by the government and the mainbody to carry out the marketization of veterinary services present situation and problems.
Second, as a representative of the country's epidemic of a limited liability company, soleproprietorship or partnership enterprise, professional and epidemic prevention cooperatives,nonprofit organizations such as new veterinary service main body and pattern as an example,introduces the service main body running situation, government support and evaluationregulation, the income distribution pattern, this paper discusses the different modes oforganization form and raise the income, stable FangYiYuan epidemic prevention team,through the government purchasing service mechanism to promote prevention principalresponsibility regression farmers, strengthening the examination that promoted the animaldisease prevention and control effect, and improve the level of FangYiYuan organization soas to reduce the government management cost advancement, and analyzed the promotiondifficulty. Finally introduced the private scientific research institutions, feed veterinary drugcompany, specialized farming cooperative organization and leading enterprises, vets managedthe company's business profile and service mode.
The fourth part: the experience in the veterinary services abroad for reference andenlightenment. With scientific and sound legal and animal disease prevention and controlsystem, strong financial support, the prevention and control measures of real economy,standard industry management as the breakthrough point of American veterinary publicservice experience, describes the present situation of the veterinarians market-orientedservices and the development of the hosting company background and service mode. Andwith the eu's major animal disease early warning system, the traceability system andAustralian society veterinary main body strength, for example, this paper introduces theadvanced experience of other developed countries veterinary services.
The fifth part: the development of grassroots veterinary service system in China is putforward. In terms of strengthening the construction of grass-roots veterinary public servicesystem, is a combination of China's national conditions and veterinary practice to establishcomprehensive, specific and strong operability, laws and regulations system; Second,sequence system, improving mechanism, continue to strengthen veterinary institutions reform,restore towns vet at the grass-roots level, strengthen the station public welfare function, thepromotion of the government to buy veterinary public service mechanism, strengthensupervision and strict to follow the law; Three is on the financial investment, enforce thesupport to the focus of the new grass-roots veterinary services pattern, increase input amount,adjust the investment structure, introducing market mechanism, to further improve thefinancial security mechanism. In the aspect of promoting the healthy growth of themarketization of veterinary service system at the grass-roots level, one is to adjust measuresto local conditions lead to establish undertake the marketization of public veterinary services,veterinary services subject at the basic intensify policy support, promote its ability to ascend;From the boost the transformation of traditional veterinary subject at the basic, encourage thecreation of new veterinary service model and entity, give full play to their role as theassociation of non-profit institutions, such as industry management three aspects discusseshow to foster the subject of marketization of other veterinary services actively.
KEY WORDS: grass-roots veterinary service system, veterinary public service, veterinaryservice of marketization ,achievement, advice
目 录
第一章 绪 论
1.1 研究的背景和意义
1.1.1 研究背景
1.1.2 研究目的
1.1.3 研究意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.2.1 兽医服务的内涵和属性研究
1.2.2 基层兽医服务的需求研究
1.3 研究内容和研究方法
1.3.1 研究内容
1.3.2 研究方法
第二章 我国兽医服务发展历程
2.1 恢复阶段（1978-1984 年）
2.2 稳步发展阶段（1985-1996 年）
2.2.1 探索阶段（1985~1989）
2.2.2 规范阶段（1990~1997）
2.3 快速发展阶段（1997-今）
2.4 历史经验
第三章 我国基层兽医服务现状分析
3.1 基层兽医服务供给主体与模式
3.2 我国基层兽医服务供给主要问题分析
3.3 基层兽医服务模式案例分析
3.3.1 防疫有限责任公司案例--丹寨县动物防疫综合服务有限公司
3.3.2 防疫个人独资和合伙企业案例--张家港乡镇兽医（服务）站
3.3.3 防疫合作社案例--习水县动物防疫农民专业合作社
3.3.4 非营利性机构案例--永康市动物防疫服务中心
3.3.5 服务模式创新案例--巴东模式
3.3.6 民营科研诊疗机构--余姚市禽畜病防治研究所
3.3.7 饲料、兽药公司兽医服务情况
3.3.8 专业养殖合作组织和龙头企业兽医服务情况
3.3.9 兽医托管服务
3.3.10 新兴互联网平台兽医服务
第四章 国外基层兽医服务经验借鉴及启示
4.1 美国兽医服务体系概况和先进性
4.1.1 美国政府兽医公共服务启示
4.1.2 美国市场化兽医服务现状
4.2 其他发达国家兽医服务体系先进性
4.2.1 欧盟
4.2.2 澳大利亚
第五章 我国基层兽医服务体系的发展建议
5.1 进一步加强基层兽医公共服务体系建设
5.1.1 完善兽医法律体系，加快兽医法治建设推进步伐
5.1.2 捋顺体制，改善机制
5.1.3 健全财政保障机制，加大资金投入
5.1.4 加强基层防疫服务综合能力
5.2 促进基层兽医市场化服务体系健康发展
5.2.1 引导建立承接公共兽医服务的市场化基层兽医服务主体
5.2.2 积极培育其他兽医市场化服务主体
参考文献
致 谢
