摘 要
近几年以 Airbnb、Uber、滴滴专车、人人贷为代表的共享经济模式企业在全球迅速崛起，其以独特而创新的交易结构和运行机制对传统产业造成颠覆、给传统行业带来冲击，并且正影响和改变着人们的生产及生活方式。因此，对共享经济模式的研究具有现实价值和时代意义。
通过实践调查和实证分析的研究方法发现，共享经济模式是依托第三方互联网信息技术平台（下称“共享平台”），实现分散的个体之间闲置资源（物品、服务、资金等）的使用权暂时性移转，进而物尽其用、资源共享的一种 O2O 网络运营模式，它以暂时性转移闲置资源的使用权为本质，建立在以共享平台为主导核心的双边市场交易结构中，重点强调人人共享、个体化经营。共享经济模式是一种市场创新，然而在这种市场创新下，由于其自身发展的尚未完善和法律的相对滞后而在需求者信赖利益的保护、共享平台违约支付风险的监管、供需双方侵权责任的承担、提供者转租的风险控制、以及垄断与不正当竞争的规制、个人隐私与信息安全的风险监管、社会及国家安全的风险监管等方面成为现有制度下的法律难题。
面对共享经济模式这一市场创新下的法律风险和法律难题，有必要进行相关的制度创新，构建与共享经济模式相配套的制度，从而促进共享经济的健康发展。首先，要对共享经济模式参与者的法律地位进行厘定，明确闲置资源提供者、需求者及共享平台三方的法律主体地位（其中，针对闲置资源提供者的法律地位，有必要通过一定的区分标准来进行相关界定）及其相互之间的权利义务关系，这是降低共享经济模式下的法律风险和解决相关法律难题的前提和基础。其次，要对共享经济模式进行相应的法律规制：采取回应型的规制策略，秉持民主和效率的理念，引入渐进、实验和灵活的规制技术及方法，在创新与规制间寻求动态平衡；坚持政府与企业及自律组织合作监管的方式，充分发挥地方政府的作用；以共享平台为监管重点，并借此实现对闲置资源提供者的间接监管；在市场准入、税收、保险、个人信息保护、安全审查等方面建立和完善相关的基本规制机制。通过这样的制度构建，可以为有效解决共享经济模式“一管就死、一放就乱”的法律规制困境及相关法律难题提供一定的思路和实施路径。期待共享经济的发展越来越好。
关键词：
共享经济模式，法律风险，法律难题，制度构建
Abstract
In recent years, with the Airbnb, Uber, Didi, Lengding Club for representative,the shared economic model enterprises rise rapidly in the world, it impacts andsubverbts the traditional industry and also it is influencing and changing people'sproducting and living way because of its special and creative deal structure andoperational mechanism. Therefore, studying on the shared economic model haspractical value and significance.
Through practical investigation and empirical analysis methods, I find that theshared economic model is a kind of O2O network operating model which dependson a third-party Internet information and technology platform （hereinafter I call it“shared platform”） to make the right of using the distributed spare resources （goods,services, capital, etc.） be transfered temporarily between individuals. The sharedeconomic model bases on the structure of bilateral market whose core is the sharedplatform, its essence is temporarily transfering the right of using spare resources,and it emphasizes sharing between individuals, individual business. The sharedeconomic model belongs to a kind of market innovation, however, for itsself-development system is not perfect and laws are always lagging behind, so underthe existing legal system does it become the legal problems in the aspects of thereliance interest protection of the demander, default payment risk regulation of thesharing platform, tort liabilities undertaken between the supplier and demander,subletting risk control of the supplier, illicit competition and unfair competitionunder price-driven regulation, personal privacy and information security protection,social and national security protection, etc.
For said legal risks and legal problems under the market innovation of theshared economic model, it is necessary to make innovational legal systems,construct suitable legal systems to promote the healthy development of sharedeconomy. At first, we need to define the legal status of participants of the sharedeconomic model, clearly define the legal status of the trade subjects,including thesupplier, the demander and the shared platform （Among them, for the legal status ofthe spare resource supplier, we need to take the distinguish standard to define） andtheir rights and obligations of the legal relationship, that is the basis to reduce legalrisks and solve the legal problems under the shared economic model. Then we needto regulate the shared economic model: For taking responsive regulationstrategies,we need to adhere to the concept of democracy and efficiency, and takethe progressive, experiment and flexible regulation technology and methods to seekthe dynamic balance between innovation and regulation; The government and theenterprises as well as the self-discipline trade organization should cooperate togetherto regulate, especially the local government should play the important role in thisprocess; The direction should be focused on the shared platform, and through thelegal regulations to the shared platform realizes the indirect supervision andregulation to the spare resources suppliers;Alao it is necessary to set up andimprove the related basic regulatory mechanism in market access, taxation,insurance, personal information protection, safety review, etc. Through such systemconstruction, it can effectively solves the legal regulation problems and related legalproblems of the shared economic model, and provide certain ideas andimplementation measures. Hope the shared economy will develop better and better.
Key words:
shared economic model, legal risks, legal problems, legal system construction
目 录
引 言
一、共享经济模式的法律释义
（一）共享经济模式的概念阐释
（二）共享经济模式的基本特征
（三）共享经济模式的法律结构关系分析
二、共享经济模式下的法律难题
（一）需求者信赖利益的保护
（二）供需双方侵权责任的承担
（三）提供者转租的风险控制
（四）共享平台违约支付风险的监管
（五）垄断与不正当竞争的规制
（六）个人隐私与信息安全的风险监管
（七）社会及国家安全的风险监管
三、共享经济模式下的制度构建
（一）参与者的法律定位及其制度安排
（二）共享经济模式的法律规制及其制度设计
结 语
参考文献
后 记
