我国中小企业融资难困境研究

　　摘要

　　改革开放以来,我国中小企业得到了迅猛的发展,对我国国民经济的贡献率不断提高,中小企业在促进经济增长、创造就业机会、增加农民收入、转移农村富余劳动力等方面发挥越来越重要的作用.但是,我国中小企业的发展由于受融资难问题的制约,一直面临着很大的困难.

　　目前我国中小企业融资难主要表现在以下几个方面:一是为中小企业服务的资本市场不完善,长期权益性资本欠缺;二是抵押难,中小企业可抵押物较少;三是担保难,中小企业难以找到合适的担保人;四是基层银行授权有限,办事程序复杂繁琐;五是融资成本高,中小企业的融资成本普遍比国家法定同期贷款利率高出3-6个百分点.

　　探究中小企业融资难的原因,固然有中小企业自身的原因,也有金融体系、国家政策方面的原因.企业方面的原因包括:一是行业竞争激烈,产品技术含量低,企业生产经营存在较大的不确定性;二是中小企业财务制度不健全,信息透明度差;三是中小企业缺乏可用于担保抵押的资产;四是中小企业的破产率相对较高,使得银行贷款面临的风险较大.导致中小企业融资难的金融体系和国家政策方面的原因包括以下几个方面:一是为中小企业提供专门融资服务的机构不健全;二是中小企业信用担保体系不健全;三是抵押担保体制尚需完善;四是资本市场的缺陷.

　　解决中小企业融资难问题是一个系统工程,必须多管齐下才能收到较好效果.从中小企业自身来讲,一是要提高经营者总体素质,不断提升经营管理水平;二是要规范财务管理,增加财务报表的透明度和真实性;三是要增强企业信用意识,构建良好的信用环境;四是要转变融资观念,规范融资管理.

　　在为缓解中小企业融资难方面,我国金融体系和国家政策可以从以下几个方面进行完善.一是进一"步完善金融体系建设,促进中小企业健康发展;二是改善中小企业融资的宏观环境,进一步发挥政府对中小企业的政策支持作用,建立完善的支持中小企业融资的法律法规体系;三是积极拓宽中小企业融资渠道,建立多层次的、针对中小企业服务的资本市场体系;四是积极推动中小企业信贷机制、信贷产品和融资模式创新;五是积极推动中小企业信用担保体系建设.

　　关键词:中小企业;融资难问题;原因分析;解决对策硕士学位论文.

　　Abstract:Since the reform and opening-up of China' s economy, the SMEs have beendeveloped rapidly and contributed significantly to China' s national economic growth.SMEs are playing more and more important role in promoting economic growth,creatingjob opportunities, increasing farmers' income,transferring surplus labor in rural area,etc. However, SME development in China also faces great challenges because offinancing difficulties.

　　The financing difficulties China' s SMEs facing at this stage are shown in thefollowing aspects. First,the capital market for SMEs is imperfect and lack of long-termequity capital; Second, mortgage is difficult 犯id SMEs can pledge less material. Third,the guarantee is difficult. It is difficult for SMEs to find a suitable guarantor; Forth,thegrass bank authorization is limited and the administrative procedure is complex andcumbersome. Fifth,the financing cost is high. The financing cost of SMEs is generally3-6 percent higher than the lending rates of the national statutory points over the sameperiod.

　　To explore the reasons for SMEs financing difficulties, of course,there have theirown reasons for SMEs, but also the financial system, national policy reasons. The reasonbusiness areas include: First,industry is highly competitive, technological content ofproducts is low,production and operation of enterprises is a big uncertainty; Second, theSMEs financial system is not perfect and information transparency is poor; Third, SMEslack collateral for guarantees assets; Fourth,SME bankruptcy rates are relatively high sothat the loan risk faced by bank is high. The causes of SME financing difficulties in thefinancial system and national policies aspects are as follows: First, the institutionsprovide specialized services for the SME financing are imperfect. Second, SME creditguarantee system is not perfect; Third,collateral system still need to be improved. Fourth,the capital market is weak.

　　To solve the problem of financing difficulties of SMEs is a systematic projectwhich multi-pronged approach needs to be taken in order to receive better results. ForSMEs, it is necessary to improve the overall quality of the operators and improve themanagement level. Second,it is necessary to regulate financial management and increasetransparency and authenticity of the financial statements. Third,it demands to enhancecredit awareness, build good credit environment. Fourth,is to change the financingconcepts and regulate finance management.

　　To ease the financing difficulties of SMEs in terms of China's financial system and硕士学位论文MASTER'S THESISnational policies could be improved from the following aspects. First,fiirther improve thefinancial system construction and promote healthy development of SME. Second,improve SME financing macro environment to further develop the role of governmentpolicy support for SMEs,SME financing to support the establishment of a sound legalsystem. Third, actively broaden the financing channels for SMEs and establish amulti-level capital market system serves for SMEs. Fourth, actively promote SME creditmechanisms,credit products and financing model innovation. Five, actively promote thecredit guarantee system construction for SMEs.

　　Key words: small and medium enterprises; financing difficulties; reason analysis;solving policies.

 

　　目录

　　摘要

　　Abstract

　　1.导论

　　1.1研究背景

　　1.2研究意义

　　1.3论文结构

　　1.4研究方法及创新之处

　　2.文献综述

　　2.1国外研究现状

　　2.1.1现代信贷配给理论

　　2.1.2关系型融资偏好理论

　　2.2国内研究现状

　　2.3研究述评

　　3.我国中小企业融资现状分析

　　3.1中小企业的定义

　　3.2我国中小企业经营现状

　　3.3我国中小企业融资现状

　　3.3.1中小企业的融资环境改善

　　3.3.2中小企业融资成本上升

　　3.4我国中小企业融资难的表现

　　3.4.1获得贷款少

　　3.4.2融资成本高

　　3.4.3融资结构单一

　　4.中小企业融资难的原因分析

　　4.1中小企业整体素质不高

　　4.2金融体系因素

　　4.3宏观政策因素

　　4.3.1融资环境缺乏公平竞争以及相关法律法规保障尚待完善

　　4.3.2政府对政策性金融机构支持不足

　　5.解决中小企业融资困境的对策

　　5.1全面提高中小企业总体素质

　　5.2完善金融体系

　　5.3改善中小企业融资的宏观环境

　　5.3.1发挥政府对中小企业的政策支持作用

　　5.3.2建立完善的支持中小企业融资的法律法规体系

　　5.4积极拓宽融资渠道

　　5.5金融机构解决中小企业融资难

　　5.5.1加快中小企业信贷机制创新和信贷产品创新

　　5.5.2完善风险与收益平衡的利率定价机制

　　5.5.3积极拓展中小企业融资服务

　　5.6政、银、企共同实践和探索

　　5.6.1积极推动融资模式创新,破解中小企业融资难题

　　5.6.2积极推动中小企业信用担保体系建设

　　5.6.3多措并举推动金融创新、灵活高效满足企业需求

　　参考文献

　　致谢