公众人物隐私权保护例外制度探究

　　摘要

　　随着社会的发展和新闻业的进步，公众人物隐私权侵权纠纷逐渐增多，引发了社会各界的广泛关注。公众人物这一被人们所追逐崇拜的群体，是否平等享有法律对其他群体隐私权的保护这一问题，也成为我国法学界与民众关注的焦点。有人认为，公众人物在享有特殊利益的同时就丧失了要求进行隐私权保护的权利，这是他们成为公众人物所必须承担的代价。也有人认为，公众人物是合格民事主体，应当与普通民众享有同等程度的隐私权法律保护。笔者认为，不能忽略保护公众人物的隐私权，但在涉及公共利益的情况下应给予必要的限制，以保障公众知情权与舆论监督，从而最终达到有利于公共利益之目的。文章主要从隐私权的基本理论入手，围绕中心论点，分别对不同类型公众人物的隐私权保护范围进行分析，对公众人物隐私权同其他权利的冲突与协调进行剖析，进而提出笔者的建议。

　　全文分为三个部分。第一部分是公众人物隐私权法律保护例外的现状。主要从隐私权的界定、内涵和基本特征幵始入手，在分析公众人物的内涵、分类和认定标准的基础上，研究公众人物隐私权法律保护例外的必要性、原则和我国立法与司法的现状。第二部分为政治公众人物隐私权法律保护的例外。此章是对政治公众人物隐私权问题进行专项论述。在了解政治公众人物基本内涵的基础上，对政治公众人物的隐私权与其他权利发生冲突时的状况和平衡手段进行细致的分析，在了解与借鉴外国相关立法和司法实践的同时，提出完善我国政治公众人物隐私权法律保护例外制度的三项措施。第三部分为公众人物隐私权法律保护的例外。通过与政治公众人物的对比，来分析社会公众人物隐私权保护的特点、范围、原则等内容，对社会公众人物的隐私权与其他公民权利之间的冲突与平衡进行重点研究，并在此基础上指出社会公众人物隐私权法律保护例外的特殊性，进而提出针对我国社会公众人物隐私权法律保护例外的制度构建的建议。

　　关键字：公众人物；隐私权；法律保护的例外；冲突与平衡

　　ABSTRACT

　　With the advancement of the news industry and the socialdevelopment, the public figures privacy tort disputes have attractextensive attention of all sectors of society. Whether the public figure- thegroup that is chased after and worshiped can enjoy the protection of lawsfor their privacy as the other group members have had equally has been abig concern for the jurisprudential circle and the public. Some peopleargue that, when the public figures are enjoying the special interests, theyare losing the rights for privacy requirements which are the cost for theirbeing the public figure. Others consider the public figure as qualified civilsubject and they should enjoy protection with the same degree of privacylaws. In this paper, the writer holds that in no circumstances the publicfigures' privacy rights should be ignored. However, there should becertain restriction for that when it is related to the public interests toprotect the public's rights to know and the supervision by public opinion.

　　The aim is to ultimately gain the public interests. The writer will startwith the introduction of the basic theory of privacy rights. Concentratingon the central argument, the analysis of the different types of scopes forthe public figures' privacy protection will be conducted with the deepinvestigation of the conflict and coordination mechanism of publicfigures' privacy rights and the other rights of them. The recommendationthen will be given with the above analysis.

　　This paper will be divided into three parts with the followingcontents.The first chapter is about the situation of the exception of publicfigures' privacy protection. With the given of the definition, contents, thebasic characteristics of privacy rights, the paper will base on the analysisof the connotation of the public figures, classification of them andcertification standards, and research on the necessity of the exception ofpublic figures' privacy protection with laws, the principles and thesituation of legislation and judicature in our country. The second chapterwill illustrate the exceptions of the protection for the political figures'privacy. This is the special explanation of the political figures' privacyprotection. With the recognition of the basic connotation of politicalpublic figures, the paper has had a deep analysis of situation and thebalance means when there is a conflict between the political publicfigures' privacy rights and the other rights. While drawing lessons fromthe relative legislation and the judicature practices in the abroad, thepaper proposes the third means for the improvement of the politicalpublic figures' privacy protection law's exceptions. The third chapter isthe exceptions of the public figures' privacy rights protection in laws. Bycomparing the political public figures with the social public figure, thecharacteristics, scopes, principles of the latter in privacy protection willbe listed. Apart from that, the conflicts and the balances of the socialpublic figures' privacy rights with the rights of the other citizens will beput on great emphasis. The special characteristic of the social publicfigures' privacy rights protection exception will be pointed out and thenthe recommendations of the construction of the social public figures'privacy rights protection exceptions in law will be given in the last part.

　　Keywords: public figures; privacy; legal protection exception;conflicts and balances
 

　　目录

　　摘要

　　ABSTRACT

　　引言

　　一、研究选题背景和意义

　　二、国内外研究动态

　　三、研究的方法与创新

　　第一章公众人物隐私权法律保护例外的现状

　　第一节公众人物隐私权法律保护例外的内涵

　　一、隐私权的界定

　　二、公众人物的分类

　　三、公众人物隐私权的特点

　　四、公众人物隐私权法律保护例外的必要性

　　五、公众人物隐私权法律保护例外的基本原则

　　第二节公众人物隐私权法律保护例外的现实困境

　　一、我国公众人物隐私权保护例外的立法现状

　　二、我国公众人物隐私权法律保护例外的司法实践

　　第二章政治公众人物隐私权法律保护的例外

　　第一节政治公众人物隐私权法律保护例外定义辨析

　　一、政治公众人物的内涵

　　二、政治公众人物隐私权同公共利益的冲突与平衡

　　三、国外政治公众人物隐私权立法及对我国的启示

　　第二节政治公众人物隐私权法律保护例外的范围

　　一、个人信息有限公幵

　　二、财产申报公幵

　　三、社会关系公幵

　　四、个人不良私生活的公开

　　第三节我国政治公众人物隐私权法律保护例外的制度构建

　　一、加快推进官员财产公示制度

　　二、增加有关政治公众人物个人信息保护和限度的规定

　　三、授予新闻机构对政治公众人物的披露权

　　第三章社会公众人物隐私权法律保护的例外

　　第一节社会公众人物隐私权法律保护例外定义辨析

　　一、社会公众人物的内涵

　　二、社会公众人物隐私权同言论自由的冲突与平衡

　　第二节社会公众人物隐私权法律保护例外的特殊性

　　一、社会公众人物隐私权受限范围仅限于其本人

　　二、社会公众人物无须公开其财产状况

　　第三节我国社会公众人物隐私权法律保护例外的制度构建

　　一、明确侵犯社会公众人物隐私权的界限

　　二、对社会公众人物隐私权法律保护例外进行分类管理

　　三、完善社会公众人物隐私权的侵权法律责任

　　结语

　　参考文献

　　后记