小学生体育行为的影响因素探究

　　目录

　　中文摘要

　　Abstract

　　1 前言

　　1.1 选题背景

　　1.2 研究目的及意义

　　1.2.1 选题的目的

　　1.2.2 选题的意义

　　1.3 文献综述

　　1.3.1 开展小学生体育重要性的研究

　　1.3.2 开展小学生体育必要性的研究

　　1.3.3 小学生体育活动研究

　　1.3.4 影响小学生体育发展因素

　　1.3.5 相关概念的界定

　　2 研究对象和研究方法

　　2.1 研究对象

　　2.2 研究方法

　　2.2.1 文献资料法

　　2.2.2 调查法

　　2.2.3 观察法

　　2.2.4 数理统计法

　　2.2.5 逻辑分析法

　　3 结果与分析

　　3.1 小学生的体育认知、兴趣和动机研究

　　3.1.1 小学生的体育认知

　　3.1.2 小学生的体育兴趣

　　3.1.3 小学生的体育动机

　　3.2 小学生体育态度与体育行为

　　3.2.1 小学生体育态度对体育行为的影响

　　3.2.2 小学生不同性别体育态度和体育行为的差异

　　3.3 小学生体育行为特征

　　3.3.1 小学生在校体育行为特征

　　3.3.2 小学生校外体育行为特征

　　3.3.3 小学生体育锻炼后的感受

　　3.4 小学生家庭体育消费行为研究

　　3.5 影响小学生体育行为原因的分析

　　3.5.1 小学生体育榜样的力量

　　3.5.2 小学生体育需求

　　3.5.3 学校体育的开展

　　3.5.4 家庭体育的开展

　　3.5.5 社区体育的开展

　　3.6 促进小学生体育行为形成和稳固的措施

　　3.6.1 加强对小学生体育教育的宣传

　　3.6.2 创新小学生体育活动的内容和形式

　　4 结论与建议

　　4.1 结论

　　4.2 建议

　　5 参考文献

　　6 致谢
 

　　中文摘要

　　随着经济的快速发展，于此同时中国环境的变化，健康问题正在逐步威胁着人们的生命健康。小学生作为祖国的未来，强壮的体魄，健康的身体是保证我国未来更加持续高效发展的根基和保障。体育参与为小学生的成长打下良好的基础，也是增强体质，预防各种疾病有效手段之一，对于小学生思想品德和审美品质的形成，对智力开发的作用是不可替代的，增强小学生体质是刻不容缓的。小学的阶段是小学生心理和生理的萌芽阶段，同样是身体素质发展的关键时期，身心的健康对于小学生的成长至关重要，小学阶段是一个人接受正规体育教育的阶段，学校开始为小学生带来系统的体育知识和技能，加深体育意识，学习体育技能，规范体育行为，为将来衔接社会体育的做好准备，也是形成终身体育的关键时期。

　　本研究从体育学，社会学，行为心理学角度出发，采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法、数理统计法等方法，对天津市河北区两所学校的小学生、家长进行了调查研究，分析总结了影响小学生体育行为的因素，并在此基础上提出了相应的对策与建议。得出如下结论：

　　1.小学生体育行为是指小学生参加体育行为是在小学生主观意识的支配下完成的。小学生通过对体育认识的了解，会产生体育活动的兴趣，激发小学生的体育动机，在主观意识的支配下能够积极主动的投身到体育活动中。

　　2.明确小学生的体育态度，使小学生的体育认识得到正确引导，开拓小学生的体育意识，是体育行为产生的基础和前提。对于体育态度来说小学男生和女生基本相同，他们对体育活动有同样的热情和积极性，但是对于小学生体育行为男生和女生的表现会略有不同，男生更加喜欢刺激和对抗性的体育活动，而女生则更加喜欢选择对抗性和体育强度较小的合作或者独自的体育项目。

　　3.小学生在校体育特征多以体育课和大课间活动为主要形式，除了固定的广播体操，校内体育活动形式多以跑步、跳高、跳远、跳绳和球类运动为主要形式。而小学生校外体育活动就显得更加丰富多彩，散步跑步、羽毛球、游泳等深受小学生的青睐，而体育活动的校外形式受到的局限性很小，对小学生体育活动的需求得到更好的满足。

　　4.学校和家庭体育的开展是对小学生体育行为影响最大的两个方面。小学喜欢参与的体育运动项目在学校体育中基本可以得到参与，学校体育设施和使用情况也基本可以满足小学生的运动需求。对于小学生体育活动家长是大力支持并且认识到体育活动对孩子成长的重要性，家庭体育得到快速发展。社区体育的丰富和完善。三者为小学生养成良好的体育行为习惯提供基础。

　　5.榜样的力量为小学生体育参与带来极大的外部推动力，优秀运动员的艰苦拼搏、遵守规则的精神更是值得小学生借鉴和学习。大多数家庭每年体育消费在 800 元以上，但是体育消费形式过于单一，主要是实物性体育消费，而体育方面的非实物消费比较少。

　　6.小学生体育行为的形成和稳固需要多方面的影响，加强对小学生体育教育的宣传，积极倡导和大力引导小学生的体育认知。创新小学生体育活动内容和形式，鼓励小学生了解和热爱中华传统体育项目，激发小学生体育热情，巩固小学生体育观念，促进体育行为，能够把终身体育的意识强化到小学生的思想中。

　　关键词：小学生 体育行为 学校体育 课外体育

　　Abstract

　　With the rapid economic development and environmental changes in China,health problems are gradually becoming threat to people's lives and health. Schoolchildren, as the future of our motherland, a strong and healthy body is the guaranteeof our nation's sustainable and efficient development. School children's participatingin sports activities can not only lay a good foundation for their growth, but also amanner to strengthen their body and prevent disease. It is irreplaceable to the formingof their morals and intelligence, so it is urgent to enhance pupil' physique. Primaryschool period is children's psychological and physiological embryonic stage, as wellas a critical period of physical fitness development, physical and mental health isessential for pupil's growth. Primary school is a stage of the beginning of acceptingformal physical education for the pupils; schools begin to teach systematic sportsknowledge and skills. Enhancing sports consciousness, learning sports skills,standardizing physical behavior and make preparation for the studying of social sports,it is also a key stage of forming lifetime sports.

　　This paper studied from the physical education, sociology and behavioralpsychology perspective. It adopts literature, questionnaires, interviews, and othermethods of mathematical statistics. The research objects were the pupils, parents andteachers of 2 schools of Tianjin and Hebei District. It analyzed and summarized thefactors that influencing pupils' sports behavior and put forward the correspondingcountermeasures and suggestions. Following are conclusions:

　　First, pupil Physical Behavior refers to students' participating in physicalbehavior is completed under the domination of their subjective sense. Pupils havealready had their own ideas, they can define their preferences. Through theunderstanding of sports knowledge, they will generate interest in sports activities andthis will inspire their sports motivation and make them plunge into sports activitiesactively under the domination of their subjective sense.

　　Second, making clearing of pupils' attitude to sports, making them get properguidance, developing their sports consciousness are the basis and prerequisite of sportbehavior. For sports attitude, no difference among primary school boys and girls, theyhave same passion for physical activity, but the sports behavior between boys andgirls in primary school sports performance are slightly different, boys like excitingand confrontational sports better, while girls prefer the single or cooperative sportswith less confrontational and physical strength.

　　Third, elementary school physical education features mostly sports class andlong time between class activities. In addition to a fixed broadcast gymnastics, schoolsports activities are mainly in the form of running, high jump, long jump, ropeskipping and ball games. While the out of school physical activities are more colorful,walking, jogging, badminton, swimming, etc. are popular among pupils. For the formof the out of school physical activities are almost have no limits, the demand forprimary school sports activities are better met.

　　Fourth, Family sports, not only can make families get exercised and theirphysical fitness improved, but also make family members spending more time incommunicating with each other, exchanging, thus to promote family harmony andsocial stability and development through discussing common interest and topic.

　　Family Sport is a small part of community sports, popularizing and publicizing familysports, enhancing the parents' sport concept, infecting and affecting children's sportsconcept and put it into practice. .

　　Fifth, not only the power of example brings great external impetus for students'participating in sports but also the excellent athletes' spirit of fighting and struggling,rule following is more worth to learn. Most families spend more than 800 yuan insports annually, but sports consumption patterns is over monotonous, mostly arematerial consumption, while the non-material consumption are less.

　　Sixth, many measure may helpful to the forming and firming of pupil's sportbehavior. Strengthening the publicity of the pupil's physical education, advocatingand guiding pupils' sports cognition, making innovation in the content and form ofPrimary Sports, encouraging pupils to understand and love traditional Chinese sports,inspiring pupil's enthusiasm for sports, firming pupil's sports concept, promotingphysical behavior, and strengthening their lifelong sports awareness.

　　Keywords:pupil Sports behavior School sports Extracurricular sports