中文摘要
恩施州来凤县的龙舞地龙灯作为当地民众祈福求吉、扫瘟祛邪的民间传统舞蹈，具有较强的表演性与仪式性，是当地民众生命体验与精神世界的呈现，表现了当地民众的社会生活与文化心理。地龙灯是融语言、舞蹈、绘画、表演等多种艺术于一体的文艺民俗形式与文化行为，对其进行文学人类学的综合性考察和整体性分析，可以发现这一重要的非物质文化遗产的功能性意义，主要为祈福禳灾的文化整合功能，对其文化持有者而言，是来凤当地民众能够获得乡族认同的重要沟通媒介。从文化整合功能的视角可以看出，地龙灯仪式的发起与准备、开展与高潮、收尾与完结等程序中的诸多细节都具有祈福禳灾的功能，地龙灯传说与表演中的龙、凤、虎、龟、鱼、虾、蚌等祥禽瑞兽也包含着祈福禳灾的意蕴。多次以访谈与问卷形式为主的田野考察显示，在地龙灯的组织者、表演者、观众等参与者的心理认知中，地龙灯的功能已逐渐发生了转变，但地龙灯具有祈福禳灾功能的历史文化价值却是不可否认的。地龙灯具有重要的文化意义与社会价值，但是其现存状况的困境与出路仍是目前未解决的难题，社会各界应对地龙灯这一宝贵的民间艺术加强认知与关注，重视地龙灯的抢救、保护、传承、创新和研究等方面工作。
关键字：来凤地龙灯；仪式功能；祈福；禳灾；文化整合
Abstract
Laifeng Ground-Long Lantern is a folk dance for local blessing with an intensiveceremony and a distinct pray function. As a bright mind of local, it manifests andreproduces the social reality and cultural spirit.In another words,this art is also angreat achievement of Laifeng people's wisdom and culture, which reflects the sociallife and local psychological activities and is a literary folk culture and culturalbehavior integrating with dialects, local dance, painting skill and performingart.Ground-Long Lantern is an important intangible cultural heritage and this paperindicates its cultural integration for praying and disaster elimination by syntheticallyconsidering and analyzing. From the perspective of the holder of local culture, theGround-Long Lantern is a crucial media tool which can help local residents keep intouch with each other and then reach a culture consensus. This paper is organized asfive sections. Introduction presents the derivation and current situation ofGround-Long Lantern, analyzes the theoretical and practical significance, andelaborates the related work over the world and research perspective for culturalintegration of literary anthropology. Section 1 analyzesthe expression of praying anddisaster eliminating in the Ground-Long Lantern ceremony process, which includesinitiation and preparation, development and climax, and ending. Section 2 interpretsthese roles in the amazing local legends and performance ceremonies of Ground-LongLantern, and the connotation of praying and disaster eliminating of theauspicious birds and beasts, such as Longs, phoenixes, tigers, fishes, turtles, clamsand shrimps. In Section 3, we present the field survey of Ground-Long Lantern,analyze from different views, including the organizers and actors, interprets itscognitive function for stake holdersof the ceremony, and then present the historicaland cultural phenomena of its function. Epilogue introduces the cultural significanceand social value of Ground-Long Lantern, emphasizesits dilemma and trend, aimingat improving social focus to collect, protect, create, inherit and research onGround-Long Lantern.
Keywords: Ground-Long Lantern; Ceremonial function; Praying; Disasterelimination; Culture integration
目 录
中文摘要
Abstract
绪 论
第一章 地龙灯仪式程序包含的祈禳功能
第一节 仪式的发起与准备
第二节 仪式的开端与高潮
第三节 仪式的收尾与完结
第二章 地龙灯民间传说及瑞兽的祈禳意蕴
第一节 地龙灯民间传说
第二节 龙、凤、虎等主要瑞兽的祈禳意蕴
一、龙的祈禳意蕴
二、凤的祈禳意蕴
三、虎的祈禳意蕴
第三节 伴生瑞兽的祈禳意蕴
第三章 地龙灯祈禳功能的心理认知
第一节 组织者心理认知中的功能定位
一、祈福求吉、驱赶瘟神
二、欢天喜地、长乐永康
第二节 表演者心理认知中的功能定位
一、扫瘟驱邪、告事求福
二、纳祥避灾、祭祀先祖
第三节 观众心理认知中的功能转变
一、扫瘟驱邪、告事求福
二、祭祀先祖、弘扬文化
三、活跃氛围、观赏娱乐
结 语
参考文献
致 谢
