我国海事行政裁量权的规制研究 中英文摘要

　　摘要

　　近年来随着行政权的进一步扩展，行政裁量权也越来越受到大家的关注和重视。海事行政裁量权是海事行政权的组成部分，随着海事业务的不断发展，自由裁量权的应用范围也越来越广泛。行政裁量权，包括海事行政裁量权具有弥补法制不足和提高行政效率的天然优势，是现代法制社会所不可或缺的。行政裁量权是当代法治国家实施政府职能所必需的权力，是现代法治的必然要求。但是由于受到相关利益的驱使、国家机关工作人员素质不高以及行政相对人自身等多方面因素的影响，行政裁量权存在着违背立法精神，从而行使不当甚至可能被滥用，现代法治要求我们必须把行政裁量权行使范围控制在一定的制度框架内。学界提出的立法控制、行政控制、司法控制和社会控制等制约行政裁量权的理论，对深化研究和遏制行政裁量权的滥用有积极的理论价值和实践意义。

　　本文研究的主要内容：文章第一章绪论，主要介绍此问题研究的目的和意义、国内外研究现状、本文的研究内容和研究方法以及本文的创新点以及不足；文章第二章介绍了相关的概念以及其理论基础；第三章分析海事行政裁量权的行使现状及其规制；第四章从英美德等国论述了国外规制行政裁量权行使的若干做法及其经验借鉴；第五章谈了规制我国行政裁量权行使的若干对策；最后对行政裁量权的行使进行小结。

　　关键词：行政裁量权；海事；法治；规制

　　ABSTRACT

　　In recent years, with the further expansion of executive power, the administrativediscretional power has received more and more attention. Administrative discretionalpower，as the core component of executive power and with the expanding field of itspractice, has played a role in a lager and larger scope. It is of natural advantage to makeup the legal system deficiencies and is indispensible in the modern legal society. It is anecessity for the modern rule of law and the strength for the government to realize itsfunction. However, due to the motivation of relevant interests, the low personal qualitiesof the public servants and the quality limitations of the administrative counterpart staff，the phenomena that run counter to the spirit of the legislation emerges. The modern ruleof law requires that administrative discretional power must be exercised within thescoping control of legislation. As for the theory of administrative discretional powercontrol, the scholars assert that the study on legislative control，judicial control andsocial control is important, and its deepening research and keeping the use ofadministrative discretional power within limits are of the theoretical and practical value.

　　The main contents of this thesis: the first chapter is the abstract, consisting of thepurpose and significance of this research, the current study of this area from abroad andat home, the research contents and research methods, the points of innovation. Thesecond chapter introduces the relative concepts and basic theories. The third chapterintroduces the status quo of execution on the administrative discretion^ power, theproblem existing in the execution and its relative causes.

　　The fourth chapter introduces the execution and regulation of the administrativediscretional power in the USA, England and Germany, puts the good doings intopractice in China and brings us some countermeasures. The last is a summary of theexecution of the administrative discretional power.

　　Key Words s Administrative discretional power; Maritime; The rule of law;Improvement Counterm easures
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