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¡¡¡¡ËäȻ΢Éú̬ÖƼÁ¿ÉÒÔÓÐЧ¸ÄÉƳ¦µÀ¾úȺ, µ«ÊÇÈç¹ûÖ»ÓÃ΢Éú̬ÖƼÁ, ×ÜÌåÁÆЧ±Ï¾¹ÓÐÏÞ, Ϊ´ËÑо¿Õß̽Ë÷Á˸ü¶àµ÷½ÚÀÏÈ˳¦µÀ¾úȺµÄ·½·¨.Óëµ¥ÓÃÅà·Æ¿µÕâÖÖ΢Éú̬ÖƼÁÏà±È, ½«Åà·Æ¿µÓë²¹ÖÐÒæÆøÍè¶ÔÀÏÈËÁªºÏʹÓöÔÓÚÀÏÄêÈ˳¦µÀ¾úȺʧµ÷Ïà¹ØÐÔ¸¹ÐºµÄÁÆЧ¸üºÃ, ¸üÓÐÀûÓÚÓÐÒæ¾ú¶¨Ö²Éú³¤, Öؽ¨³¦µÀ΢Éú̬ƽºâ[29];½«Åà·Æ¿µÓëÞ½ÏãÕýÆøÈí½ºÄÒ¶ÔÀÏÈËÁªºÏʹÓÃÖÎÁÆÀÏÄ곦µÀ¾úȺʧµ÷ÐÔ¸¹ÐºÄÜÔÚ¸ü¶ÌµÄʱ¼ä²úÉúͬÑùµÄÖÎÁÆЧ¹û[30].ÓëË«Æç¸Ë¾úËÄÁª»î¾úƬÏà±È, ½¡Æ¢Ò泦ÌÀÖÎÁÆÀÏÄêÈ˳¦µÀ¾úȺʧµ÷Ч¹û¸üºÃ¡¢¸ü¼Ó°²È«ÎÞ¸±×÷ÓÃ[31].²ÎÜß°×ÊõÊÇÎÒ¹úºÜ¾µäµÄһζÖÐÒ©, ²»½öÄÜÓÐЧԤ·ÀÀÏÄêÈËÒòʹÓÿ¹ÉúËص¼Öµij¦µÀ¾úȺʧµ÷[32], »¹¿ÉÒÔÓÐЧÖÎÁÆÀÏÄêÈËÒòʹÓÿ¹ÉúËص¼Öµĸ¹Ðº[33].½«²ÎÜß°×ÊõÉ¢Óë»î¾úÁªºÏʹÓÿÉÃ÷ÏÔ¸ÄÉÆ»¼Õ߸ι¦ÄÜ¡¢¸ÎÓ²»¯, ¾ÀÕý³¦µÀ¾úȺʧµ÷[34].
¡¡¡¡3.2 ¶à·ÓÀàÎïÖʶÔÀÏÄêÈ˳¦µÀ¾úȺµÄÓ°Ïì
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¡¡¡¡3.3 ÉÅʳÏËά¶ÔÀÏÄêÈ˳¦µÀ½¡¿µµÄÓ°Ïì
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¡¡¡¡3.3.1 ÉÅʳÏËά¶ÔÒæÉú¾úµÄÓ°Ïì
¡¡¡¡ÔÚÀÏÄêÈ˵ij¦µÀ¾úȺÖÐ, ÉÅʳÏËά¿ÉÒÔ±»Î¢ÉúÎïÀûÓÃ, ÓÐÀûÓÚ³¦µÀ¾úȺƽºâ.´ÖÁ¸Öи»º¬ÉÅʳÏËά, »ÆСÃס¢ÑàÂóÖеÄË®ÈÜÐÔÉÅʳÏËάÄܹ»±»ÈËÀà·à±ãÖеÄ΢ÉúÎï´úл, ²úÉú¼×Ëá¡¢ÒÒËá¡¢±ûËá¡¢¶¡Ëá;ÔÚ·¢½ÍϵͳÖмÓÈëË®ÈÜÐÔÉÅʳÏËά, Ëæ×Å·¢½Íʱ¼äµÄÑÓ³¤, ¶ÌÁ´Ö¬·¾ËẬÁ¿Ôö¼Ó.˵Ã÷ÉÅʳÏËάÓë¶ÌÁ´Ö¬·¾ËáÒ²ÓÐÒ»¶¨ÁªÏµ, µ±Ôö¼ÓÉÅʳÏËάµÄŨ¶È, ¶ÌÁ´Ö¬·¾ËáÒ²»áÔö¼Ó[37].ÒæÉú¾úÊýÁ¿Ò²»áÔö¼Ó.ÉÅʳÏËάµÄÉãÈë¿ÉÒԸıäÔÚС³¦ÄÚ²ú¶ÌÁ´Ö¬·¾Ëá΢ÉúÎïµÄ¹¹³ÉºÍ¶ÌÁ´Ö¬·¾ËáµÄ²úÁ¿[38].°ÙËêÀÏÈËÉãÈëµÄÉÅʳÏËά±ÈÀý¶¼±È½Ï¸ß, ËûÃǵij¦µÀ¾úȺÖÐÓÐÒæ¾úµÄ±ÈÀýÒ²½Ï¸ß, ÆäÖÐË«Æç¸Ë¾úºÍÈéËá¾ú¶¼¸ü¼Ó·á¸»[39].
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¡¡¡¡ÀÏÄêÈ˳¦µÀ¾úȺ¡¢ÈËÌ彡¿µ¼°¹¦ÄÜÐÔʳƷµÄÏà¹ØÐÔÑо¿·½ÐËδ°¬, Ä¿Ç°Óë¸÷ÖÖ¼²²¡µÄÏà¹ØÐÔÑо¿Éд¦ÓÚ³õ¼¶½×¶Î, Ðí¶à¹Ø¼üµÄ¿Æѧ¼¼ÊõºÍÎÊÌâÉÐÐèÒªÉîÈë̽Ë÷, ÓÈÆäÔÚ·Ö×Ó»úÖƵȷ½ÃæÈÔ´æÔÚÐí¶àδ֪֮´¦.ÀûÓù¦ÄÜÐÔʳƷÀ´µ÷¿Ø³¦µÀ¾úȺ×÷Ϊ·ÀÖÎÀÏÄêÈ˼²²¡µÄÖ÷Òª·½·¨, »¹ÐèÒª½øÒ»²½Ñо¿ÆÀ¹À, ¾ßÌåµÄ×÷ÓûúÀíÒ²ÐèÒª½øÒ»²½ÂÛÖ¤.µ«ÊÇ, Ëæ×ų¦µÀ¾úȺÓë¼²²¡µÄÏà¹ØÐÔÑо¿Öð²½ÉîÈë, ³¦µÀ¾úȺµÄÌØÊ⹦ÄÜ¡¢Ö²¡»úÖÆÒ²½«±»Ò»Ò»½Òʾ, ÓÉ´Ë, Ò²»á´ó´óÌá¸ß³¦µÀ¾úȺÓëÀÏÄêÈ˽¡¿µµÄÑо¿Ë®Æ½.
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