工伤认定中相关法律问题探讨

　　摘要：工伤认定是我国工伤保险制度中最为重要和繁冗的一环,是整个工伤保险法律制度运行的起点和基础,是工伤职工按照法律规定享受工伤待遇的前置程序和基本依据。工伤认定的结论能否及时准确有效的做出,与工伤职工的切身利益关系密切,同时工伤认定的结果也关系着工伤职工与用人单位关系的稳定。而我国目前在工伤认定中还存在着很多问题,这些问题不仅影响了劳动者和用人单位的合法权益,更对社会的和谐稳定造成了冲击,因此,我们有必要对我国现行的工伤保险法律制度作出更加深入的研究,而工伤认定则是首当其冲需要我们关注的问题,在本文中,笔者就工伤认定中相关的法律问题进行进一步的探讨和研究,以期对完善我国相关工伤认定法律制度有所裨益。

　　本文分为四个部分对我国工伤认定问题进行论述:

　　第一部分是对工伤认定制度做一个总括性的介绍,包括对其基本的定义和内涵的界定,理清工伤认定在工伤保险制度中的作用和地位,对工伤认定法律制度改革和完善应当坚持的大方向做一个原则性的指引。

　　第二部分介绍了工伤认定制度在我国的建立与发展的进程。通过对比新旧《工伤保险条例》法律条文的变化,细致的剖析现行的工伤认定制度所取得的进步以及依然存在的不足,并全面的归纳了目前我国施行的工伤认定制度的程序和特点。

　　第三部分分析了目前我国的工伤认定制度中仍然存在的一些问题,一方面是工伤保险法律制度本身设计的不合理,另一方面是在工伤认定中相关职能机构对法律理解的偏差。并通过法理上的分析,对一些典型的案例做出评析。.

　　第四部分提出了对于完善我国现行工伤认定制度的一些建议。从工伤认定应当遵循的法律原则、工伤认定主体、认定范围、认定程序等几个方面全面细致的阐述了如何对改进现行的工伤认定制度。

　　关键词:工伤工伤认定工伤保险
 

　　Abstract

　　Related injuries injury insurance system in our country is the most important andburdensome part,is the starting point and foundation of the entire legal system isrunning injury insurance,workers enjoy the work injury is work-related injuriestreated in accordance with the legal requirements and basic pre- program basis.

　　Related injuries conclusion to make timely and accurate and effective,closely relatedto the vital interests of injured workers ’ while the results are also related injuriesrelated to the injured workers and employers stable relationship . However, there arealso identified in the injury there are many problems that not only affect the legitimaterights and interests of workers and employers,but also to create a harmonious andstable social impact,therefore,necessary for us to our current legal system ofindustrial injury insurance to make more in-depth research, and related injuries are thebrunt of the problems we need to focus,in this paper,the author for furtherdiscussion and study on injuries related to legal issues identified in order to improveour legal system related benefit related injuries .

　　This paper is divided into four parts for discussion of issues related injuries :

　　The first part is related injuries do an overarching system introduction, includingthe definition of its basic definitions and connotations,clarify the role and statusrelated injuries in work-related injury insurance system,the legal system of relatedinjuries should adhere to reform and improve direction to make a principledguidelines .

　　The second part describes the process of establishment and development of thesystem related injuries in our country . By comparing the old and the new changes inthe law , and detailed analysis,” Work Injury Insurance Regulations “ and the lack ofprogress still existing injuries achieved recognition system and a comprehensiveinduction program and the characteristics of the current implementation of the systemrelated injuries ?

　　The third part analyzes the problems of the current system still exist relatedinjuries,one is injury insurance legal system itself improper design,on the otherhand was found in injury related legal understanding of the functional organization ofbias. By analyzing the jurisprudence of some typical cases make Comment.

　　The fourth part proposes to improve our current system of some of therecommendations related injuries . Related injuries from the legal principles thatshould be followed,subject related injuries,finds the range identified several aspectsof the program,such as a comprehensive and detailed exposition of how to improvethe existing related injuries.

　　Key words: Injuries; Work Injury Certification; Injury insurance

    引言

　　近年来,随着我国社会经济水平的不断发展,生产方式的多样化逐渐加强,劳动用工形式也日渐复杂。同时伴随着劳动力数量的不断增加,大量的外来务工人员进入工厂,企业等劳动密集型的产业;而一些企业由于片面的追求利益的最大化,安全管理监督不到位,加之劳动者自身的安全保护意识缺乏,从而导致工伤事故频频发生,各种形式的工伤争议层出不穷,严重影响到了劳动者的合法利益和劳动者与用人单位的关系。大量发生的工伤事故在给用人企业和社会带来巨大压力的同时,也已成为经济发展和社会进步的姅脚石。

　　针对高发的工伤事故,我们不仅应当对企业加强管理,对安全生产加大宣传力度,更应该有切实的保障使受工伤劳动者的合法权益能得到切实的维护。而工伤保险制度作为我国社会保障制度的重要组成部分,在分散劳动风险中发挥着极其重要的保障作用。对于劳动者来说,工伤保险制度给了他们在发生工伤事故后提供了一个合法的救济渠道,保障了劳动者的合法权益,同时工伤保险制度也分散了企业的用工风险。而工伤认定制度作为工伤保险制度中的前提程序,是工伤保险制度中的关键环节,所以,工伤认定中存在的问题研究具有很强的现实意义。