我国司法公开制度的健全探究

　　摘 要

　　随着我国司法改革的不断深入，司法公开成为社会各界关注的焦点问题。对司法公开的热切关注是我国政治、经济和社会高速发展的反映，也是当下我国政治生活和社会生活的必然要求。目前，我国理论界和实务界对司法公开的研究越来越重视，一批研究成果相继产生，但是大多停留在技术层面，对于司法公开的基础理论的研究较少。本文的研究力求从基本理论出发，进而研究司法公开的具体制度和改进的建议。

　　本文从司法公开的一般理论出发，以司法公开概念、特征、理论和价值为基础，论述司法公开产生、发展，司法公开的内容和例外，进而提出完善司法公开制度的方案。

　　在司法公开的基础理论方面，认为司法公开源于人权理论、司法民主理论和正当程序理论，是公民知情权、参与权、表达权和监督权在司法领域的体现和落实。同时，司法公开是也是我国国体的要求，民主就是人民当家作主，在司法领域也要体现这一基本原则，司法公开就是这一原则在司法领域的一种实现形式。另外，近代以来，以人为本的理念逐渐深入人心，把人当成目的，而不是手段成为以人为本的另一种表达，体现在法律中就形成了正当程序理论，这一理论以人的尊严为出发点和归宿，通过程序的设计避免对人尊严的侵夺，司法信息是维护这种尊严的重要资源，司法公开也就成为正当程序的应有之义。

　　在司法公开的价值方面，认为司法公开有助于推进司法公正、有助于提升司法公信力、有助于树立司法权威、有助于提高司法效率、有助于改进教育研究。

　　基于以上的分析，文中对现行司法公开制度进行了梳理，阐述了司法公开一般理论，发展历史，公开的内容，分析了司法公开的形式。在此基础上，认为我国司法公开存在以下问题：对司法公开的意义认识不足，没有认识到司法公开对司法公正、司法公信、司法权威和司法效率的重要意义；司法公开制度仍不健全，如法律依据位阶较低、司法公开的机制体制不完善等。最后，本文提出了改进和完善司法公开制度的建议和措施：构建司法公开的形式体系，完善内容和程序设计，完善司法公开的监督制度。

　　关键词： 司法公开，内容，不足，完善措施

　　Abstract

　　Along with our country's judicial reform, public judicature becomes the focusof attention of the community. On the judicial public eager attention is reflected inhigh speed development of our country's politics, economy and society, but also thepresent our country political life and social life of the inevitable requirement. Atpresent, China's theoretical circles and practitioners increasingly attach importanceto the study of public judicature more and, in a number of research results have beenproduced, but mostly stays at the technical level, the basic theories of publicjudicature less. This study tries to start from the basic theory, and then study thepublic judicature specific system and suggestions for improvement.

　　In this paper, from the general theory of public judicature, in concept,characteristics, theory and value basis, illustrates the current public judicature systemcontent, procedure and its shortcomings, and then put forward the perfect judicialpublicity system scheme.

　　In the basic theory of public judicature, that public judicature originated fromthe theory of human rights, judicial democracy theory and the theory of due process,is the embodiment of the citizen's right to know, right to participate, to express andto supervise in the judicial field and carry out the. At the same time, the publicjudicature is also requires our country constitution, China is the people's democraticdictatorship socialist countries, democracy is that the people be in power, also wantto reflect the basic principle in the field of justice, public judicature is this principlein the judicial field to a realization form. In addition, since the modern times, theconcept of people-oriented and gradually win support among the people, the peopleas the purpose, rather than a means to become another expression of people-oriented,reflected in the law on the formation of the due process theory, this theory to thedignity of man as the starting point and destination, the program design to avoidinfringing upon human dignity, justice information is an important resource formaintaining this dignity, public judicature becomes the proper meaning of dueprocess. In the aspect of judicial public value, think of judicial openness helps topromote judicial justice, help to enhance the credibility of the judiciary, helps toestablish the judicial authority, help to improve judicial efficiency, help to improvethe education research.

　　Based on the above analysis, the paper on the current judicial publicity systemundertook combing, expounds the judicial open content, open, open, namely casecourt public hearing, document is public, the public execution and trial publicly, hasanalyzed the judicial form of public authority, according to the public and publicdepending on application. On the basis of this, think our country judicial publicityhas the following problems, one is the lack of understanding of the meaning ofjudicial openness, didn't realize the judicial openness of judicial justice, judicialpublic faith, the judicial authority and judicial efficiency of great significance, soenough attention. The two is the open system of justice is still not perfect, such asthe mechanism of the legal basis for the lower ranks, open justice system is notperfect etcFinally, this paper proposes the improvement and the proposals and measures toimprove the system of public judicature. One is to construct the judicial form ofpublic judicature, such as the unified search platform, live trial platform. The two isto improve the content and program design, especially for the file open, judicialpublic trial program design, public service and public put forward more specificcomments and suggestions. Three is to improve the supervision system of judicialopenness, such as expanding the contents of supervision, the information that shallbe disclosed all included in the scope of supervision; and as to broaden the channelsof supervision, the establishment of the public, the media, the NPC and the superiorjudicial authorities of the long-term mechanism.

　　Key Words:

　　Public Judicature, Form, Content, Perfect Measures
 

　　目 录

　　引 言……1

　　一、 司法公开的一般理论……3

　　（一） 司法公开的概念和基本特征…… 3

　　（二） 司法公开的理论基础…… 5

　　（三） 司法公开的重要意义…… 9

　　二、 司法公开的沿革、现状及不足……13

　　（一） 司法公开理念的产生…… 13

　　（二） 中国司法公开的发展过程…… 15

　　（三） 司法公开存在的不足…… 16

　　三、 司法公开的基本内容和例外……19

　　（一） 司法公开的基本内容…… 19

　　（二） 司法公开的例外…… 21

　　四、 我国司法公开制度的完善……25

　　（一） 构建司法公开的形式体系…… 25

　　（二） 司法公开的内容和程序设计…… 28

　　（三） 完善司法公开的监督制度…… 32

　　结 语……34

　　参 考 文 献……35

　　致 谢……38