职务消费过程中“占便宜消费”的刑法分析

　　中文摘要

　　本文选取了两组在职务消费过程中经常发生的“占便宜消费”的案件，通过对案件情况的简单介绍，提出两点问题。一是这种“占便宜消费”行为如何界定，二是对这种“占便宜消费”行为如何处罚。首先通过对相关概念的界定，明确这一行为的危害性，其次通过对“占便宜消费”行为现有处罚方式的分析，发现现有处罚的不足。就如何完善对“占便宜消费”行为处罚，分析了设立新罪的可行性，提出了笔者的立法设立方案。

　　对于“占便宜消费”行为有称其为挥霍浪费、有称其为隐形福利、有称其为犯罪行为，其实这是一种违规公务消费行为。党的“十八”大以后，加强了对于这种“占便宜”行为的打击力度，纪检监察的网站上对此行为也经常曝光。对此，本文的第一部分针对来自学术理论界、社会舆论对这种“占便宜消费”行为的各种争议提出了对违规职务消费行为行为如何界定和对违规职务消费行为如何处罚这两个问题。针对以上问题，本文的第二部分首先通过对公务消费概念的解析，进一步探讨违规公务消费是如何认定的。在对违规公务消费行为认定的基础上，将从消费主体、违规消费目的等进行分类。得出违规公务消费行为严重的侵害了公共财产利益、侵害了公务人员的职务廉洁性、严重影响社会发展。而后紧接着分析实践中的处罚状况，发现在实践中对于违规公务消费行为更多的是处以党纪政纪处罚，刑法对违规公务消费行为并没有都进行否定性评价。刑法评价的缺失导致现有处罚的不足，罚不当罪。通过查找刑法没有进行否定评价的原因，通过分析得出其最大的原因在于固有利益难以打破。基于违规公务消费行为的危害性和对其处罚的缺失，在文中的第三部分，笔者拟设立新罪名探讨对违规公务消费行为刑法评价的可行性。对其可行性，从我国历史上立法的基础、当代现行法律与政策支持、域外立法及实践基础和当下民意的需求四方面加以论述。通过证实得出刑法可以对其评价。在文章的最后对“违规消费公款”罪的作出立法设计，包括其在刑法中的定位、犯罪构成的分析、法定刑的设置。希望本文的写作能为治理违规公务消费提供新的思路。

　　关键词：违规公务消费 处罚方式 刑法评价

　　Abstract

　　This paper selected consumer groups in the post process from “taking advantage of theconsumer,” the cases occur frequently, through the circumstances of the case brief,raised two questions. First, how to define this“take advantage of the consumer”behavior , the second is this “take advantage of the consumer” behavior punished.

　　Firstly, the definition of related concepts, clearly the dangers of this behavior, followedby “taking advantage of the consumer,” the existing punishment behavior analysis, wefound deficiencies of the existing punishment. On how to improve on the “takeadvantage of the consumer” behavior punishment, the paper analyzes the feasibility ofthe establishment of new crimes, the author proposed legislation to establish theprogram. For “to take advantage of the consumer,” called spendthrift behavior, there arecalled stealth welfare, have called for criminal behavior, in fact, this is the officialconsumer behavior a violation. The party's “Eighteen” big future, strengthened for this“take advantage” behavior crackdown on discipline inspection sites are often exposed tothis behavior. In this regard, the first part of this paper, from the academic community,the public controversies of this “take advantage of the consumer 'behavior made illegalduties on consumer behavior and how to define the behavior of consumer behavior onthe job how to punish violations of these two problems. To solve the above problems,the second part of this paper is the concept of public consumption through analysis, tofurther explore how public consumption violations identified. On the basis of theviolations identified by the official consumer behavior, from the main consumer, illegalconsumption purposes, such as classification. Official consumer behavior drawn seriousviolations against the interests of public property, against the integrity of the publicservice duties seriously affect social development. Then followed by analysis of thesituation in practice penalties, and found irregularities in practice for publicconsumption behavior is punishable by disciplinary rules more penalties for violationsof criminal law official consumer behavior does not have carried negative evaluation.

　　Criminal law by finding no reason for the negative evaluation, obtained by analyzingthe biggest reason is its inherent benefits that is difficult to break. Based on the dangersof illegal public consumption behavior and its lack of punishment, in the third part ofthe text, the author intends to explore the feasibility of setting up new charges forviolations of criminal law official consumer behavior evaluation. Its feasibility on thebasis of the legislative history of our country from contemporary existing legal andpolicy support, extraterritorial legislation and practice basic and immediate needs of thepeople in four areas to be addressed. Confirmed that the criminal law can be obtainedthrough its evaluation. Legislation designed to make the final of the crime in the article”illegal spending of public funds“, including its location in the criminal law, the analysisof crime constituted legal punishment settings. I hope this writing can provide newideas for public consumption governance violations.

　　Key words: Violation Public Consumption Punishment Penal Evaluation

    目 录

　　序 言 ……1

　　一、典型案件简介与引发的问题……2

　　（一）典型案件简介……2

　　1.公款旅游案 ……2

　　2.公款吃喝案 ……2

　　（二）案件引发的问题……3

　　1.违规公务消费行为如何界定 ……3

　　2.违规公务消费行为如何处罚 ……3

　　二、案件引发问题的展开……4

　　（一）违规公务消费行为的内涵、分类及危害……4

　　1.违规公务消费的内涵 ……4

　　2.违规公务消费行为的类型 ……6

　　3.违规公务消费的危害 ……7

　　（二）违规公务消费行为的处罚现状……9

　　1.非刑法处罚方式 ……9

　　2.刑法处罚方式 ……10

　　3.现有处罚的不足 ……11

　　三、违规公务消费行为的刑法评价构建……12

　　（一）增设“违规消费公款罪”的可行性……13

　　1.我国古代的立法基础 ……13

　　2.现行的法律基础与政策支持 ……14

　　3.域外立法、司法经验的借鉴 ……14

　　4.民意对立法的期待 ……15

　　（二）违规消费公款罪的立法设计……15

　　1.违规消费公款罪在刑法体系中的定位 ……15

　　2.违规消费公款罪的罪状设计 ……16

　　3.法定刑设置 ……17

　　结 语 ……19

　　参考文献 ……20

　　致 谢 ……22