法理学视角下民意参与司法审判的利弊探究

　　中文摘要

　　以“邓玉娇案”为切入点，分析了民意与司法审判之间的相互影响，并且从法理学角度研究如何促进我国舆论监督与司法审判良性互动，进而指出二者良性互动的关键在于尊重舆论自由与司法独立的前提下，完善舆论监督体系，使民意通过合法方式进入司法程序对其监督并发挥作用。作为表达民众合理诉求的民意通过媒体和网络等形式传递给司法机关，一方面起到了积极的监督作用；另外一方面也应将民意纳入参与司法审判活动的重要考量因素从立法层面给予认可。民意反映了民众朴素的正义观，而先于司法审判由民意所引发的民意审判则可能严重影响司法的独立性和权威性。诉诸民意审判的案件多涉及权贵身份、道德底线、弱势群体等。这其中存在复杂的原因，如公众对司法的信任度不高、司法监督的缺失、司法改革进入攻坚阶段以及民众法律素质的逐步提升与基层审判人员法律素养的不匹配等诸多因素的制约。

　　本文从法理学的角度考量民意参与司法审判活动的利弊得失。以实际出发，通过科学的论证和严谨的阐述探索一条在不干涉司法审判独立活动的同时将民意以合理的方式融入立法结构之中的中间道路；民意干预司法在一定程度上可以填补法律漏洞、克服司法形式主义、防止司法权滥用。民意不当干预司法审判将会极大的削弱司法的公信力，影响了人们对法律的信仰。因此，对民意干预司法审判进行法理分析对于防范民意审判发生具有借鉴意义。为了防范民意审判现象的发生，需要通过立法建立民意进入司法程序的法律制度。在完善现有的调解制度和人民陪审员制度的同时，逐步推进媒体、网络与司法活动的协调发展，不仅有助于改变现有司法审判方式的弊端，还可有效加快民意参与司法审判的立法进程。

　　关键词：舆论监督 民意审判 司法权威。

　　Abstract

　　In the case of “Deng Yujiao” as the breakthrough point,analyzed the interaction betweenpublic opinion and the judicial trial, and from the angle of jurisprudence to study how topromote our country's supervision of public opinion and the judicial trial is benign andinteractive, and it is pointed out that the two key lies in respecting the benign interactionbetween the freedom of public opinion and the judicial independence, improve thesupervision of public opinion system, so that the public through legal means to enter thejudicial process for supervision and play a role. As an expression of public opinion istransferred to the reasonable demands of the judiciary through the form of media andnetwork, on the one hand, plays a positive role in supervision; on the other hand alsoshould be the public in the important consideration factors participate in theadministration of justice activities give the approval from the legislative level. Publicopinion reflects people simple view of justice, and before the judicial trial caused bypublic opinion polls may seriously affect the judicial independence and judicialauthority. Resort to the public trial involving more powerful identity, moral bottom line,vulnerable groups etcThe existence of which the complicated reasons, such as thepublic trust in the judiciary is not high, the lack of administrative supervision, thejudicial activities of the judicial reform enters phase of assault fortified position andmany restrict factors gradually improve the legal quality of the people and grass-rootsjudicial personnel does not match the legal literacy.

　　This paper consider the pros and cons of public participation in the activities of theadministration of justice from the perspective of jurisprudence. In reality, throughscientific argumentation and rigorous exposition to explore a non-interference in anindependent judiciary activities at the same time the public opinion into the middle roadof legislative structure in a reasonable way of public opinion; judicial interventions canfill loopholes in the law, our method overcome formalism, to prevent the abuse ofjudicial power in a certain extent. Weaken the great public opinion improperintervention judicial will credibility, affect people's belief in law. Therefore, the publicintervention judicial legal analysis for the prevention of public judgment occurs withreference. In order to prevent the occurrence of the phenomenon of public trial, the legalsystem needs legislation through the establishment of public opinion to the judicialprocedure. In improving the existing mediation system and the system of people's jurorsat the same time, the coordinated development of advance gradually, network media andjudicial activities, not only has the disadvantages of helping to change the existingjudicial trial mode, and also can effectively accelerate the legislative process of publicparticipation in judicial trial.

　　Key words:The Supervision of Public Opinion Public Opinion Trial JudicialAuthority
 

　　目 录

　　序 言 ……1

　　一、邓玉娇案审判中发生民意审判现象的原因……3

　　（一）民意施压于法院…… 5

　　（二）民意追求正义倾向于道德评价…… 6

　　（三）民意需司法的因势利导…… 6

　　（四）公众媒体监督的错位…… 7

　　二、邓玉娇案中民意对司法干预的利弊比对……8

　　（一）邓玉娇案审判中民意监督司法的益处…… 8

　　1.填补法律漏洞…… 8

　　2.克服司法形式主义…… 8

　　3.防止司法权滥用…… 9

　　（二）邓玉娇案审判中民意干预司法的弊端…… 9

　　1.妨害司法独立…… 9

　　2.损害司法公正…… 10

　　3.损害司法权威……11

　　4.干扰司法审判…… 12

　　三、民意审判的防范对策……12

　　（一）构建民意融入司法程序的正当性…… 13

　　1.从立法层面上吸收民意…… 13

　　2.完善司法制度中人民的参与环节和实际效力…… 13

　　3.完善司法回应民意机制…… 13

　　（二）法院应对民意审判的策略…… 14

　　1.坚持法院独立审判基本原则…… 14

　　2.加强司法公开…… 15

　　3.增强裁判文书的说理性…… 15

　　（三）提升媒体参与司法审判的监督职能…… 16

　　1.保障新闻自由和媒体监督…… 16

　　2.实现媒体参与与司法公正的共赢…… 16

　　3.规范媒体对司法的监督…… 17

　　结 语……19

　　参考文献 ……20

　　致 谢……22