我国检察机关法律监管职能的研究

　　摘要

　　十八大三中全会召开，给广大法律人带来令人振奋的消息。中央将深化检察机关的改革。这对于检察机关来说既是机遇也是挑战。我国检察机关从建国之初，在董必武老一代检察人的带领下，借鉴了列宁法律监督思想，学习了苏联的检察制度模式，第一部宪法确认了检察机关为法律监督机关。但是起步发展的十年，经历了短暂的黄金十年，就遭到了 “文革”摧毁性的打击，努力十年的检察事业毁于一旦。改革开放以后重新恢复机构设置，曲曲折折，也走了很多的弯路。在这里，笔者想通过观察检察机关的职能，反思我国检察职能一些问题和不足，为深化司法改革做些贡献。

　　本文开始讨论检察职能的概念，以及检察职能涉及的理论，分析了检察职能需满足三种资格要素。接着研宄我国检察职能的模式选择，我国检察职能的模式选择，首先基于我国是社会主义国家，当时的情况很自然的把目光投向苏联，学习了列宁的法律监督思想，把我国检察机关定性为法律监督机关。经历了建国后短暂的发展，由于“文革”开始后，检察机关被砸烂，整个检察系统被摧毁。“文革”结束后，我国检察制度才得以恢复，经历初期的曲折，我国检察机关逐渐走上正轨，检察机关在社会生活中也发挥越来越重要的作用。本文观察了我国检察职能的发展历程，认为有必要强化法律监督职能，将检察机关定性为一个法律监督机关。通过立法手段，将检察机关监督职能实操手段法定化。

　　关键词：检察机关 职能 法律监督

　　ABSTRACT

　　Eighteen the third plenary session was held,to the vast number of legal person to bringexciting news. The central government will deepen the reform of the procuratorial organ. This for theprocuratorial organs is both an opportunity and a challenge. The procuratorial organ of our countryfrom the beginning of the founding of the PRC, under the leadership of Mr. Dong Biwu in referenceto Lenin, the legal supervision of the procuratorial system thinking, learning the pattern of the SovietUnion, the initial development of ten years,experienced a short period of ten years,was the“Cultural Revolution” destroyed the blow, procuratorial work ten years of hard work was destroyed.

　　To restore the institutional settings,twists and turns, also walked many detours. Here, I would liketo through the observation of the procuratorial organ function,reflection of China's procuratorialorgans some problems and the insufficiency,in order to deepen the reform of the judiciary and dosome contribution.His paper introduces the concept of procuratorial functions began, and the theory ofprosecutorial functions involved. About procuratorial functions need to satisfy three qualifications.

　　Mode selection and then speak Chinese procuratorial function, mode selection of China'sprocuratorial function because China is a socialist country,the circumstance at that time is verynatural to look towards the Soviet Union, learning Lenin's legal supervision thinking, qualitative theprocuratorial organ of our country as the legal supervision organs. Experienced short after thefounding of the PRC,because of the “Cultural Revolution” started, the procuratorial organs havebeen smashed, the procuratorial organs were destroyed. After the “Cultural Revolution”,China'sprocuratorial system to recover, the initial experience of twists and turns,the procuratorial organ ofour country gradually on track,the procuratorial organs play a more and more important role insocial life. In the course of development of our country's procuratorial function were observed,Ithink it is necessary to enhance the function of legal supervision, the procuratorial organscharacterized as a legal supervision organ.

　　KEY WORDS: procuratorial organs function egal supervision
 

　　目录

　　摘要

　　Abstract

　　引言

　　1.检察机关职能概述

　　1.1职能的定义

　　1.2检察机关职能的三要素

　　2.资格要素一一我国检察职能模式的理论

　　2.1分权制衡理论

　　2. 2法律监督理论

　　2. 2. 1列宁法律监督理论形成的背景

　　2.2. 2前苏联检察职能模式一一列宁的法律监督思想

　　2. 3我国检察职能资格要素对列宁法律监督思想的选择

　　3.能力要素一一我国各时期检察机关职能运行模式的观察

　　3.1“文革”前，我国检察职能发展的观察

　　3.2“文革”期间我国检察机关遭到灭顶之灾

　　3.3“文革”过后检察制度恢复后，对检察机关职能的观察

　　3.3. 1检察机关职能运行的纵深和精细化观察

　　3. 3. 2当前我国检察职能内容的观察

　　3. 3. 3当前我国检察职能特点观察

　　3. 3. 4我国检察机关监督职能与公诉职能关系的观察

　　3.3. 5我国检察机关与行政机关关系的观察

　　4.效果要素之反思一一我国检察职能的反思

　　4. 1我国检察职能的缺陷

　　4.1. 1侦查监督无法到位‘缺乏监督能力

　　4. 1. 2刑事审判监督职能在弱化

　　4. 1. 3民事、行政监督职能有名无实

　　4. 1. 4检察机关职能在其他方面的不足

　　4. 2针对目前我国检察职能的缺陷，反思检察职能的定位

　　4. 2. 1强化宪法赋予检察机关为法律监督机关的定位

　　4. 2. 2加快检察机关省一级以下垂直管理

　　4. 2. 3探索检警一体化，增强检察机关在侦查范围内的监督

　　结论